Constant Hijzen – författare

A revealing look at the interrelationship between secret intelligence agencies and the wider societies and cultures they inhabit

Intelligence agencies pride themselves on transcending politics and delivering objective intelligence assessments that speak truth to power and are detached from the cultural or political biases that pervade our fallen world. They are commonly understood as cloistered entities, operating behind the veil of secrecy with relative freedom from societal scrutiny.

Spies, Culture, and Society demonstrates that intelligence services are, in fact, fundamentally embedded within the wider sociocultural domain they inhabit. Intelligence services have come in from the cold, featuring routinely today in the media and in our popular culture and political debates. Many profoundly influential cultural narratives, from ideas of a "deep state" to the many modern mythologies of espionage at the movies, have been shaped, often unintentionally, by the activities of intelligence services. In turn, intelligence agencies and their employees are not immune to the outside influence of culture and ideas, despite their noble dream of objectivity and detachment. This volume brings together some of the world''s leading experts on intelligence and its wider impact in chapters that explore different aspects of this reciprocal relationship between intelligence services and the outside world. The topics covered include the influence of spy films and novels, interactions between spies and journalists, the historical roots of the "deep state" conspiracy theory, Western intelligence services and imperialism, and more.

This interdisciplinary collection reveals how both intelligence officers and citizens have constructed memories of intelligence services through various social prisms. Offering meaningful insights for intelligence studies scholars, Cold War historians, and media scholars, this collection offers a new paradigm for understanding intelligence agencies as fundamentally integrated into the cultures and societies they seek to protect.

This book historicizes the debate over how democratic regimes deal with anti-democratic groupings in society. Democracies across the world increasingly find themselves under threat from enemies, ranging from terrorists to parties and movements that undermine democratic institutions from within. This compilation of essays provides the first historical exploration of how democracies have dealt with such anti-democratic forces in their midst and how this impacted upon what democracy meant to all involved. From its inception in the nineteenth century, modern democratic politics has included fundamental debates over whether it is undemocratic and dangerous to ban parties with anti-democratic objectives and whether democracies should defend themselves, if necessary with violence, against perceived anti-democratic forces. This volume shows that implicit conceptions of democracy and democratic repertoires become explicit, fluid, and contested throughout these confrontations, not only withindemocratic parties, but also among their adversaries. Both sides have, at times, used force or limited the expression of ideas, thus blurring the lines between who is democratic and who is not.