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In the Eighth Edition of this classic text on the financial history of bubbles and crashes, Robert McCauley joins with Robert Aliber in building on Charles Kindleberger's renowned work.

This book explores the evolution of intelligence research over the past two decades, emphasizing the development and implementation of intelligence functions in private and public organizations. A comprehensive framework for conducting intelligence analysis is presented, establishing and operating intelligence teams, and addressing the adjacent ethical questions raised by the nature of this field of study.The key themes addressed include the methodology of intelligence analysis, the establishment of effective intelligence teams, and the concept of "disruptive intelligence," an emerging term referring to the identification of innovations with the potential to transform industries, making products more accessible and affordable. The book argues that recognizing these disruptions early allows incumbents to protect their businesses and new entrants to capitalize on emerging opportunities. This book stands out by blending theoretical insights with practical applications, making it an essential read for those involved in intelligence, strategic planning, and innovation management.

This book is based on the well-established book Biology of Spiders but is completely updated. It focuses on the biology and natural history of spiders in general - it does not deal with the identification of spiders.Virtually all aspects of spider biology are covered, from anatomy and physiology to neurobiology and behavior, or from spider venom to prey capture, and from silk production to complex web construction.The book will appeal not only to spider enthusiasts, professional arachnologists and zoologists, but to anyone with an interest in biology. It is written in a clear and straightforward style, making it easy to read for the general reader.

The main objective of this new edition is to facilitate the learning of radiology through a handbook that includes all disciplines of radiology. It is aimed to guide young trainees from the beginning of their radiology training and help them in the preparation of the European Diploma in Radiology (EDiR).

Now available in Open Access, this best-selling textbook for a second course in linear algebra is aimed at undergraduate math majors and graduate students. The text focuses on the central goal of linear algebra: understanding the structure of linear operators on finite-dimensional vector spaces.

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a cornerstone technology, transforming how we interact with information and redefining the boundaries of artificial intelligence. LLMs offer an unprecedented ability to understand, generate, and interact with human language in an intuitive and insightful manner, leading to transformative applications across domains like content creation, chatbots, search engines, and research tools. While fascinating, the complex workings of LLMs—their intricate architecture, underlying algorithms, and ethical considerations—require thorough exploration, creating a need for a comprehensive book on this subject.This book provides an authoritative exploration of the design, training, evolution, and application of LLMs. It begins with an overview of pre-trained language models and Transformer architectures, laying the groundwork for understanding prompt-based learning techniques. Next, it dives into methods for fine-tuning LLMs, integrating reinforcement learning for value alignment, and the convergence of LLMs with computer vision, robotics, and speech processing. The book strongly emphasizes practical applications, detailing real-world use cases such as conversational chatbots, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), and code generation. These examples are carefully chosen to illustrate the diverse and impactful ways LLMs are being applied in various industries and scenarios.Readers will gain insights into operationalizing and deploying LLMs, from implementing modern tools and libraries to addressing challenges like bias and ethical implications. The book also introduces the cutting-edge realm of multimodal LLMs that can process audio, images, video, and robotic inputs. With hands-on tutorials for applying LLMs to natural language tasks, this thorough guide equips readers with both theoretical knowledge and practical skills for leveraging the full potential of large language models.This comprehensive resource is appropriate for a wide audience: students, researchers and academics in AI or NLP, practicing data scientists, and anyone looking to grasp the essence and intricacies of LLMs.Key Features:Over 100 techniques and state-of-the-art methods, including pre-training, prompt-based tuning, instruction tuning, parameter-efficient and compute-efficient fine-tuning, end-user prompt engineering, and building and optimizing Retrieval-Augmented Generation systems, along with strategies for aligning LLMs with human values using reinforcement learningOver 200 datasets compiled in one place, covering everything from pre- training to multimodal tuning, providing a robust foundation for diverse LLM applicationsOver 50 strategies to address key ethical issues such as hallucination, toxicity, bias, fairness, and privacy. Gain comprehensive methods for measuring, evaluating, and mitigating these challenges to ensure responsible LLM deploymentOver 200 benchmarks covering LLM performance across various tasks, ethical considerations, multimodal applications, and more than 50 evaluation metrics for the LLM lifecycleNine detailed tutorials that guide readers through pre-training, fine- tuning, alignment tuning, bias mitigation, multimodal training, and deploying large language models using tools and libraries compatible with Google Colab, ensuring practical application of theoretical conceptsOver 100 practical tips for data scientists and practitioners, offering implementation details, tricks, and tools to successfully navigate the LLM life- cycle and accomplish tasks efficiently

This book is aimed at everyone preparing for the ISTQB® Certified Tester – Foundation Level exam based on the Foundation Level syllabus (version 4.0) published in 2023.

Explore the captivating world of plankton with this hands-on guide, perfect for students, educators, hobbyists, and citizen scientists alike.

This book is intended for students, academics, designers, process engineers and CMM operators, and presents the ISO GPS and the ASME GD&T rules and concepts. The Geometric Product Specification (GPS) and Geometrical Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) languages are in fact the most powerful tools available to link the perfect geometrical world of models and drawings to the imperfect world of manufactured parts and assemblies. The topics include a complete description of all the ISO GPS terminology, datum systems, MMR and LMR requirements, inspection, and gauging principles. Moreover, the differences between ISO GPS and the American ASME Y14.5 standards are shown as a guide and reference to help in the interpretation of drawings of the most common dimensioning and tolerancing specifications. The book may be used for engineering courses and for professional grade programmes, and it has been designed to cover the fundamental geometric tolerancing applications as well as the more advanced ones. Academics and professionals alike will find it to be an excellent teaching and research tool, as well as an easy-to-use guide. This 2nd, revised edition includes several improved features:-       It highlights the tools provided in the recently published ISO GPS standards, such as ISO 22081-2021 and ISO 2692-2021.-       New concepts and rules in accordance with the latest revision to the GD&T standard, ASME Y14.5.1-2019, Mathematical Definition of         Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles.-       Most of the drawings have been redrawn and updated even further to the new standards.-       Changes have been made to the text and illustrations to improve readability and clarify the contentAdditional contents and examples have been included.-       The chapters dedicated to profile tolerance and  tolerances (ISO 14405) have been extended and rewritten.

The volume brings together an international group of authors discussing basic concepts and approaches to plural policing as well as aspects and practices of plural policing in specific locations. The context comes from the fact that policing activities are nowadays performed by a growing number and variety of police and non-police stakeholders.

This text provides a mathematically rigorous introduction to modern methods of machine learning and data analysis at the advanced undergraduate/beginning graduate level. The book is self-contained and requires minimal mathematical prerequisites. There is a strong focus on learning how and why algorithms work, as well as developing facility with their practical applications. Apart from basic calculus, the underlying mathematics — linear algebra, optimization, elementary probability, graph theory, and statistics — is developed from scratch in a form best suited to the overall goals.  In particular, the wide-ranging linear algebra components are unique in their ordering and choice of topics, emphasizing those parts of the theory and techniques that are used in contemporary machine learning and data analysis.  The book will provide a firm foundation to the reader whose goal is to work on applications of machine learning and/or research into the further development of this highly active field of contemporary applied mathematics.To introduce the reader to a broad range of machine learning algorithms and how they are used in real world applications, the programming language Python is employed and offers a platform for many of the computational exercises. Python notebooks complementing various topics in the book are available on a companion GitHub site specified in the Preface, and can be easily accessed by scanning the QR codes or clicking on the links provided within the text. Exercises appear at the end of each section, including basic ones designed to test comprehension and computational skills, while others range over proofs not supplied in the text, practical computations, additional theoretical results, and further developments in the subject.  The Students’ Solutions Manual may be accessed from GitHub. Instructors may apply for access to the Instructors’ Solutions Manual from the link supplied on the text’s Springer website.The book can be used in a junior or senior level course for students majoring in mathematics with a focus on applications as well as students from other disciplines who desire to learn the tools of modern applied linear algebra and optimization. It may also be used as an introduction to fundamental techniques in data science and machine learning for advanced undergraduate and graduate students or researchers from other areas, including statistics, computer science, engineering, biology, economics and finance, and so on.

Introduction to Partial Differential Equations

This book will serve as a key resource for all clinicians working in orthopedics, sports medicine, and rehabilitation for the sport of tennis. Furthermore, sufficient sport science information is presented to provide the clinical reader with extensive knowledge of tennis biomechanics and the physiological aspects of training and rehabilitation.

This book provides a rigorous introduction to the techniques and results of real analysis, metric spaces and multivariate differentiation, suitable for undergraduate courses.Starting from the very foundations of analysis, it offers a complete first course in real analysis, including topics rarely found in such detail in an undergraduate textbook such as the construction of non-analytic smooth functions, applications of the Euler-Maclaurin formula to estimates, and fractal geometry. Drawing on the author’s extensive teaching and research experience, the exposition is guided by carefully chosen examples and counter-examples, with the emphasis placed on the key ideas underlying the theory. Much of the content is informed by its applicability: Fourier analysis is developed to the point where it can be rigorously applied to partial differential equations or computation, and the theory of metric spaces includes applications to ordinary differential equations andfractals. Essential Real Analysis will appeal to students in pure and applied mathematics, as well as scientists looking to acquire a firm footing in mathematical analysis. Numerous exercises of varying difficulty, including some suitable for group work or class discussion, make this book suitable for self-study as well as lecture courses.

This self-contained textbook, now in a thoroughly revised and expanded second edition, takes a matrix-oriented approach to Linear Algebra.

Essential Partial Differential Equations

Within the field of pathology, there is a wide gap in pedagogy between medical school and residency. As a result, the pathology intern often comes into residency unprepared for the practical demands of the field, and without the foundation to digest professional-level textbooks. Completely illustrated in color, this book is uniquely directed at the junior pathology resident, and goes first through some very basic introductory material, then progresses through each organ system. Within each chapter, there is a brief review of salient normal histology, a discussion of typical specimen types, a strategic approach to the specimen, and a discussion of how the multitude of different diagnoses relate to each other. The book’s goal is to lay the foundation of practical pathology, and provide a scaffold on which to build more detailed knowledge. The second edition retains the informal voice and brevity of the first edition, but with new and expanded chapters, new illustrations, and updated material.

Beginning in Algebraic Geometry achieves a remarkable balance, offering a rigorous and detailed development of algebraic geometry that is nevertheless intended to be readable by students with only a first course in abstract algebra and linear algebra as prerequisites.

The theory of elliptic curves involves a pleasing blend of algebra, geometry, analysis, and number theory. This volume stresses this interplay as it develops the basic theory, thereby providing an opportunity for advanced undergraduates to appreciate the unity of modern mathematics. At the same time, every effort has been made to use only methods and results commonly included in the undergraduate curriculum. This accessibility, the informal writing style, and a wealth of exercises make Rational Points on Elliptic Curves an ideal introduction for students at all levels who are interested in learning about Diophantine equations and arithmetic geometry.Most concretely, an elliptic curve is the set of zeroes of a cubic polynomial in two variables. If the polynomial has rational coefficients, then one can ask for a description of those zeroes whose coordinates are either integers or rational numbers. It is this number theoretic question that is the main subject of Rational Points on Elliptic Curves. Topics covered include the geometry and group structure of elliptic curves, the Nagell–Lutz theorem describing points of finite order, the Mordell–Weil theorem on the finite generation of the group of rational points, the Thue–Siegel theorem on the finiteness of the set of integer points, theorems on counting points with coordinates in finite fields, Lenstra's elliptic curve factorization algorithm, and a discussion of complex multiplication and the Galois representations associated to torsion points. Additional topics new to the second edition include an introduction to elliptic curve cryptography and a brief discussion of the stunning proof of Fermat's Last Theorem by Wiles et al. via the use of elliptic curves.

Furthermore, this edition includes a new chapter on real-time aspects in cloud and fog computing.The book is written as a standard textbook for a high-level undergraduate or graduate course on real-time embedded systems or cyber-physical systems.

Analysis and Design of Control Laws for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) teaches students how to solve classical problems in automotive control in a step-by-step fashion.

At the end of each chapter, the instructor and student will find a section-by-section concept review, concept connections, concept assessment (10 multiple-choice questions), and concept applications.

This book presents the deterministic view of quantum mechanics developed by Nobel Laureate Gerard 't Hooft. Dissatisfied with the uncomfortable gaps in the way conventional quantum mechanics meshes with the classical world, 't Hooft has revived the old hidden variable ideas, but now in a much more systematic way than usual.

This book is a guide for child psychotherapists interested in applying clinical behavioral analysis to their work and for clinical behavior analysts working with children. In the literature of behavior analysis, a considerable number of publications present clinical strategies to more effectively conduct therapeutic interventions with adults and adolescents, but there is still a lack of publications that address practical aspects of the work of the child behavior analytic therapist. This volume aims do fill this void by bringing together chapters written by therapists who share their views on theoretical and practical aspects of child care and describe the stages and challenges of the psychotherapy process with clients of up to 12 years of age. Chapters in this volume provide an overview of the specific knowledge and techniques clinical behavior analysts need to master to work with children, such as theories of child development from the perspective of behavior analysis; biological influences on the development of child behavior; clinical assessment and definition of therapeutic goals in the work with children; how to include functional play in clinical settings; and how to involve parents and the school in the therapeutic process. Additionally, specific chapters focus on the application of third wave behavioral therapies, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Functional Analytic Psychotherapy, to the clinical work with children.Clinical Behavior Analysis for Children will be a valuable resource for psychotherapists and clinical psychology students looking for a guide to understand the specificities of clinical behavior analysis applied to child psychotherapy.

Relevant for students and instructors of business and management, particularly innovation studies, development studies and related fields, this book is the first to provide a comprehensive, interdisciplinary and research-informed overview of alternative approaches to innovation focused on systemic change.

This textbook provides an introduction to the mathematics on which modern cryptology is based. It covers not only public key cryptography, the glamorous component of modern cryptology, but also pays considerable attention to secret key cryptography, its workhorse in practice.Modern cryptology has been described as the science of the integrity of information, covering all aspects like confidentiality, authenticity and non-repudiation and also including the protocols required for achieving these aims. In both theory and practice it requires notions and constructions from three major disciplines: computer science, electronic engineering and mathematics. Within mathematics, group theory, the theory of finite fields, and elementary number theory as well as some topics not normally covered in courses in algebra, such as the theory of Boolean functions and Shannon theory, are involved.Although essentially self-contained, a degree of mathematical maturity on the part of the reader is assumed, corresponding to his or her background in computer science or engineering. Algebra for Cryptologists is a textbook for an introductory course in cryptography or an upper undergraduate course in algebra, or for self-study in preparation for postgraduate study in cryptology.

This open access book examines the Russia-Ukraine war and its origins. Based on analysis of a large number of primary and secondary sources, it provides a systematic analysis of this crucial war, its nature, outcome, possibility of peaceful settlement, violence against civilians, and origins. The book examines the role of such factors as the NATO accession of Ukraine, Russian imperialism, democracy, genocide, and the far-right in the start of the war and traces the conflict escalation ladder, which culminated in this war, to preceding violent conflicts in Ukraine, in particular, the Euromaidan, the Maidan massacre, the Russian annexation of Crimea, and the war in Donbas. The Russia-Ukraine war is the most significant armed conflict of the 21st century in the entire world and in Europe since World War Two in terms of countries involved, casualties inflicted, and actual and potential impact in the world. This book analyzes the involvement of different conflict parties, such as the Ukrainian, Russian, and Western governments, Donbas separatists, and the far right, in this crucial war and in the Euromaidan, the Maidan massacre, the Russian annexation of Crimea, and the war in Donbas, and the nature of these conflicts. This book also examines support for pro-Western/pro-nationalist and pro-Russian/pro-communist political parties and presidential candidates and attitudes towards separatism and joining the European Union, NATO, and the union with Russia in regions of Ukraine in parliamentary and presidential elections and surveys since the Euromaidan.

This is the first monograph to deal with medicine as a form of hermeneutics, now in a thoroughly revised and updated edition, including a whole new chapter on medical ethics. The book offers a comprehensive philosophical argument why good medical practice cannot be curtailed to scientific investigations of the body but is a form of clinical hermeneutics performed by health-care professionals in dialogue with their patients. Medical hermeneutics is rooted in a phenomenology of illness which acknowledges and proceeds from the ill party’s bodily feelings, everyday life-world circumstances and self-understanding in aiming to restore health.The author shows how the works of classical phenomenologists and hermeneuticians – Martin Heidegger, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Hans-Georg Gadamer and Paul Ricoeur – may be employed to understand how medical diagnosis is enveloped by professional empathy and clinical judgement and developed by scientific investigations of the patient’s bodily condition. Health and illness are ultimately considered to be ways of feeling at home or not at home in the world, and such experiences are the starting point of medical hermeneutics when aiming to make best use of scientific knowledge. The book is aimed at researchers and teachers in philosophy of medicine and medical ethics, and at physicians, nurses and other health-care professionals meeting with patients in ethically complex and challenging situations. Phenomenology and hermeneutics, most often considered as methods belonging to the humanities, are shown to be of vital importance for the understanding of medical practice and ethical dilemmas of health care.

This book is intended for students, academics, designers, process engineers and CMM operators, and presents the ISO GPS and the ASME GD&T rules and concepts. The Geometric Product Specification (GPS) and Geometrical Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) languages are in fact the most powerful tools available to link the perfect geometrical world of models and drawings to the imperfect world of manufactured parts and assemblies. The topics include a complete description of all the ISO GPS terminology, datum systems, MMR and LMR requirements, inspection, and gauging principles. Moreover, the differences between ISO GPS and the American ASME Y14.5 standards are shown as a guide and reference to help in the interpretation of drawings of the most common dimensioning and tolerancing specifications. The book may be used for engineering courses and for professional grade programmes, and it has been designed to cover the fundamental geometric tolerancing applications as well as the more advanced ones. Academics and professionals alike will find it to be an excellent teaching and research tool, as well as an easy-to-use guide. This 2nd, revised edition includes several improved features:-       It highlights the tools provided in the recently published ISO GPS standards, such as ISO 22081-2021 and ISO 2692-2021.-       New concepts and rules in accordance with the latest revision to the GD&T standard, ASME Y14.5.1-2019, Mathematical Definition of         Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles.-       Most of the drawings have been redrawn and updated even further to the new standards.-       Changes have been made to the text and illustrations to improve readability and clarify the contentAdditional contents and examples have been included.-       The chapters dedicated to profile tolerance and  tolerances (ISO 14405) have been extended and rewritten.