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Algebraic Geometry is the study of systems of polynomial equations in one or more variables, asking such questions as: Does the system have finitely many solutions, and if so how can one find them? And if there are infinitely many solutions, how can they be described and manipulated?
The solutions of a system of polynomial equations form a geometric object called a variety; the corresponding algebraic object is an ideal. There is a close relationship between ideals and varieties which reveals the intimate link between algebra and geometry. Written at a level appropriate to undergraduates, this book covers such topics as the Hilbert Basis Theorem, the Nullstellensatz, invariant theory, projective geometry, and dimension theory.
The algorithms to answer questions such as those posed above are an important part of algebraic geometry. Although the algorithmic roots of algebraic geometry are old, it is only in the last forty years that computational methods have regainedtheir earlier prominence. New algorithms, coupled with the power of fast computers, have led to both theoretical advances and interesting applications, for example in robotics and in geometric theorem proving.
In addition to enhancing the text of the second edition, with over 200 pages reflecting changes to enhance clarity and correctness, this third edition of Ideals, Varieties and Algorithms includes: A significantly updated section on Maple in Appendix C; Updated information on AXIOM, CoCoA, Macaulay 2, Magma, Mathematica and SINGULAR; A shorter proof of the Extension Theorem presented in Section 6 of Chapter 3.
From the 2nd edition: "I consider the book to be wonderful. ... The exposition is very clear, there are many helpful pictures, and there are a great many instructive exercises, some quite challenging ... offers the heart and soul of modern commutative and algebraic geometry." The American Mathematical Monthly
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Galois Theory
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". . .will certainly fascinate anyone interested in abstract algebra: a remarkable book!" —Monatshefte fur Mathematik
Galois theory is one of the most established topics in mathematics, with historical roots that led to the development of many central concepts in modern algebra, including groups and fields. Covering classic applications of the theory, such as solvability by radicals, geometric constructions, and finite fields, Galois Theory, Second Edition delves into novel topics like Abel’s theory of Abelian equations, casus irreducibili, and the Galois theory of origami.
In addition, this book features detailed treatments of several topics not covered in standard texts on Galois theory, including:
The contributions of Lagrange, Galois, and Kronecker How to compute Galois groups Galois''s results about irreducible polynomials of prime or prime-squared degree Abel''s theorem about geometric constructions on the lemniscates Galois groups of quartic polynomials in all characteristicsThroughout the book, intriguing Mathematical Notes and Historical Notes sections clarify the discussed ideas and the historical context; numerous exercises and examples use Maple and Mathematica to showcase the computations related to Galois theory; and extensive references have been added to provide readers with additional resources for further study.
Galois Theory, Second Edition is an excellent book for courses on abstract algebra at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. The book also serves as an interesting reference for anyone with a general interest in Galois theory and its contributions to the field of mathematics.
Primes of the Form x2+ny2
Fermat, Class Field Theory, and Complex Multiplication
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An exciting approach to the history and mathematics of number theory
“. . . the author’s style is totally lucid and very easy to read . . .the result is indeed a wonderful story.” —Mathematical Reviews Written in a unique and accessible style for readers of varied mathematical backgrounds, the Second Edition of Primes of the Form p = x2+ ny2 details the history behind how Pierre de Fermat’s work ultimately gave birth to quadratic reciprocity and the genus theory of quadratic forms. The book also illustrates how results of Euler and Gauss can be fully understood only in the context of class field theory, and in addition, explores a selection of the magnificent formulas of complex multiplication.
Primes of the Form p = x2 + ny2, Second Edition focuses on addressing the question of when a prime p is of the form x2 + ny2, which serves as the basis for further discussion of various mathematical topics. This updated edition has several new notable features, including:
• A well-motivated introduction to the classical formulation of class field theory
• Illustrations of explicit numerical examples to demonstrate the power of basic theorems in various situations
• An elementary treatment of quadratic forms and genus theory
• Simultaneous treatment of elementary and advanced aspects of number theory
• New coverage of the Shimura reciprocity law and a selection of recent work in an updated bibliography
Primes of the Form p = x2 + ny2, Second Edition is both a useful reference for number theory theorists and an excellent text for undergraduate and graduate-level courses in number and Galois theory.
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An exciting approach to the history and mathematics of number theory
“. . . the author’s style is totally lucid and very easy to read . . .the result is indeed a wonderful story.” —Mathematical Reviews Written in a unique and accessible style for readers of varied mathematical backgrounds, the Second Edition of Primes of the Form p = x2+ ny2 details the history behind how Pierre de Fermat’s work ultimately gave birth to quadratic reciprocity and the genus theory of quadratic forms. The book also illustrates how results of Euler and Gauss can be fully understood only in the context of class field theory, and in addition, explores a selection of the magnificent formulas of complex multiplication.
Primes of the Form p = x2 + ny2, Second Edition focuses on addressing the question of when a prime p is of the form x2 + ny2, which serves as the basis for further discussion of various mathematical topics. This updated edition has several new notable features, including:
• A well-motivated introduction to the classical formulation of class field theory
• Illustrations of explicit numerical examples to demonstrate the power of basic theorems in various situations
• An elementary treatment of quadratic forms and genus theory
• Simultaneous treatment of elementary and advanced aspects of number theory
• New coverage of the Shimura reciprocity law and a selection of recent work in an updated bibliography
Primes of the Form p = x2 + ny2, Second Edition is both a useful reference for number theory theorists and an excellent text for undergraduate and graduate-level courses in number and Galois theory.
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This text covers topics in algebraic geometry and commutative algebra with a strong perspective toward practical and computational aspects. The first four chapters form the core of the book. A comprehensive chart in the Preface illustrates a variety of ways to proceed with the material once these chapters are covered. In addition to the fundamentals of algebraic geometry—the elimination theorem, the extension theorem, the closure theorem and the Nullstellensatz—this new edition incorporates several substantial changes, all of which are listed in the Preface. The largest revision incorporates a new Chapter (ten), which presents some of the essentials of progress made over the last decades in computing Gröbner bases. The book also includes current computer algebra material in Appendix C and updated independent projects (Appendix D).
The book may serve as a first or second course in undergraduate abstract algebra and with some supplementation perhaps, for beginning graduate levelcourses in algebraic geometry or computational algebra. Prerequisites for the reader include linear algebra and a proof-oriented course. It is assumed that the reader has access to a computer algebra system. Appendix C describes features of Maple™, Mathematica® and Sage, as well as other systems that are most relevant to the text. Pseudocode is used in the text; Appendix B carefully describes the pseudocode used.
Readers who are teaching from Ideals, Varieties, and Algorithms, or are studying the book on their own, may obtain a copy of the solutions manual by sending an email to jlittle@holycross.edu.
From the reviews of previous editions:
“…The book gives an introduction to Buchberger’s algorithm with applications to syzygies, Hilbert polynomials, primary decompositions. There is an introduction to classical algebraic geometry with applications to the ideal membership problem, solving polynomial equations and elimination theory. …The book is well-written. …The reviewer is sure that it will be an excellent guide to introduce further undergraduates in the algorithmic aspect of commutative algebra and algebraic geometry.”
—Peter Schenzel, zbMATH, 2007
“I consider the book to be wonderful. ... The exposition is very clear, there are many helpful pictures and there are a great many instructive exercises, some quite challenging ... offers the heart and soul of modern commutative and algebraic geometry.”
—The American Mathematical Monthly