WERF Research Report Series – serie
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110 produkter
Striking the Balance between Nutrient Removal in Wastewater Treatment and Sustainability
Häftad, 2011
1927 kr
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This study focuses on sustainability impacts as wastewater treatment plants implement treatment technologies to meet increasingly stringent nutrient limits. The objective is to determine if a point of “diminishing returns” is reached where the sustainability impacts of increased levels of nutrient …
Strategic Risk Communications Process for Biosolids Land Application Programs
Av Gordon Butte, Sara Eggers m. fl.
Häftad, 2011
1927 kr
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The long-term viability and sustainability of biosolids land application is dependent on continuously earning stakeholder confidence, trust and support. This requires ongoing and effective engagement and communication with key stakeholders about the beneficial use of biosolids in their communities. …
Remaining Asset Life
A State of the Art Review
Av David Marlow, Paul Davis m. fl.
Häftad, 2010
1885 kr
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This report is an output of the fourth research track (Track 4) of WERF’s strategic asset management research program ‘Asset Management Communication and Implementation’ (SAM1R06). Track 4 addressed ‘remaining asset life’, and had the overall objective of contributing to the development of …
Decision Analysis and Implementation Guidance in Strategic Asset Management
Av Duncan Rose
Häftad, 2010
1437 kr
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Track 3 of WERF?s Strategic Asset Management Project was developed to ?provide guidance on implementing SAM?and develop analytic tools for SAM implementation? - the Decision Support Tools and Implementation Guidance goal. In Track 3, the Decision Support Tools and Implementation Guidance goal was …
Predicting the Remaining Economic Life of Wastewater Pipes
PHASE I: DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARD DATA STRUCTURE TO SUPPORT WASTEWATER PIPE CONDITION AND PERFORMANCE PREDICTION
Häftad, 2011
1927 kr
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Accurate prediction of wastewater pipe structural and functional deterioration plays an essential role in the utility asset management process and capital investment planning. The key to implementing an asset management strategy is a comprehensive understanding and prediction of asset condition and …
Overview of State Energy Reduction Programs and Guidelines for the Wastewater Sector
Häftad, 2010
1437 kr
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Approximately 35% of a wastewater treatment facilities? total cost to provide wastewater service is for energy use. Industry wide, about 0.6% of the electric energy produced in the United States is consumed by commercial sector wastewater treatment. Clearly, the wastewater sector and other …
Development of a Microbial Fuel Cell for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment
Av Nancy G. Love, Michael Ellis m. fl.
Häftad, 2010
1866 kr
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Wastewater treatment is an energy intensive process that removes contaminants and protects the environment. While some wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) recover a small portion of their energy demand through sludge handling processes, most of the useful energy available from wastewater remains …
Communication Principles and Practices, Public Perception and Message Effectiveness
Av Rula A. Deeb
Häftad, 2009
1927 kr
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This project provides WERF subscribers with a state-of-knowledge report that is a synthesis of existing work and provides guidance on effective risk communication practices, public perception and message effectiveness. Communication principles are applicable to a wide variety of potential health …
Strategies for Small Wastewater Systems for Risk Reduction and Safeguarding Assets
Häftad, 2010
1866 kr
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The Gulf Coast hurricanes of 2005 and horrific events of 9/11/2001 have spawned a new emphasis on domestic security and emergency preparedness. Governments at all levels are taking action to reduce their vulnerabilities and prepare for emergencies, including unconventional disasters such as …
Decentralized Stormwater Controls for Urban Retrofit and Combined Sewer Overflow Reduction, Phase 2
Häftad, 2009
1927 kr
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Phase 1 of this project demonstrated the technical feasibility of using decentralized stormwater controls in urban areas for retrofits and controlling combined sewer overflows. This technical feasibility was illustrated by a number of early adopters using decentralized controls to complement their …
Estimation of Mercury Bioaccumulation Potential from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Receiving Waters
Phase 2
Av J. David Dean, Robert Mason
Häftad, 2009
1885 kr
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This project was initiated in response to the establishment of mercury TMDLs around the country and issues raised by this process, specifically concerning the issue of mercury bioavailability. While many TMDLs recognize that point sources constitute a small fraction of the mercury load to a water …
State of the Science
Review of Quantitative Tools to Determine Wastewater Soil Treatment Unit Performance
Av John McCray
Häftad, 2009
1927 kr
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The literature review described in this report is part of a larger research project to assess STU performance with respect to treatment of important wastewater constituents. The overall goal of the project is to provide a toolkit and tool-use protocol that is easy to implement and available to a …
Fate of Estrogenic Compounds during Municipal Sludge Stabilization and Dewatering
Av Edward T. Furlong, Dave Quanrud m. fl.
Häftad, 2010
1927 kr
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This project convened a team of experts in the fields of environmental engineering (AECOM), analytical chemistry and hydrogeology (USGS), and biological assay analysis (UA) to evaluate the occurrence and fate of estrogenic compound, and the estrogenicity of biosolids derived from wastewater …
Trace Organic Chemicals in Biosolids-Amended Soils
State-of-the-Science Review
Av Christopher P. Higgins, Jonathan Sharp
Häftad, 2010
1437 kr
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The presence of trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) in municipal biosolids in the U.S. has received considerable attention by the public and scientific community over the last several years. Of particular concern is whether the presence of TOrCs in biosolids results in significant risks to public …
Evaluation of Processes to Reduce Activated Sludge Solids Generation and Disposal
Häftad, 2010
1866 kr
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This project will deal with a number of aspects of WAS-only-reduction technologies for both industrial and municipal wastewater treatment applications. The objectives of this project include the following: Developing an evaluation methodology that can be used to independently assess the …
Technology Roadmap for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Plants in a Carbon-Constrained World
Häftad, 2010
1885 kr
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Resources end up in wastewater through inefficient consumption. As a result, wastewater contains reusable water, carbon (energy) and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur) that could be recovered or reused. Meanwhile, current treatment objectives are to produce an acceptable quality of water …
Energy Efficiency in Wastewater Treatment in North America
A Compendium of Best Practices and Case Studies of Novel Approaches
Häftad, 2010
1912 kr
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After manpower, energy is the highest operating cost item for most the wastewater utilities. Over the last decade, the implementation of new technologies to meet new effluent limits and water quality standards has considerably increased energy consumption by the sector. The price of energy has also …
Investigation into Biosolids Sampling and Handling Methods for U.S. EPA-Approved Microbial Detection Techniques
Häftad, 2009
1927 kr
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The objective of this research was to develop guidance for collecting samples of biosolids for microbial analysis to ensure representative samples are tested. The types of biosolids products studied included liquid, cake and compost. To accomplish the research objective, three phases of research …
Modeling Onsite Wastewater Systems at the Watershed Scale
A User's Guide
Av John McCray, Mengistu Geza m. fl.
Häftad, 2009
1927 kr
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The purpose of this User’s Guide is to provide guidance on modeling watershed-scale problems associated with decentralized wastewater-treatment systems (DWTS), with a particular focus on onsite wastewater systems (OWS). The guide focuses on modeling transport and fate of the nutrients nitrogen (N) …
Contributions of Household Chemicals to Sewage and Their Relevance to Municipal Wastewater Systems and the Environment
Av Jörg E. Drewes, Shane A. Snyder
Häftad, 2009
1927 kr
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Of the total number of consumer product chemicals the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has identified, approximately 500 are considered high production volume (HPV) chemicals. This study investigated the occurrence and fate of high production volume household chemicals in wastewater systems. …
Diagnostic Tools to Evaluate Impacts of Trace Organic Compounds
Häftad, 2011
1866 kr
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With the recent advent of improved analytical and biomarker detection capabilities, a variety of organic chemicals have been found in trace amounts (Trace Organic Chemicals, TOrCs) in surface waters and fish tissue. TOrCs include pharmaceuticals, personal care products, surfactants, pesticides, …
Evaluation of GHG Emissions from Septic Systems
Av Harold Leverenz, George Tchobanoglous m. fl.
Häftad, 2011
1927 kr
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The emission rates of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from individual onsite septic systems used for the management of domestic wastewater were determined in this study. A static flux chamber method was used to determine the emission rates of methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide gases from eight …
Nutrient Management
Regulatory Approaches to Protect Water Quality
Av David Clark
Häftad, 2010
1912 kr
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Utilities work with regulators to treat wastewater to levels that protect human health and ecosystems. Water quality criteria and permits are based on scientifically defensible and shared understanding of sources of pollutants in a watershed, as well as treatment capabilities and costs to control …
Cyanide Formation and Fate in Complex Effluents and its Relation to Water Quality Criteria
Häftad, 2004
1927 kr
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Cyanide occurs in many industrial and municipal wastewaters and is often an expected constituent of typical treatment plant wastewater streams. However, a growing number of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across the USA have detected cyanide in cholorinated effluents at levels exceeding …
Ultrasonic Destruction of Surfactants
Application to Industrial Wastewaters
Av L. Weavers, J. Frim m. fl.
Häftad, 2003
1866 kr
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This research focused on the use of sonication to destroy surfactants and surface tension properties in industrial wastewaters that affect traditional water treatment processes. We have investigated the sonochemical destruction of surfactants and a chelating agent to understand the release of …
Developing Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Mercury
A Probabalistic Site-Specific Approach
Av D. R. J. Moore, A. Pawlisz m. fl.
Häftad, 2003
1885 kr
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This project examined the development of ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) for the protection of wildlife for mercury. Mercury is considered a serious risk to wildlife in many areas. As a result, the Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative and others have developed AWQC. These AWQC have been …
Impact of Surface Storage on Reclaimed Water
Seasonal and Long Term
Av G. Miller, E. Quinlan
Häftad, 2003
1927 kr
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The objectives of this project were to develop (1) a better understanding of the effects of storage on reclaimed water quality, (2) a methodology to help understand/predict water quality changes during storage, and (3) effective management tools for minimizing water quality problems. The research …
Technical Approaches for Setting Site-Specific Nutrient Criteria
Av W. J. Warren-Hicks, B. Parkhurst m. fl.
Häftad, 2005
1927 kr
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The purpose of this project was to develop a methodology for deriving site-specific nutrient criteria (SSNC) for surface waters, including streams and rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and coastal estuaries. The methodology was developed to extend the United States Environmental Protection Agency's …
Efficient Redundancy Design Practices
Av T. M. Palmer
Häftad, 2003
1927 kr
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The design of wastewater treatment plants with redundancy to assure a quality end product may be in conflict with efforts to assure effectiveness. Redundancy of major system components is to assure compliance with regulations and protection of the environment and the health and safety of the public …
Novel Membrane Process for Autotrophic Denitrification
Av K. Jahan
Häftad, 2003
1927 kr
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Biological denitrification by heterotrophic bacteria is common in the wastewater industry in the U.S. and in drinking water processing in Europe. To facilitate heterotrophic denitrification, organic compounds such as methanol, ethanol and acetic acid are added to provide a carbon source for the …
