Jörg E. Drewes – författare

The identification and quantification of the widespread occurrence of trace organic chemicals at minute concentrations in the aqueous environment impacted by human activities is a result of rapid advances in environmental analytical chemistry. The body of knowledge regarding the characterization, fate and transport of these chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) in the natural water environment and engineered water treatment processes, as well as their toxicity, hasgrown substantially over the last two decades. Recently, the focus in the environmental chemistry community has shifted from these CEC parent compounds to the fate, transport, and toxicity of transformation products, which are generated through abiotic and biotic mechanisms in natural systems andduring engineered advanced water treatment processes.This two-part book focuses on the studies and recent advancements towards the development of more harmonized strategies and workflows using non-target and suspects screening methods, including suitable bioassay approaches to assess the overall relevance of transformation products. Volume I covers the relevance of transformation products and international strategies to manage CECs, new methods for a comprehensive assessment of transformation products, and the fate and transport of transformationproducts in natural systems. This book is ideal for environmental scientists and engineers, particularly chemists, environmental engineers, public health officials, regulators, other chemistry-related professionals, and students.

The pressure on available freshwater resources due to urbanization and climate change impacts is increasing worldwide; so follows the need to explore unconventional resources. Water reuse and desalination are viable options for alternative water supplies, also for regions that had no need to consider these approaches in the past. However, these solutions need to be tailored to local conditions, be balanced against conventional supply options while minimizing any adverse health and environmental impacts. There is increasing interest in developing new planning tools, technological solutions and approaches in this field to foster safe and economically viable water reuse and desalination applications.The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) realized these needs at an early stage and launched the major funding initiative ‘WavE’ (www.bmbf-wave.de/en) in 2016 entitled ‘Future-oriented Technologies and Concepts to Increase Water Availability by Water Reuse and Desalination’ within the framework program ‘Research for Sustainable Development (FONA)’ and the research agenda on Green Economy. WavE is aimed at developing innovative technologies and management concepts to foster a sustainable increase in water availability. The aim is to provide sustainable solutions for national and international applications.This book reports research highlights from comprehensive research projects addressing contemporary approaches to evaluate new technologies and concepts in non-potable water reuse applications, multi-barrier concepts for potable and non-potable reuse applications, concepts for industrial reuse and resource recovery approaches for brine streams, as well as onsite desalination technologies for developing communities.In Focus – a book series that showcases the latest accomplishments in water research. Each book focuses on a specialist area with papers from top experts in the field. It aims to be a vehicle for in-depth understanding and inspire further conversations in the sector.

Membrane treatment of source water of impaired quality by an integrated membrane system (IMS), such as microfiltration (MF) pretreatment followed by RO, represents the industry standard for drinking water augmentation projects. An alternative IMS involving NF membranes and ULPRO membranes in place of conventional RO membranes provides an opportunity for lower pressure/higher flux operating conditions and higher selectivity (e.g., targeting trace organics over monovalent salts).? The purpose of this study was to explore whether nanofiltration (NF) and ultra-low pressure reverse osmosis (ULPRO) membranes can consistently meet potable water quality requirements with respect to total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen, and regulated and unregulated trace organic compounds. The goals were also to determine whether or not operating characteristics of NF and ULPRO membranes (such as flux, fouling/scaling, and cleaning frequencies) are comparable to conventional thin-film composite RO membranes and operating feed pressure requirements are significantly lower than conventional RO.? This work involved the development and validation of a laboratory-scale membrane testing protocol to select viable membranes for pilot- and full-scale operation. This selection protocol balanced operational characteristics with product water quality and allowed for a pre-selection of potentially viable candidate membranes. Membranes considered for selection were characterized as thin-film composite polyamide membranes and included commercially available ULPRO and NF membrane products. Three candidate membranes were selected and each tested using a 70 L/min (18 gpm) membrane pilot skid for at least 1,300 hours on microfiltered feed water at two full-scale facilities. Findings of this study were compiled into a model framework to describe and predict the rejection of organic micropollutants during NF or RO treatment.

Over the past decade, EDCs and PPCPs have become a major issue for drinking water utilities. The public, scientists, and regulators all have begun actively investigating this issue, and utilities are often tasked with addressing and communicating complex and sometime conflicting scientific data. In recent times, many utilities have been faced with difficult requests from the community regarding occurrence, treatment, and health relevance data.? This report serves to provide utilities with summary data useful in addressing these requests. The objective of this project was to develop a concise review on the state of knowledge of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in drinking water so water utilities can communicate with customers and make internal decisions on monitoring and treatment options.? The purpose of the guide was to summarize the history, analytical methods, bioassays, occurrence, health relevance, and communication issues regarding endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals. Literature regarding EDCs and PPCPs in water was evaluated for applicability to drinking water utilities. Suitable data was determined by publication in peer-reviewed literature, data from within the research team and funding agency, and through suggestions from the Project Advisory Committee. It was not feasible, nor particularly useful, to review every chemical that could be considered a suspected EDC or a PPCP. Therefore, a subset of chemicals was chosen that are representative of the subclasses and types of EDCs and PPCPs that are of current scientific and public interest. The wealth of data evaluated was summarized into succinct chapters that provide the key findings of the review, while providing references for those who seek detailed information. ?