Principles of Bone Biology

John P. Bilezikian, MD, the Dorothy L. and Daniel H. Silberberg Professor of Medicine and Professor of Pharmacology at the College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University is Chief of the Division of Endocrinology and Director of the Metabolic Bone Diseases Program at Columbia University Medical Center. Dr. Bilezikian received his undergraduate training at Harvard College and his medical training at the College of Physicians & Surgeons. He completed four years of house staff training (internship, residency and Chief Residency) on the Medical Service at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center. Dr. Bilezikian received his training in Metabolic Bone Diseases and in Endocrinology at the NIH in the Mineral Metabolism Branch under the tutelage of Dr. Gerald Aurbach. Dr. Bilezikian belongs to a number of professional societies including the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, of which he served as President, 1995-1996 and the International Society of Clinical Densitometry, of which he served as President, 1999-2001. He serves on the Board of Governors of the International Osteoporosis Foundation (1998-present) and on its Committee of Scientific Advisors (2001-present). He is Chair of the Endocrine Fellows Foundation. He served as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (2000-2004) and as Senior Associate Editor of the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (2008-2012). He is Executive Advisory Editor of Bone Research (2013-present). His books include Editor-in-Chief of The Parathyroids [1994, 2001, 2014], and co-editor of The Aging Skeleton (1999), Dynamics of Bone and Cartilage Metabolism (1999, 2006), Principles of Bone Biology (1996, 2002, 2008) and Osteoporosis in Men (2010). He served as co-chair of the last three NIH Workshops on Primary Hyperparathyroidism (2002, 2008, 2013). He is the recipient of the Distinguished Physician Award of the Endocrine Society, the Frederic C. Bartter Award of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) for Excellence in Clinical Research and the First Annual Global Leadership Award of the International Society of Clinical Densitometry. In 2009, he received the Gideon A. Rodan Excellence in Mentorship Award from the ASBMR. He received the Laureate Distinguished Educator Award of The Endocrine Society in 2014. In 2014, he was made honorary member of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism. His publications number over 700. Dr. Raisz is Professor of Medicine and Program Director of the General Clinical Research Center at the University of Connecticut Health Center. He has been carrying out laboratory and clinical studies in the field of osteoporosis and bone metabolism for over 40 years. He has mentored a large number of investigators in these areas both here at the University of Connecticut and previously at the University of Rochester School of Medicine. His current studies include an analysis of the effects of estrogen and androgen on the expression of cytokines and growth factors in bone, which is being carried out in both humans and animal models, studies of the role of prostaglandins in bone metabolism using transgenic mice, studies on the effects of progestins on bone turnover in postmenopausal women and tissue culture and animal studies on new antiresorptive and anabolic agents carried out in collaboration with the pharmaceutical industry. Dr. Martin has served on 12 state and national committees and boards, been an international lecturer for nearly 20 years, and his work has been extensively published in a total of 420 original papers, 178 reviews, chapters and editorials, and seven books. He was appointed as Officer of the Order of Australia, elected to fellowships of the Australian Academy and the Royal Society and received 12 prestigious career awards, including the Eric Susman Prize from the Royal Australasian College of Physician. He has had 12 patents granted and held eight international visiting appointments in the United Kingdom, United States, and Switzerland. An outstanding contribution to science includes the cloning of parathyroid hormone related protein.

Praise for the previous edition:"Students, teachers, and practitioners will benefit from reading it, and investigators will use it as a reference work; it will certainly be consulted frequently." --The New England Journal of Medicine

• Part I Basic PrinciplesA. Cell Biology1: Structure, Modeling and Remodeling of Bone / The Size and Shape of Bone as a Site of Metabolic Bone Activity2: Biomechanics of Bone3: Embryonic Development of Bone and the Molecular Regulation of Intramembranous and Endochondral Bone Formation4: Mesenchymal Stem Cells & Osteoblast Lineage5: Transcriptional Control of Osteoblast Differentiation and Function6: Wnt Signaling and Bone7: Sclerostin and Bone8: The Osteocyte9: Cells of Bone: Osteoplast Generation10: Osteoclast Function: Biology and Mechanisms11: RANK Signaling12: Regulating Bone Resorption13: Apoptosis in Bone Cells14: Skeletal Gene Expression in Nuclear MicroenvironmentsB. Biochemistry15: Type I Collagen: Structure, Synthesis, and Regulation16: Collagen Crosslinking & Metabolism17: Bone Matrix Proteoglycans & Glycoproteins18: Osteopontin19: Bone Proteinases20: Integrins and Other Cell Surface Attachment Molecules of Bone Cells21: Intercellular Junctions and Cell-Cell Communication in the Skeletal SystemC. Bone Remodeling and Mineral Homeostasis22: Histomorphometric Analysis of Bone Remodeling23: Phosphorus Homeostasis & Related Disorders24: Magnesium Homeostasis25: Metals in Bone: Aluminum, Boron, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Silicon, & Stro26: Biology of the Extracellular Ca2+-Sensing Receptor D. The Hormones of Bone27: Receptors for Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and PTH-Related Protein28: Parathyroid Hormone - Molecular Biology29: Parathyroid Hormone-Receptor Interactions30: Actions of Parathyroid Hormone on the Vasculature and Cardiovascular System31: The Vascular and Cardiovascular Actions of PTH32: PTH and PTHrP Actions on Kidney and Bone33: Physiological Actions of Parathyroid Hormone and PTH-Related Protein34: Vascular, Cardiovascular and Neurological Actions of Parathyroid-Related Protein35: Vitamin D Nuclear Receptor (VDR) and Plasma Vitamin D-Binding Protein (DBP) Structures and Ligand Shape Preferences for Genomic and Rapid Biological Responses36: Vitamin D Gene Regulation37: Photobiology and Non-Calcemic Actions of Vitamin D38: Calcitonin Structure and Molecular Biology of the Calcitonin Receptor / Calcitonin Gene Family and Receptors: Structure, Molecular Biology, and Effects39: Amylin and Calcitonin Gene-Related PeptideE. Other Systemic Hormones That Influence Bone Metabolism40: Estrogens & Progestins41: The Pharmacology of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators42: Mechanisms of Estrogen Action in Bone43: Thyroid Hormone & Bone44: Clinical and Basic Aspects of Glucocorticoid Action in Bone45: Effects of Diabetetes & Insulin on Bone Physiology46: Androgens:Receptor Expression and Steroid Action in Bone47: Kinins & Neuro-Osteogenic Factors48: Regulation of Bone Remodeling by Central and Peripheral Nervous SignalsPatricia DucyF. Local Regulators49: Insulin-like Growth Factors and the IGF Binding Proteins: Implications for Bone Biology50: Platelet-Derived Growth Factor & the Skeleton51: Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) and FGF Receptor Families in Bone52: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Osteogenic-Angiogenic Coupling53: Transforming Growth Factor-â54: Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and the Skeleton55: Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors & Actions56: Colony-Stimulating Factor-157: Local Regulators of Bone: IL-1, TNF, Lymphotoxin, Interferon-?, IL-8, IL-10, IL-4, the LIF/IL-6 Family, and Additional Cytokines58: Prostaglandins & Bone MetabolismCarol PilbeamPart II Molecular Mechanisms of Metabolic Bone Disease59: Skeletal Effects of Nitric Oxide: Novel Agent for Osteoporosis60: Molecular Basis of PTH Overexpression61: Familial Benign Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia and Neonatal Primary Hyperparathyroidism62: Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type I63: Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide and Other Systemic Factors in Skeletal Manifestations of Malignancy64: Local Factors in Skeletal Malignancy65: Genetic Regulation of the Parathyroid Gland Development66: Jansen's Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia & Blomstrand's Lethal Chondrodysplasia: Two Genetic Disorders Caused by PTH/PTHrP Receptor Mutations67: Diseases Resulting from Defects in the G Protein Gs68: Renal Osteodystrophy – Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Options69: Osteogenesis Imperfecta70: Hereditary Deficiencies in Vitamin D Action71: Oncogenic Osteomalacia72: Osteopetrosis73: Hypophosphatasia: Nature's Window on Alkaline Phosphatase Function in Humans74: Paget's Disease of Bone75: Genetic Determinants of Bone Mass and Osteoporotic Fracture76: Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis77: Evaluation of Risk for Osteoporosis FracturePart III Pharmacological Mechanisms of Therapeutics78: Parathyroid Hormone79: Calcium80: Drugs Acting on the Calcium Receptor Calcimimetics and Calcilytics81: Bisphosphonates: Mechanisms of Action82: The Pharmacology of Estrogens in Osteoporosis83: Vitamin D & Analogs84: Estrogen Effects on Bone in the Male Skeleton85: Mechanisms of Exercise Effects on Bone Quantity and QualityPart IV Methods in Bone Research86: Application of Transgenic Mice to Problems of Skeletal Bone87: Biochemical Markers of Bone Metabolism88: Methods and Clinical Issues in Bone Densitometry89: Controversial Issues in Bone Densitometry90: Macro and Micro Imaging of Bone Architecture