Embracing Modern C++ Safely

Dr. John Lakos is a senior architect and mentor for software development at Bloomberg LP, where he created the BDE team (c. 2001), which maintains Bloomberg's open-source foundation libraries for C++ development worldwide. He is the author of Large-Scale C++ Software Design and Large-Scale C++ Volume I: Process and Architecture (both from Addison-Wesley), and is an active voting member of the C++ Standards Committee. Vittorio Romeo is a senior software engineer at Bloomberg, building mission-critical C++ middleware and training colleagues on modern C++. He is also the creator of many open-source C++ libraries and games. Dr. Rostislav Khlebnikov is a team lead and senior software engineer in Bloomberg's BDE team, where he directs the development of high-performance C++ foundation software. Alisdair Meredith is a senior software engineer in Bloomberg's BDE team and a long-standing member of the C++ Standards Committee, where he was the Chair of its Library Working Group between 2010 and 2015.

• Foreword by Shawn Edwards xiiiForeword by Andrei Alexandrescu xvAcknowledgments xixAbout the Authors xxvChapter 0: Introduction 1 What Makes This Book Different 1Scope for the First Edition 2The EMC++S Guiding Principles 3What Do We Mean by Safely? 4A Safe Feature 5A Conditionally Safe Feature 5An Unsafe Feature 6Modern C++ Feature Catalog 6How to Use This Book 8Chapter 1: Safe Features 11 1.1 C++11 11Attribute Syntax | Generalized Attribute Support 12Consecutive >s | Consecutive Right-Angle Brackets 21decltype | Operator for Extracting Expression Types 25Defaulted Functions | Using = default for Special Member Functions 33Delegating Ctors | Constructors Calling Other Constructors 46Deleted Functions | Using = delete for Arbitrary Functions 53explicit Operators | Explicit Conversion Operators 61Function static '11 | Thread-Safe Function-Scope static Variables 68Local Types '11 | Local/Unnamed Types as Template Arguments 83long long | The long long (≥64 bits) Integral Type 89noreturn | The [[noreturn]] Attribute 95nullptr | The Null-Pointer-Literal Keyword 99override | The override Member-Function Specifier 104Raw String Literals | Syntax for Unprocessed String Contents 108static_assert | Compile-Time Assertions 115Trailing Return | Trailing Function Return Types 124Unicode Literals | Unicode String Literals 129using Aliases | Type/Template Aliases (Extended typedef) 1331.2 C++14 138Aggregate Init '14 | Aggregates Having Default Member Initializers 138Binary Literals | Binary Literals: The 0b Prefix 142deprecated | The [[deprecated]] Attribute 147Digit Separators | The Digit Separator (') 152Variable Templates | Templated Variable Declarations/Definitions 157Chapter 2: Conditionally Safe Features 167 2.1 C++11 167alignas | The alignas Specifier 168alignof | The alignof Operator 184auto Variables | Variables of Automatically Deduced Type 195Braced Init | Braced-Initialization Syntax: {} 215constexpr Functions | Compile-Time Invocable Functions 257constexpr Variables | Compile-Time Accessible Variables 302Default Member Init | Default class/union Member Initializers 318enum class | Strongly Typed, Scoped Enumerations 332extern template | Explicit-Instantiation Declarations 353Forwarding References | Forwarding References (T&&) 377Generalized PODs '11 | Trivial and Standard-Layout Types 401Inheriting Ctors | Inheriting Base-Class Constructors 535initializer_list | List Initialization: std::initializer_list 553Lambdas | Anonymous Function Objects (Closures) 573noexcept Operator | Asking if an Expression Cannot throw 615Opaque enums | Opaque Enumeration Declarations 660Range for | Range-Based for Loops 679Rvalue References | Move Semantics and Rvalue References (&&) 710Underlying Type '11 | Explicit Enumeration Underlying Type 829User-Defined Literals | User-Defined Literal Operators 835Variadic Templates | Variable-Argument-Count Templates 8732.2 C++14 958constexpr Functions '14 | Relaxed Restrictions on constexpr Functions 959Generic Lambdas | Lambdas Having a Templated Call Operator 968Lambda Captures | Lambda-Capture Expressions 986Chapter 3: Unsafe Features 997 3.1 C++11 997carries_dependency | The [[carries_dependency]] Attribute 998final | Prohibiting Overriding and Derivation 1007friend '11 | Extended friend Declarations 1031inline namespace | Transparently Nested Namespaces 1055noexcept Specifier | The noexcept Function Specification 1085Ref-Qualifiers | Reference-Qualified Member Functions 1153union '11 | Unions Having Non-Trivial Members 11743.2 C++14 1182auto Return | Function (auto) Return-Type Deduction 1182decltype(auto) | Deducing Types Using decltype Semantics 1205Afterword: Looking Back and Looking Forward 1215 Glossary 1217Bibliography 1281Index 1305