Clinical Mental Health Counseling

J. Scott Young, Ph.D., NCC, LPC is Professor and Chair of the Department of Counseling and Educational Development at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. His leadership in the field has included service as past-president of the Association for Spiritual Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling, as a member of the Governing Council and Executive Committee for the American Counseling Association. He has served as an editorial board member for numerous journals including the Journal of Counseling and Development, Counseling and Values and Counselor Education and Supervision. He is co-editor of the book Integrating Spirituality into Counseling: A Guide to Competent Practice and the text Counseling Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Single Subject Design. He has published numerous articles on the interface of clinical practice with spirituality and religion. Awards Dr. Young as received awards including ACA Fellow, the Meritorious Service Award from the Association for Spiritual, Ethical, & Religious Values, the Alumni Excellence Awarded from the Department of Counseling and Educational Development and UNCG and the Administrator of the Year from the North Carolina Counseling Association.  Craig S. Cashwell, Ph.D., LPC, NCC, ACS, CSAT-S is Professor in the Department of Counseling and Educational Development at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG). He has served as President of Chi Sigma Iota International,  ASERVIC President, CACREP Board Chair, and ACES representative to the ACA Governing Council. Craig has received numerous awards, including the CSI International Thomas J. Sweeney Professional Leadership Award, the American Counseling Association David K. Brooks Distinguished Mentor Award, and the Association for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling (ASERVIC) Lifetime Service Award. In 2011, Craig received designation as an ACA Fellow.  He has over 125 publications and has received multiple research awards, including an ACA Best Practices Award, and twice being the recipient of the Association for Counselor Education and Supervision Outstanding Counselor Education and Supervision Article Award. Craig values mentoring relationships and has been recognized with mentoring awards from the UNCG Graduate School, the North Carolina Counseling Association, and the Conference of Southern Graduate Schools. Additionally, he has been recognized with a UNCG School of Education Teaching Excellence Award.

"Having gathered a plethora of established experts in the field of mental health counseling, the editors packed this book with content that will meet or exceed the curricular needs of any graduate counseling course; ‘comprehensive’ is an understatement!"

• PrefaceAbout the Editors and ContributorsSECTION I FRAMEWORK OF CLINICAL MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELING1 History and Evolution of Clinical Mental Health Counseling - Kerrie K. Fuenfhausen, Scott Young, Craig Cashwell, and Muthoni MusangaliFoundational Principles of CounselingWellness Model of Mental HealthDevelopmental PerspectivePrevention and Early InterventionEmpowermentMulticultural WorldviewHistory of CMH CounselingHistorical InfluencesProfessional Practice in CMH CounselingProfessional IdentityQualificationsModels of ChangeRoles and Functions of CMH CounselorsCMH Counselor FunctionsCMH Counselor RolesPopulations ServedCase StudyReferences2 Legal and Ethical Issues 31 - Jamie CrockettWhat Is Professional Conduct?Consult, Consult, Consult!Moral PrinciplesProfessional Standards for Ethical PracticeLegal ConsiderationsLegal and Ethical ChallengesEthical Decision MakingMulticultural and Social Justice ConsiderationsCase StudiesSelect Resources for Ethical and Legal CMH Counseling PracticeReferences3 Advocacy and Social Justice - Catherine Y. Chang, Simone Lambert, and Emily Goodman-ScottThe Case of YolandaEcological ViewCase Study DiscussionUnderstanding Advocacy and Social JusticeCase StudyMulticultural Competence and Culturally Responsive CMH CounselingCase Study DiscussionSocial Injustice and Mental HealthPrivilege and OppressionPrivilegeOppressionRacism and SexismRacismCase Study DiscussionSexismCase Study DiscussionAdvocacy and Social Justice CounselingClient AdvocacyCase Study DiscussionProfessional AdvocacyCase Study DiscussionGlobal Perspectives on CounselingConclusionReferences4 Continuum of Care - Amy BannerContinuum of Care: One Size Does Not Fit AllModalities of the CMH Counseling Continuum of CareIndividual CounselingGroup CounselingCouple and Family CounselingHistory of the CMH Counseling Continuum of CareEthical and Developmental Aspects of the CMH Counseling Continuum of CareServices, Settings, and Roles Across the CMH Counseling Continuum of CarePrevention and Education ServicesOutpatient ServicesIn-Home ServicesPartial Hospitalization Programs (PHPs) and Intensive Outpatient (IOP) ServicesInpatient ServicesResidential ServicesAftercareCrisis and Emergency ServicesProfessional Issues Affecting the CMH Counseling Continuum of CareCase StudyReferencesSECTION II PROCESSES AND PROCEDURES OF CLINICAL MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELING5 Assessing Client Concerns - Casey Barrio-MintonAssessment FoundationsPurposes and Methods of AssessmentClinical, Intake, and Diagnostic InterviewingTypes of InterviewsInitial or Intake InterviewUnstandardized Questionnaires and ChecklistsMental Status ExaminationsMini–Mental State ExamUsing Standardized Tests and Inventories to Inform CounselingBroad-Symptom InventoriesSpecific-Symptom InventoriesStructured Personality InventoriesProjective TechniquesQualitative AssessmentCollateral SourcesScreening for High-Risk SituationsGeneral Medical ConditionsSuicide RiskViolence RiskIntimate Partner Violence and AbuseSubstance ConcernsCultural Bias in AssessmentUsing Assessment to Inform CounselingCase StudyReferencesAppendix: Current Concerns Questionnaire and Checklist (Adult)6 Diagnosis - Gary GintnerPsychopathology and EtiologyMental Health and Mental IllnessDimensions of PsychopathologyEtiological Factors and the Biopsychosocial ModelDiagnostic Issues With the DSMDSM: A Look BackwardDSM-5Diagnostic Process: Four Guiding PrinciplesPrinciple 1: Check the Adequacy of Your InformationPrinciple 2: Use Diagnostic Hierarchies for Differential DiagnosisPrinciple 3: Resolve Diagnostic Uncertainty by Examining the Usual SuspectsPrinciple 4: Your Diagnosis Is a Hypothesis That May Need CorrectingCase StudyReferences7 Treatment Planning - Daniel M. Paredes and Maria A. Brunelli ParedesDetermining Client Needs and Appropriate ServicesCase of TaraFrom Conceptualization to Treatment PlanningPersonal StyleCounselor Theoretical FrameworkExpectations of the Counselor’s Work SettingDeveloping and Implementing Treatment PlansTreatment GoalsCase of Joseph and SophiaTreatment ObjectivesTreatment InterventionsAdditional Treatment Plan ComponentsReferral, Keeping a Resource List, and ApplicationKeeping a Resource ListApplicationCase of EmilyTermination Versus MaintenanceTreatment Planning and Special PopulationsTreatment Planning With Children and AdolescentsTreatment Planning With Mandated ClientsCase StudyReferences8 Psychiatry and Psychopharmacology - Todd Lewis and John CulbrethBrain Physiology, Neurotransmitters, and Medication: A Basic OverviewMechanisms of ActionWhy Use Medication in the Treatment of Mental Disorders?Controversy in Using Medication in the Treatment of Mental DisordersThe Mental Health Counselor’s DilemmaClasses of Psychotropic Medications, Their Effects, and Side EffectsAntidepressant MedicationsAntianxiety MedicationsAntipsychotic MedicationsBipolar MedicationsWorking Effectively With PsychiatristsMaking Medication ReferralsMedication ComplianceAssessing and Managing Side EffectsWorking Effectively With Clients and MedicationTalking to Clients About MedicationMedication AdvocacyLegal and Ethical Issues With PsychopharmacologyCase StudyReferences9 Managed Care, Billing, and Documentation - Laura Welfare, Paige Greason, and Keith MobleyManaged CareManaged Care Laws and LegislationHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)HIPAA Privacy RuleHIPAA Security RuleHIPAA EnforcementMental Health Parity and Addiction Equity ActAffordable Care ActManaged Care: Becoming an Approved ProviderInsurance: Private and Public PayersPrivate InsuranceGovernment-Sponsored InsuranceSelf-Pay and Other MeansMaintaining RecordsImportance of PaperworkAdministrative and Clinical Documentation PracticesClinical Documentation PracticesIntake Assessment FormsScreening and Outcome MeasuresClinical Case NotesConclusionCase Study 1: Navigating Insurance CoverageCase Study 2: Writing Eff ective Case NotesReferencesAppendix: Personal History and Intake Form10 Crisis Management and Disaster Relief - Amber L. Pope and Allison Marsh PowDifferentiating Crisis Management and Disaster ReliefCrisis ManagementWhat Is a Crisis?Crisis CounselingRange of Individual CrisesPrinciples of Crisis ManagementCrisis Management PlanningEmergency and Disaster ReliefImpact of Crises and DisastersFactors Influencing Mental Health After an Emergency or DisasterGroups at RiskEmergency and Disaster ResponseImmediate InterventionsIntermediate and Long-Term InterventionsDisaster Mental Health TrainingImpact of Crisis Counseling and Disaster Relief Work on CMH CounselorsCase Study 1: Crisis ManagementCase Study 2: Disaster Mental HealthReferencesSECTION III MAXIMIZING YOUR EFFECTIVENESS AS A CLINICAL MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELOR11 The Importance of Clinical Supervision to Effective Practice - DiAnne BordersModels of Clinical SupervisionDevelopmental ModelsDiscrimination ModelPeer ModelsGroup Supervision ModelsTriadic SupervisionMaximizing Your Supervision ExperiencePractice Self-Assessment and Create Learning GoalsPrepare for SupervisionTake RisksPractice Self-ReflectionConsider Power and Authority; Evaluation and FeedbackPractice Peer Feedback in Triadic and Group SupervisionBring Difficult Topics to SupervisionPoor SupervisionConclusionCase StudyReferences12 Wellness, Self-Care, and Burnout Prevention - Gerard Lawson and Jennifer M. CookCMH Counseling Risks and ChallengesHigh-Touch HazardsBurnoutWhat Burnout Looks LikeBurnout PreventionVicarious TraumatizationSymptoms and Signs of Vicarious TraumaAddressing Vicarious TraumaCompassion FatigueCompassion Fatigue DescribedContributing Factors to Compassion FatigueIdentifying Compassion FatigueCounselor WellnessMindfulnessMindfulness DefinedBalanceCareer-Sustaining BehaviorsHealthy HabitsCase StudyReferences13 Using Research to Improve Clinical Practice - Kelly L. Wester and Tamarine ForemanResearch Defined and DescribedWays of KnowingEvidence-Based PracticeScientist-Practitioner ModelCase StudyStep 1: Assess the ClientStep 2: Create a Well-Formulated QuestionStep 3: Conduct a Search for EvidenceStep 4: Select and Access Articles to ReadStep 5: Evaluate and Appraise the Quality of ResearchStep 6: Synthesize InformationStep 7: Clinical ApplicationStep 8: EvaluationConclusionReferencesSECTION IV CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS IN CLINICAL MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE14 The Applications of Neuroscience to Clinical Mental Health Counseling - Jane E. Myers and Laura JonesNeuroscience in CounselingNeural AnatomyNeuroscience and the Therapeutic RelationshipTherapeutic Process and NeuroplasticityNeurofeedback: One Application of Neuroscience in PracticeWhat Is Neurofeedback and How Does It Work?Case StudyConclusionReferences15 Emerging Approaches to Clinical Mental Health Counseling - Amanda L. Giordano, Philip B. Clarke, Cheryl L. Fulton, and Tammy H. CashwellMotivational InterviewingThe Basics of MISupport for MIMI in PracticeCase StudyEmotionally Focused Couple TherapyThe Basics of EFTStage 1: Deescalation of Negative Cycles of InteractionStage 2: Changing Interactional PositionsStage 3: Consolidation and IntegrationSupport for EFTEFT in PracticeCase StudyDialectical Behavior TherapyThe Basics of DBTSupport for DBTDBT in PracticeCase StudyInterpersonal PsychotherapyThe Basics of IPTSupport for IPTIPT in PracticeCase StudyTrauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT)The Basics of TF-CBTSupport for TF-CBTTF-CBT in PracticeCase StudyMindfulnessThe Basics of MindfulnessSupport for MindfulnessMindfulness in PracticeCase StudyAcceptance and Commitment TherapyThe Basics of ACTSupport for ACTACT in PracticeCase StudySpirituality in CounselingThe Basics of Spirituality in CounselingSupport for Spirituality in CounselingSpirituality in Counseling in PracticeCase StudyConclusionReferencesIndex