These comprehensive analyses using mitochondrial DNA-based dating suggest that carabid diversification took place about 40 to 50 million years ago as an explosive radiation of the major genera, coinciding with the collision of the Indian subcontinent and Eurasian land mass.
1 Background of the Molecular Phylogenetic Studies of the Carabid Ground Beetles.- 2 Collection of the Specimens from the World.- 3 Molecular Phylogenetic Tree.- 4 Phylogeny and Distribution of the Subfamily Carabinae.- 5 Molecular Phylogeny of the Carabinae.- 6 Formation of the Japanese Carabina Fauna.- 7 Detailed Exposition of the Japanese Carabina Species.- 8 Pattern of Diversification: Evolutionary Discontinuity.- 9 Phylogeny and Taxonomy: Reorganization of the Subfamily Carabinae Based on Molecular Phylogeny.- References.- Taxonomic Index.- Name Index.