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As a major text in igneous petrology, this innovative book offers a much-needed, radically different approach to the study of igneous rocks. Bridging a long-recognized gap in the literature by providing petrogenic models for magmatismin terms of global tectonic processes, it encompasses geophysics and geochemistry in a comprehensive treatment of the subject.Most textbooks in igneous petrology have intended to avoid discussion of potentially controversial petrogenetic models. However, this is precisely the sort of information senior students of igneous petrology require. Dr Wilson has drawn on 15 years of research and 10 years of teaching experience in writing an account of what is now a well established understanding of the processes involved in environments of magma generation. She provides full discussions of the major-element, trace-element, and radiogenic isotope characteristics of magmas generated in different tectonic settings and she deals with the information derived from such data concerning magma source regions and their ascent trough the Earth's lithosphere. Additionally each chapter contains a summary of geophysical data relating to crustal and mantle structure and the location of magma reservoirs.The modular format of the book will facilitate its use by all students, researchers and professionals with an interest in igneous petrology. A basic knowledge of geochemistry, mineralogy, phase diagrams, regional geology and global tectonics is assumed, but such advanced topics as trace element and isotope geochemistry can be omitted initially if the reader's background is inappropriate. The text is profusely illustrated and the bibliography contains over 1000 carefully selected references.Marge Wilson graduated in geology at the University of Oxford. She then spent a year at the University of California, Berkeley, and subsequently studied the petrogenesis of nepheline syenites from the Gardar province of Greenland, leading to a PhD from the University of Leeds. Her research has focused on island-arc, oceanic-island and intra-continental plate tectonic settings.

Over the last decade many goldsmiths and jewellery designers have been inspired by jewellery of the ancient world, and have drawn upon classical loop-in-loop chains to create contemporary jewellery designs. This manual describes and illustrates procedures for making a variety of chains based on ancient loop-in-loop techniques. The illustrations by the author guide the reader, with a previous knowledge of the basics of goldsmithing, through the procedures of making these chains without assistance.

This title should fulfill the needs of engineers and technicians who specify, procure, design, develop, test, manufacture, operate and service tubes, power supply/modulators and complete transmitters for radar, ECM and communications and broadcast systems. The material in the book is also applicable to microwave transmitters for scientific applications. "Microwave Tube Transmitters" provides a concentration of relevant material and references. This book should be of interest to engineers and researchers in microwave technology.

Providing the researcher with the methodology appropriate to field experiments and useful analytical techniques this book includes both measurements of the environment itself and of the physiological and morphological responses of plants to this. In some cases, for example stable isotope measurements and investigations are performed in the laboratory on samples collected under field conditions, while other chapters cover analytical techniques for use in the field. Many techniques reviewed are based around the central theme of the acquisition of resources such as carbon, light, water and nutrients, and the use of these resources for plant growth. Methods for estimating some of the costs of allocation of these resources to particular functions are also covered. A methodological framework is provided for extending from organ level measurements to whole plants on root system and canopy structure, and to ecosystem level processes.

The first edition of this unique book established itself as an unparalleled source of information on perfume. Although it is primarily aimed at perfumers and others in the perfume industry, it has also found substantial sales among a wide range of others including aromatherapists, botanists, and many others who wanted to learn more about this faceted subject. The new edition is now aimed squarely at perfumery marketing specialists and others in the industry world-wide and covers in particular the needs of publicity/advertising teams and journalists, together with sales people and consultants at the counters who like to have a wide range of information at their fingertips. Changes include: an expansion of the number of profiles of the perfume houses, and of the 50 or so new perfumes worthy of record which have been launched since the previous edition. There is also increased coverage of the essences and the plants and other material from which they are derived. Coverage of perfume containers is substantially expanded and linked to other parts of the book.

This book provides the economic model for world shipping, as well as that for economic modelling of a sector. The book blends an analysis of the history of shipping with practical statistical techniques making this an invaluable mathematical model. This book should be of interest to both specialists in econometrics and any economists and others doing courses in maritime studies.

Process analytical chemistry (PAC) can be defined as the technology of obtaining quantitative and qualitative information about a chemical process in order to control or optimize its performance. This practical book provides an up-to-date introduction to the field with a special emphasis placed on industrial processes. This state-of-the-art introduction to the subject should serve as reading for a broad range of scientists and engineers educated in the physical sciences, including analytical chemists, production managers, chemical engineers, process development chemists, control and electrical engineers, and project/design engineers. Students and lecturers in the academic and research community should find the book useful as a source of reference.

Focuses on the similarities of four types of electric machines: the synchronous machine, the transformer, the dc machine, and the induction machine. This edition includes a chapter on electric machines for special applications. It moves logically from analysis of the machines to the solution of practical machine problems. A thorough discussion of the methods used for testing the machines is also provided. The book explores the design, construction, and operating characteristics of the electric devices used in the transformation to and from electric energy. Opening with a discussion of how mankind has successfully harnessed the energy of wind, water, sun, nuclear fission, in order to make life comfortable, it explores some of the consequences of this activity on the environment. The book then proceeds to address the basic physics of energy and its conversion. Other features of the book include an examination of the basics of charge, capacitance, current, Ohm's Law as well as magnetic fields, inductance, inductive coupling, and ferromagnetism.This book should be of interest to electrical and electronic engineers; electrical technicians, supervisors and related personnel; mechanical engineers and machine/tool engineers and designers; and design engineers.

In recent years the importance of extruded alloys has increased due to the decline in copper extrusion, increased use in structural applications, environmental impact and reduced energy consumption. There have also been huge technical advances. This text provides comprehensive coverage of the metallurgical, mathematical and practical features of the process.

The contribution of bacteriophages to the development of modern biology cannot be overestimated yet, sixty years after their discovery, they are as remote and mysterious to many scientists as they are to most laymen. This book endeavours to remedy the situation: an attempt has been made to provide, in readily comprehensible form, a nucleus of information essential to anyone embarking on the study of bacteriophages or using them in their work for the first time. It shows the range of bacteriophage structure and behaviour; it illustrates the role of bacteriophage in molecular biology; it surveys the current state of the art; it presents the medical and industrial aspects. Some simple experimental procedures are given in sufficient detail for the beginner to attempt them successfully. Other, more sophisticated pro- cedures are presented so as to impart a feeling of intimate reality without dazzling the reader with technical complexity. I hope that young readers will forgive me for assuming that they have some knowledge of bacteria, nucleic acids, antibodies and isotopes. Likewise I would ask mature workers to excuse the omission of cherished specialities.To have included all these, valuable though they are, might have put this book beyond the re ach of the phage-novices for whom it is intended. Specific references, save a few of particular interest, have been omitted. Other books on bacteriophage v vi BACTERIOPHAGES provide them in abundance.

During the many years of its publication and subsequent revisions, Paul Jellinek's book has been the standard work on its subject. This new edition, translated into English for the first time, was conceived in response to the increased interest in recent years in perfumes and the sense of smell. This interest has come not only from within the highly competitive perfumery industry, but also from psychologists and market researchers. The original text has impressively withstood the test of time and the approach of this new book has been to supplement it with chapters that are now of critical importance, but which were only touched upon in the original book. A market researcher looks at why people use perfumes; a psychologist examines the motivation of perfume choice; another psychologist discusses odours and a perfumer looks at the effects of odours on human experience and behaviour. In the final chapter the editor compares the original author's views with those of today's experts and suggests which aspects are still valid and in what areas divergent views now prevail. This book is written principally to provide a scientific basis to the craft of perfumery and to enable formulators and marketeers to understand why the smells they create and sell have the effect they do. It allows a systematic approach to the development of these products. Others outside the industry, including psychologists in academia, will find the book an essential reference source.

This comprehensive volume provides an overview of the rapidly expanding field of intelligent computers, explaining what a 'smart' robot is, how it is selected and what must be done to operate such a system. It is designed to help the reader develop an understanding of the industrial applications of smart robots as well as the new technological developments and future trends. This book should be of interest to computer scientists and engineers.

The Apple Macintosh Encyclopedia provides easily accessible, brief and understandable information on the topics that you are most likely to have questions about. We have carefully digested the manuals, books, magazine articles, and other information sources for the Macintosh. These, combined with our own experience in using the Macintosh and other personal computers, have been integrated into an alphabetical sequence of short entries in the style of an encyclopedia. The goal is to provide concise, useful and easy-to-understand information on a particular topic that is quickly accessible when you need it. Much of the information in the entries is not contained in the manuals provided with the Macintosh and various software products. For example, notice the discussion, under WIDTH, of the "deferred" nature of this command when used with a device name, the discussion of the colon (:) in Multiplan for ranges, or Saving, Problems With. These topics are omitted or inadequately covered in the standard manuals. The Macintosh is the first truly visual computer. In keeping with the highly visual nature of using the Macintosh, we have provided over 100 illustrations. Each shows exactly what you will see on the screen when exploring topics discussed in the text. The Macintosh Encyclopedia opens with a visual guide to icons, and remains highly visual in orientation throughout the text.

Most of us do not realize that we are living in revolutionary times. To a large degree, we are in a time of massive economic and industrial change, and perhaps history will one day record this era as the Second Industrial Revolution. Certainly we have been made aware of the decline of "smoke­ stack industries" and of the rapid rise of what might be called the "infor­ mation industries" in the United States and, presumably, in most of the western world. Several best-selling authors have assured us that we must change or perish, and a great many industrialists appear to agree. Ironically, we have also been all but promised a return to a modern form of that very cottage industry economy that the first Industrial Revolution wiped out: Some of our leading savants envision individuals working at home on desktop computers, connected via hardwire (telephone) to an employer's large, central computer. Will this come to pass? Perhaps; the industrial/economic indicators appear to point in that direction, although there are the problems of numerous laws and regulations -labor laws and OSHA laws, to name only two areas, and ignoring for the moment the reaction of our labor unions - that would be most difficult to reconcile with such an arrangement. In a sense, it is the computer that has brought about this condition.

This is a comprehensive handbook on the relationship of air pollution to incineration. Incineration is becoming the predominant method of dealing with many of our waste products and its most significant envi­ ronmental impact is on the air. This book includes information on emissions as well as on equipment design. Two chapters deal with the regulations governing incinerator emissions as well as the thermal destruction of hazardous wastes. Four chapters describe the nature of the emissions generated by the incin­ eration process. These particulate, gaseous, and odor emissions, are hazardous as well as deleterious to public well-being and aesthetics. Also included is a complete and timely discussion of dioxin generation and discharges. Three chapters describe the incineration equipment in general use today and methods of calculating gas flows and air discharges from these systems. Five chapters discuss the types of gas cleaning equipment available with sizing information and expected efficiencies. The nature of the gas cleaning process is discussed in detail. Criteria for selection of the opti­ mum system for a particular application is also included. The dispersion of an atmospheric discharge to the surrounding areas and/or communities is a vital concern in assessing the nature of that discharge and its impact, or potential hazards. A chapter is devoted to a relative simple method of estimating atmospheric dispersion.

This book should be of interest to students and practitioners of materials science, production engineering, and engineering and design.

This book should be of interest to designers and procirers of automated systems in all engineering fields (electrical, mechanical, optical and automotive engineering).

The Apple / / series of computers represents one of the most versatile and powerful home computers available. If you've used your computer for a while, you've probably become quite familiar with Applesoft BASIC. That's good, because once you know that, this book will show you how to graduate from BASIC programming to assembly language programming. There are many reasons to program your Apple in assembly language. First and foremost is speed. Assembly language is about 100 times faster than BASIC. If you're thinking of writing games or business programs that do sorting, speed is of the essence and assembly language is a must. Assembly language programs usually also require less memory. Thus you can squeeze more complex programs into a smaller amount of memory. Finally, assembly language programs offer you a considerable amount of security, because they are more difficult to trace and change. While assembly language is powerful, it doesn't have to be difficult to learn. In fact, if you can write programs in Applesoft BASIC, you're already half-way home. This book assumes you know BASIC and absolutely nothing about assembly language or machine language. Every effort has been made to write in nontechnical language and to set the chapters out in a logical manner, introducing new concepts in digestible pieces as and when they are needed, rather than devoting whole chapters to specific items.

Manufacturing has entered the early stages of a revolutionary period caused by the convergence of three powerful trends: • The rapid advancement and spread of manufacturing capabilities worldwide has created intense competition on a global scale. • The emergence of advanced manufacturing technologies is dramati­ cally changing both the products and processes of modern manufac­ turing. • Changes in traditional management and labor practices, organiza­ tional structures, and decision-making criteria represent new sources of competitiveness and introduce new strategic opportunities. These trends are interrelated and their effects are already being felt by the u.s. manufacturing community. Future competitiveness for manu­ facturers worldwide will depend on their response to these trends. Based on the recent performance of u.s. manufacturers, efforts to respond to the challenges posed by new competition, technology, and managerial opportunities have been slow and inadequate. Domestic markets that were once secure have been assailed by a growing number of foreign competitors producing high quality goods at low prices. In a number of areas, such as employment, capacity utilization, research and development expenditures, and capital investment, trends in u.s. manufacturing over the last decade have been unfavorable or have not kept pace with major foreign competitors, such as Japan. There is substantial evidence that many u.s. manufacturers have neglected the manufacturing function, have overemphasized product development at the expense of process improvements, and have not begun to make the adjustments that will be necessary to be competitive.

"Evolutionary Perspectives in Chemical Ecology" provides a comprehensive view of insect chemical ecology from an evolutionary perspective, showing how natural selection acts upon interacting organisms and how particular physical and biological properties of chemical compounds act as constraints upon which natural selection may operate. Individual chapters raise specific questions as to the nature of these interactions. The first part contains reviews on antagonistic and mutualistic chemical interactions, the "raw materials" of defensive chemicals and neurobiology. The second part discusses particular problems such as the evolution of resistance, insect pollination, learning, pheromones, sequestration of semiochemicals, the role of microorganisms, sex attractants, the evolution of host races and biotypes, and the role of semiochemicals and the evolution of sociality of insects. The last chapter discusses the role of chemical-based pest management programs in an ecological and evolutionary framework. This book should be of interest to those involved in ecology and evolution.

"Evolutionary Perspectives in Chemical Ecology" provides a comprehensive view of insect chemical ecology from an evolutionary perspective, showing how natural selection acts upon interacting organisms and how particular physical and biological properties of chemical compounds act as constraints upon which natural selection may operate. Individual chapters raise specific questions as to the nature of these interactions. The first part contains reviews on antagonistic and mutualistic chemical interactions, the "raw materials" of defensive chemicals and neurobiology. The second part discusses particular problems such as the evolution of resistance, insect pollination, learning, pheromones, sequestration of semiochemicals, the role of microorganisms, sex attractants, the evolution of host races and biotypes, and the role of semiochemicals and the evolution of sociality of insects. The last chapter discusses the role of chemical-based pest management programs in an ecological and evolutionary framework. This book should be of interest to those involved in ecology and evolution.

It is now known that over 90 percent of all plants have established integrative plant-fungal processes in their root systems, and it may well turn out to be the case that virtually all plants have mycorrhizae. In this new work, many of the best researchers in the field review the current status of research in plant-fungal communications, mycorrhizal organisms, applications and biotechnology. The focus is a hierarchical one. The volume covers both ectomycorrhizae and vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizae, addressing concepts that are related to all the different groups.

During the last 15 years, the ability to capture and distribute human decision-making skills on a desktop computer has created new possibilities for the management of many types of resources. The resource may be monetary, social, natural or economic. Computer programs that function with a certain degree of skill in solving problems are referred to as expert systems or knowledge systems. Natural resource management appears to be particularly well suited to these types of decision aids. As a result, there is a growing demand for personnel trained in knowledge system development. This guide attempts to cover the major areas which a conservation biologist or research manager requires in order to apply knowledge systems: knowledge acquisition; building a prototype; moving to a final system; knowledge validation; and implementation. Of particular interest is a section discussing the features of a resource management problem appropriate, or inappropriate, for an expert system application.

This treatment of the chemistry of secondary processes reviews all the major classes of plant natural products: fatty acids, actylenes, hydrocarbons, ketides, quonines, propanoids, coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, terpenes, and alkoloids. An extensive bibliography and an appendix on biochemical plant taxonomy is included. This book should be of interest to departments of agronomy, anthropology, biochemistry, biology, botany, chemistry, ecology, entomology, food science, forestry, geology, horticulture, pharmacognosy, plant biology, plant sciences, toxicology, and zoology.

Sex ratio, the proportion of a progeny that is female, is an extremely important fitness trait. It is particularly interesting in relation to haplodiploidy, a variety of parthenogenesis in which organisms reproduce without the benefit of fertilization. This study arrives at conclusions drawn from new empirical studies: that biased sex ratios are characteristic of haplodiploid species; that these species are characteristically colonizing species with genetics suited both to spatially and temporally unpredictable environments; that manipulation of haplodiploid biological control agents, or pests that are to be controlled, depends on understanding the determinants of sex ratio; and that because evolutionary theory predicts that haplodiploids have the capacity to evolve faster than diploid organisms, haplodiploid species are the organisms of choice in biological control strategies.

Sex ratio, the proportion of a progeny that is female, is an extremely important fitness trait. It is particularly interesting in relation to haplodiploidy, a variety of parthenogenesis in which organisms reproduce without the benefit of fertilization. "Evolution and Diversity of Sex Ratio" arrives at several important conclusions drawn from new empirical studies: that biased sex ratios are characteristic of haplodiploid species; that these species are characteristically colonizing species with genetics suited both to spatially and temporally unpredictable environments; that manipulation of haplodiploid biological control agents, or pests that are to be controlled, depends on understanding the determinants of sex ratio; and that because evolutionary theory predicts that haplodiploids have the capacity to evolve faster than diploid organisms, haplodiploid species are the organisms of choice in biological control strategies. An extensive collection of data is included in this book to support authors' assertions. This book should be of interest to scientists working in applied entomology, researchers and graduate students interested in evolutionary biology, genetics and evolution.

The application of molecular techniques is rapidly transforming the study of plant systematics. The precision they offer enables researchers to classify plants that have not been subject to rigorous classification before and thus allows them to obtain a clearer picture of evolutionary relationships. This book is arranged both conceptually and phylogenetically to accommodate the interests not only of general systematists, but also those of people interested in a particular plant family. The first part discusses molecular sequencing; the second reviews restriction site analysis and the sequencing of mitochondrial DNA. A third section details the analysis of ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA. The following section introduces model studies involving well-studied families such as the onagraceae, compositae and leguminosae. The book concludes with a section addressing theoretical topics such as data analysis and the question of morphological vs. molecular data. This book should be of interest to advanced undergraduates and graduate students in botany systematics and biology, and those agricultural departments interested in plant breeding and evolution of crop plants.

The topic of biomonitoring or bioassessment and testing is a vital and rapidly growing field. In "Freshwater Biomonitoring and Benthic Macroinvertebrates", a number of international experts review recent advances in the field. The book includes reference material on the history of biomonitoring with invertebrates and surveys the literature available on the subject. It also contains work of a more practical nature. The design, implementation, analysis and interpretation of benthic surveys are discussed in detail, as are toxicity testing and field experiments. This book should be of interest to professional entomologists, invertebrate zoologists, and aquatic zoologists, as well as those working in the fields of environmental biotechnology, environmental quality, or marine habitats.