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Despite the current explosion of interest in cognitive linguistics, there has so far been relatively little research by cognitive linguists on narrative comprehension. Catherine Emmott draws on insights from discourse analysis and artificial intelligence to present a detailed model of how readers build, maintain, and use mental representations of fictional contexts, and how they keep track of characters and contexts within a complex, changing fictional world. The book begins with a summary of current issues in text-processing theory and a discussion of the methodological importance of recognizing the hierarchical structure of discourse. The core of the book explores the significance of contextual monitoring in narrative comprehension and looks particularly at the cognitive demands placed on readers by flashbacks. Later chapters examine the implications of contextual monitoring for reference theory and for a literary-linguistic model of narrative text types. The study focuses on anaphoric pronouns in narratives, assessing the accumulated knowledge required for readers to interpret these key grammatical items. The work has implications for linguistic theory since it questions several long-held assumptions about anaphora, arguing for a `levels of consciousness' model for the processing of referring expressions.

This volume examines the impact of burrowing animals on the environment, over a wide range of taxa - ants, beetles, wood-borers, nematodes, fish, rabbits, badgers, rats - paying equal attention to terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Burrowing activities have significant environmental effects, such as increased soil fertility, changes in plant abundance and distribution, increased chemical interchange across the sediment-water interface, and alterations in soil and sediment stability. The scale and importance of animal burrowing are made clearer than ever before by the contributors to this symposium.

This book deals with the analysis of the structure of complex networks by combining results from graph theory, physics, and pattern recognition. The book is divided into two parts. 11 chapters are dedicated to the development of theoretical tools for the structural analysis of networks, and 7 chapters are illustrating, in a critical way, applications of these tools to real-world scenarios. The first chapters provide detailed coverage of adjacency and metric and topological properties of networks, followed by chapters devoted to the analysis of individual fragments and fragment-based global invariants in complex networks. Chapters that analyse the concepts of communicability, centrality, bipartivity, expansibility and communities in networks follow. The second part of this book is devoted to the analysis of genetic, protein residue, protein-protein interaction, intercellular, ecological and socio-economic networks, including important breakthroughs as well as examples of the misuse of structural concepts.

This Companion brings together an international 'Brodie set' of critics to trace the history, impact, reception and major themes of Spark's work, from her early poetry to her last novel. It encompasses the range of Spark's output, pursuing contextual lines of approach including biography, geography, gender, identity, nation and religion, and considering her legacy and continuing influence in the twenty-first century. Spark emerges here as a serious thinker on issues as diverse as the Welfare State, secularisation, decolonisation, and anti-psychiatry, and a writer whose work may be placed alongside Proust, Joyce, Nabokov, and Lessing. The critics collected here are mindful of how, although overwhelmingly known as a novelist, by the time of her first novel, The Comforters, in 1957, Spark already had a significant profile through poetry, biographical criticism, and literary journalism, as chair of the Poetry Society and editor of the Poetry Review, and as author or co-author of a number of scholarly studies of writers including Wordsworth, Mary Shelley, the Bröntes, Cardinal Newman, and John Masefield. Within a relatively modest space this Companion touches on the whole range of Spark's work and, in introducing the oeuvre thematically for those looking to explore this elegant and challenging author further, also sets the agenda for future Spark studies.Key Features* A collection of original, specially commissioned chapters by leading experts in the field* Covers the whole spectrum of Spark's work * Addresses the key issues and themes in Spark's work without losing sight of the questions of form and content* Provides original insights into the contexts of Spark's work as viewed through literary theory

Education in and about the media is expanding across Europe and, like the industries it studies, is changing rapidly. The future of media education is a matter of live concern in all European countries, as educators and practitioners throughout the continent come together to learn from each other and to plan for the changes to come. Media Education Across Europe identifies the exciting developments now taking place within and across the boundaries of European nation-states. Essays from eight countries - the U.K., France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Sweden and the Netherlands - explore the development of courses and approaches to the subject in each country. The contributors also consider the prospects for European collaboration in media education; the possibilities opening up for graduate employment and the future conflict - and co-operation - between media teachers and media employers.

Education in and about the media is expanding across Europe and, like the industries it studies, is changing rapidly. The future of media education is a matter of live concern in all European countries, as educators and practitioners throughout the continent come together to learn from each other and to plan for the changes to come. Media Education Across Europe identifies the exciting developments now taking place within and across the boundaries of European nation-states. Essays from eight countries - the U.K., France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Sweden and the Netherlands - explore the development of courses and approaches to the subject in each country. The contributors also consider the prospects for European collaboration in media education; the possibilities opening up for graduate employment and the future conflict - and co-operation - between media teachers and media employers.

Imperial cities explores the influence of imperialism in the landscapes of modern European cities including London, Paris, Rome, Vienna, Marseilles, Glasgow and Seville. Examines large-scale architectural schemes and monuments, including the Queen Victoria Memorial in London and the Vittoriano in Rome. Focuses on imperial display throughout the city, from spectacular exhibitions and ceremonies, to more private displays of empire in suburban gardens. Cconsiders the changing cultural and political identities in the imperial city, looking particularly at nationalism, masculinity and anti-imperialism.

First published in 1998, this book explores the physical and technological changes which occurred in the growing bureaucracies of big-business and of government as well as in the small and mid-size business of the city. The study of these changes provides a context within which to set the complementary experiences of the men and women who chose to seek a living in the wide array of constantly changing office jobs.

First published in 1998, this book explores the physical and technological changes which occurred in the growing bureaucracies of big-business and of government as well as in the small and mid-size business of the city. The study of these changes provides a context within which to set the complementary experiences of the men and women who chose to seek a living in the wide array of constantly changing office jobs.

Published in 1977, this is a detailed account of the results of controversial methods as they were applied in a major company, when twenty-one managers came together for eight months to grapple with important problems for the purpose of learning some of the skills required for senior management. From their very different points of view, the course organisers, GEC’s own personnel specialists, and the managers involved, describe their experiences and discuss with unusual candour the effects on themselves as individuals and on their organisations. There is no attempt to gloss over the difficulties and the disappointments. This is a book that will be read with attention and profit not just by personnel and management development specialists but by all managers seeking ways to improve business performance.

Published in 1977, this is a detailed account of the results of controversial methods as they were applied in a major company, when twenty-one managers came together for eight months to grapple with important problems for the purpose of learning some of the skills required for senior management. From their very different points of view, the course organisers, GEC’s own personnel specialists, and the managers involved, describe their experiences and discuss with unusual candour the effects on themselves as individuals and on their organisations. There is no attempt to gloss over the difficulties and the disappointments. This is a book that will be read with attention and profit not just by personnel and management development specialists but by all managers seeking ways to improve business performance.