Measure of Man and Woman

HENRY DREYFUSS ASSOCIATES, a leading New York design firm, has been a major developer of anthropometric data for more than seventy years, gathering and publishing all the essential measurements of the human body and its relationship to the designed environment. ALVIN R. TILLEY (1914–93), the firm's specialist in human engineering for forty years, was recognized as one of the world's foremost authorities on human factors. The compiler of the data presented in this volume, Tilley was coauthor of Humanscale and a major contributor to this book's predecessor, The Measure of Man.

• Preface 1Introduction 3Human Factors: A Brief History 9Anthropometry 10Measurement Systems 10Sampling the Population 10The Measurements 10Percentiles 10Human Variations 11The Link System 28Clothing Corrections 31Work and Play Stations for Children 32IllustrationsFrequency Distribution Curve 11The Measure of Infants 12, 13The Measure of Toddlers 14The Measure of Youths 15-21The Measure of Man 22, 23The Measure of Woman 24, 25Proportional Differences Between Ethnic Groups 26Head Measurements of Man and Woman 27Angle Movements of Body Components 29, 30Design Considerations for Children 32The Elderly 33IllustrationsThe Measure of the Elderly 34Differently Abled People 35IllustrationsSymbols of Accessibility 35Reach Factors for the Differently Abled 37Design Considerations for the Differently Abled 39-41Manual Controls for the Differently Abled 43Seating 44The Dining Chair 44A Universal Work Chair 44Seating Variations 44Seating at Computer Stations for Men and Women 44Classic Consoles for Men and Women 46IllustrationsSeating Variations 45Visual Characteristics 47Computer Stations for Man 48Computer Stations for Woman 49Classic Consoles for Man and Woman 50Standing Consoles for Man and Woman 51Residential Space Considerations 50Bedrooms 50Dining Spaces 50Kitchen and Bathroom Layouts 50IllustrationsMeasurements for Bedrooms 53Measurements for Dining Areas 54Measurements for Kitchens and Bathrooms 55Maintenance Access 56The Whole Body 56The Appendages 56IllustrationsMaintenance Access (Whole Body) 57Maintenance Access (The Appendages) 58Safety at Work and at Home 57Factory 57Office 57Home 60IllustrationsStairs and Ladders 63, 64Vehicular Accommodation 65Constant Factors in Vehicular Seating 65Agricultural and Industrial Equipment 65Forces for Hand and Foot Controls 67IllustrationsConstant Factors in Vehicle Seating 66The Strength of Man and Woman 68Foot Measurements and Pedal Design 69Anthropometry and Seating for Agriculture and Industry 70, 71Displays 72Circular Analog and Digital Displays 72Circular Analog and Graphic Displays 72Electronic Displays 72IllustrationsAnalog and Digital Displays 72, 73Manual Controls 74IllustrationsHand Measurements of Man and Woman 75Manual Controls 76, 77Direction of Operation for Manual Controls 78The Environment 79Noise 79Mechanical Vibration 80Human vs. Machine 81Motion 82Temperatures 82Chemical Hazards 83Radiation Hazards 84Colors 84Lighting 86Appendix 91Conversion Scales 91Abbreviations 92Anthropometric Terms 93Bibliography 95Index 97IllustrationsAnatomical Planes and Orientations 94