Animal Suffering

Florence Burgat is head of research in philosophy at INRAE, seconded at l'ENS, Paris. Her work focuses on animal existence, especially from a phenomenological perspective.Emilie Dardenne is senior lecturer in English and animal studies at Université Rennes 2, France, where she heads the animals and society teaching program. Her research interests include mainstream and critical animal studies.

• Introduction xiFlorence BURGATChapter 1 Extraction and Captive Management of Wild Animals, 18th Century to Present Day 1Violette POUILLARD1.1 Preamble: ancient practices 11.2 Birth of the modern zoo: new forms of animal captivity 21.3 The rise of the animal trade 51.4 A collective appropriation of wildlife 71.5 The confinement of wild animals 91.6 Zoo ethics 121.7 Captive breeding 141.8 Capture and conservation 171.9 References 18Chapter 2 Pig Welfare in China 25Peter J. li2.1 Introduction 252.2 Pig farming: an overview 262.2.1 History 262.2.2 Contemporary China 282.2.3 The reform era (1978–the present) 292.2.4 Pig farming with Chinese characteristics 312.3 Animal welfare 352.3.1 A new challenge 352.3.2 Breeding sow welfare 362.3.3 Live transport 372.3.4 Culling and slaughter 382.4 Conclusion 402.5 References 42Chapter 3 Dogs “Outside the Law”: An Ethnographic Look at Animal Lives in South Korea 47Julien DUGNOILLE3.1 Introduction 473.2 Talking about South Korean dogs in order to talk about animal lives 493.2.1 The socio-cultural context of dog meat consumption 493.2.2 “Animal welfare” in Korean legislation 523.3 Animal lives in markets 553.3.1 Introducing Moran Market 553.3.2 Ethnographic overview 573.4 On the condition of the dogs 603.5 Conclusion 623.6 References 63Chapter 4 The Legal Status of Animals in European Law 67Fabien MARCHADIER4.1 Introduction 674.1.1. Emergence of a legal protection of the animal by the European Union 674.1.2 Realization of the legal protection of animals by the European Union: the concept of welfare 704.2 Institutionalized suffering 724.2.1 Inevitable suffering 724.2.2 Justifiable suffering 754.3 Normalized suffering 774.3.1 Living conditions 784.3.2 Mutilation 804.4 List of abbreviations 834.5 References 83Chapter 5 How Do the Regulations and the Various Stakeholders Take the Pain of Animals Subjected to Experimental Procedures into Account? 85Muriel OBRIET5.1 Animal experimentation: figures and regulatory approach to animal pain 855.1.1 European Commission reports 855.1.2 Global data on animal experimentation 865.1.3 Data on the suffering of animals subjected to experimentation 875.1.4 Assessment of pain in animals and practices that are ethically acceptable according to the Directive 885.1.5 Silenced pain and suffering 915.2 How are the regulations regarding the assessment of pain in animals used for scientific or educational purposes applied? 935.2.1 Upstream of the project 935.2.2 At the time of project design 945.2.3 Before the start of the project 965.2.4 During and after the project 975.3 The obstacles to taking animal interests into account 1005.3.1 Market law and globalization 1005.3.2 The power of lobbyists 1015.3.3 Intentions but a lack of voluntarism 1025.3.4 A biased and uninformed evaluation of projects 1035.3.5 Lack of qualifications of personnel using animals 1045.4 Conclusion 1065.5 References 107Chapter 6 Altruism Towards Animals and the Economy 111Romain ESPINOSA6.1 Introduction 1116.2 Methods for assessing altruism towards animals 1136.2.1 Utility, social welfare and willingness to pay 1136.2.2 Measuring willingness to pay for animal welfare 1156.3 Main results 1176.3.1 Examples of spontaneous market developments and altruism for animals 1186.3.2 Examples of legislative developments and altruism for animals 1196.3.3 Meta-analyses of the willingness to pay for animals 1226.3.4 Is willingness to pay the result of altruism? 1236.3.5 Does social pressure affect our altruism towards animals? 1246.4 Limitations and perspectives 1256.5 References 126Chapter 7 Causing Pain versus Killing 129Tatjana VIŠAK7.1 Introduction 1297.2 Animals and the harm of death 1317.2.1 Frustration of wants 1327.2.2 Deprivation of value/life comparative view 1337.3 Population ethics 1347.4 Metaethics 1377.5 Conclusion 1387.6 References 139Chapter 8 Wild Animal Suffering 141Oscar HORTA8.1 What does the term “wild animal suffering” mean? 1428.1.1 The harms we are talking about when we speak of wild animal suffering 1428.1.2 The animals we are talking about when we speak of wild animal suffering 1448.1.3 Other related terms 1448.2 What the lives of wild animals are like 1458.2.1 Factors causing wild animals to suffer 1458.2.2 The extent of the harms wild animals suffer 1468.2.3 Some promising ways of helping animals in the wild 1478.2.4 Vaccination 1488.2.5 Rescuing animals affected by weather events 1488.2.6 Helping animals living in urban, suburban, industrial and agricultural areas 1498.2.7 Contraception 1498.2.8 Reducing overall wild animal suffering in different ecosystems 1508.3 The ethical case for helping wild animals, summarized 1508.4 Epistemic objections 1518.5 Promoting scientific work in welfare biology 1528.5.1 How previous work can be very useful 1528.5.2 Why cross-disciplinary work is needed 1538.5.3 Benefits for the consideration of the problem and for policymaking 1548.6 Conclusion 1558.7 References 156Chapter 9 Reflections on the Ethics of Veterinary Medicine 161Philippe DEVIENNE9.1 Introduction 1619.2 Is medical practice ethical? 1629.2.1 Veterinary medicine is the result of a scientific practice… 1629.2.2 … which establishes deontic actions qualified as irreproachable… 1649.2.3 … while science cannot be the guardian of morality 1659.3 What kind of ethics? 1669.3.1 From Principles to casuistry 1679.3.2 Intermediate versions between the great principles and casuistry 1709.3.3 A profession subject to the economics of its business 1759.4 Another view 1779.4.1 Breaking out of the circle of ethical justifications… 1779.4.2 … to improvise relationships to other animals… 1799.4.3 … in a singular relationship of humanity 1809.5 Conclusion 1819.6 References 181Chapter 10 Pain and Fear in Fishes: Implications for the Humane Use of Fishes 185Lynne U. SNEDDON10.1 The use of fishes 18510.2 Pain in fish 18710.2.1 Whole animal responses to pain 18810.2.2 Motivational alterations 19110.3 Fear in fish 19210.3.1 Neural substrate of fear 19210.3.2 Consistent suite of fear responses 19410.3.3 Impact of anti-anxiety drugs 19610.4 Implications in the use of fishes 19710.5 Conclusion 20010.6 References 201Chapter 11 Welfare, Sentience and Pain: Concepts, Ethics and Attitudes 211Donald M. BROOM11.1 Welfare 21111.2 One health, one welfare, one biology 21411.3 Sentience 21511.4 Pain 21711.5 Welfare and moral actions 21911.6 References 221Conclusion 227Emilie DARDENNEList of Authors 235Index 237