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In the Eighth Edition of this classic text on the financial history of bubbles and crashes, Robert McCauley joins with Robert Aliber in building on Charles Kindleberger's renowned work.

This book explores the evolution of intelligence research over the past two decades, emphasizing the development and implementation of intelligence functions in private and public organizations. A comprehensive framework for conducting intelligence analysis is presented, establishing and operating intelligence teams, and addressing the adjacent ethical questions raised by the nature of this field of study.The key themes addressed include the methodology of intelligence analysis, the establishment of effective intelligence teams, and the concept of "disruptive intelligence," an emerging term referring to the identification of innovations with the potential to transform industries, making products more accessible and affordable. The book argues that recognizing these disruptions early allows incumbents to protect their businesses and new entrants to capitalize on emerging opportunities. This book stands out by blending theoretical insights with practical applications, making it an essential read for those involved in intelligence, strategic planning, and innovation management.

At the end of each chapter, the instructor and student will find a section-by-section concept review, concept connections, concept assessment (10 multiple-choice questions), and concept applications.

This book is based on the well-established book Biology of Spiders but is completely updated. It focuses on the biology and natural history of spiders in general - it does not deal with the identification of spiders.Virtually all aspects of spider biology are covered, from anatomy and physiology to neurobiology and behavior, or from spider venom to prey capture, and from silk production to complex web construction.The book will appeal not only to spider enthusiasts, professional arachnologists and zoologists, but to anyone with an interest in biology. It is written in a clear and straightforward style, making it easy to read for the general reader.

The main objective of this new edition is to facilitate the learning of radiology through a handbook that includes all disciplines of radiology. It is aimed to guide young trainees from the beginning of their radiology training and help them in the preparation of the European Diploma in Radiology (EDiR).

Now available in Open Access, this best-selling textbook for a second course in linear algebra is aimed at undergraduate math majors and graduate students. The text focuses on the central goal of linear algebra: understanding the structure of linear operators on finite-dimensional vector spaces.

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a cornerstone technology, transforming how we interact with information and redefining the boundaries of artificial intelligence. LLMs offer an unprecedented ability to understand, generate, and interact with human language in an intuitive and insightful manner, leading to transformative applications across domains like content creation, chatbots, search engines, and research tools. While fascinating, the complex workings of LLMs—their intricate architecture, underlying algorithms, and ethical considerations—require thorough exploration, creating a need for a comprehensive book on this subject.This book provides an authoritative exploration of the design, training, evolution, and application of LLMs. It begins with an overview of pre-trained language models and Transformer architectures, laying the groundwork for understanding prompt-based learning techniques. Next, it dives into methods for fine-tuning LLMs, integrating reinforcement learning for value alignment, and the convergence of LLMs with computer vision, robotics, and speech processing. The book strongly emphasizes practical applications, detailing real-world use cases such as conversational chatbots, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), and code generation. These examples are carefully chosen to illustrate the diverse and impactful ways LLMs are being applied in various industries and scenarios.Readers will gain insights into operationalizing and deploying LLMs, from implementing modern tools and libraries to addressing challenges like bias and ethical implications. The book also introduces the cutting-edge realm of multimodal LLMs that can process audio, images, video, and robotic inputs. With hands-on tutorials for applying LLMs to natural language tasks, this thorough guide equips readers with both theoretical knowledge and practical skills for leveraging the full potential of large language models.This comprehensive resource is appropriate for a wide audience: students, researchers and academics in AI or NLP, practicing data scientists, and anyone looking to grasp the essence and intricacies of LLMs.Key Features:Over 100 techniques and state-of-the-art methods, including pre-training, prompt-based tuning, instruction tuning, parameter-efficient and compute-efficient fine-tuning, end-user prompt engineering, and building and optimizing Retrieval-Augmented Generation systems, along with strategies for aligning LLMs with human values using reinforcement learningOver 200 datasets compiled in one place, covering everything from pre- training to multimodal tuning, providing a robust foundation for diverse LLM applicationsOver 50 strategies to address key ethical issues such as hallucination, toxicity, bias, fairness, and privacy. Gain comprehensive methods for measuring, evaluating, and mitigating these challenges to ensure responsible LLM deploymentOver 200 benchmarks covering LLM performance across various tasks, ethical considerations, multimodal applications, and more than 50 evaluation metrics for the LLM lifecycleNine detailed tutorials that guide readers through pre-training, fine- tuning, alignment tuning, bias mitigation, multimodal training, and deploying large language models using tools and libraries compatible with Google Colab, ensuring practical application of theoretical conceptsOver 100 practical tips for data scientists and practitioners, offering implementation details, tricks, and tools to successfully navigate the LLM life- cycle and accomplish tasks efficiently

This book is aimed at everyone preparing for the ISTQB® Certified Tester – Foundation Level exam based on the Foundation Level syllabus (version 4.0) published in 2023.

Explore the captivating world of plankton with this hands-on guide, perfect for students, educators, hobbyists, and citizen scientists alike.

This book is intended for students, academics, designers, process engineers and CMM operators, and presents the ISO GPS and the ASME GD&T rules and concepts. The Geometric Product Specification (GPS) and Geometrical Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) languages are in fact the most powerful tools available to link the perfect geometrical world of models and drawings to the imperfect world of manufactured parts and assemblies. The topics include a complete description of all the ISO GPS terminology, datum systems, MMR and LMR requirements, inspection, and gauging principles. Moreover, the differences between ISO GPS and the American ASME Y14.5 standards are shown as a guide and reference to help in the interpretation of drawings of the most common dimensioning and tolerancing specifications. The book may be used for engineering courses and for professional grade programmes, and it has been designed to cover the fundamental geometric tolerancing applications as well as the more advanced ones. Academics and professionals alike will find it to be an excellent teaching and research tool, as well as an easy-to-use guide. This 2nd, revised edition includes several improved features:-       It highlights the tools provided in the recently published ISO GPS standards, such as ISO 22081-2021 and ISO 2692-2021.-       New concepts and rules in accordance with the latest revision to the GD&T standard, ASME Y14.5.1-2019, Mathematical Definition of         Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles.-       Most of the drawings have been redrawn and updated even further to the new standards.-       Changes have been made to the text and illustrations to improve readability and clarify the contentAdditional contents and examples have been included.-       The chapters dedicated to profile tolerance and  tolerances (ISO 14405) have been extended and rewritten.

The volume brings together an international group of authors discussing basic concepts and approaches to plural policing as well as aspects and practices of plural policing in specific locations. The context comes from the fact that policing activities are nowadays performed by a growing number and variety of police and non-police stakeholders.

This text provides a mathematically rigorous introduction to modern methods of machine learning and data analysis at the advanced undergraduate/beginning graduate level. The book is self-contained and requires minimal mathematical prerequisites. There is a strong focus on learning how and why algorithms work, as well as developing facility with their practical applications. Apart from basic calculus, the underlying mathematics — linear algebra, optimization, elementary probability, graph theory, and statistics — is developed from scratch in a form best suited to the overall goals.  In particular, the wide-ranging linear algebra components are unique in their ordering and choice of topics, emphasizing those parts of the theory and techniques that are used in contemporary machine learning and data analysis.  The book will provide a firm foundation to the reader whose goal is to work on applications of machine learning and/or research into the further development of this highly active field of contemporary applied mathematics.To introduce the reader to a broad range of machine learning algorithms and how they are used in real world applications, the programming language Python is employed and offers a platform for many of the computational exercises. Python notebooks complementing various topics in the book are available on a companion GitHub site specified in the Preface, and can be easily accessed by scanning the QR codes or clicking on the links provided within the text. Exercises appear at the end of each section, including basic ones designed to test comprehension and computational skills, while others range over proofs not supplied in the text, practical computations, additional theoretical results, and further developments in the subject.  The Students’ Solutions Manual may be accessed from GitHub. Instructors may apply for access to the Instructors’ Solutions Manual from the link supplied on the text’s Springer website.The book can be used in a junior or senior level course for students majoring in mathematics with a focus on applications as well as students from other disciplines who desire to learn the tools of modern applied linear algebra and optimization. It may also be used as an introduction to fundamental techniques in data science and machine learning for advanced undergraduate and graduate students or researchers from other areas, including statistics, computer science, engineering, biology, economics and finance, and so on.

Introduction to Partial Differential Equations

This book introduces the Multilingual Approach to Diversity in Education (MADE), a framework that provides an extensive, holistic instrument with research-based teacher indicators for teachers, teacher educators, and administrators to deliver optimal education to multilingual learners in a range of contexts.

What is love for Sartre and Lacan? In Dialectics of Love in Sartre and Lacan, Sinan Richards examines Sartre’s and Lacan’s writings on love to draw out a distinctly Lacanian conception of love and subjectivity. Richards begins by demonstrating how Sartre’s in itself for itself is a convincing shorthand for Lacan’s central object of study, before presenting and explaining the various aspects of Lacan’s psychophilosophical project to show how, for Lacan, the subject is marked by various pathologies. He argues that, for Lacan, as for Sartre and Schelling before him, the subject is ontologically sick, and, by its very structure, the Oedipus complex produces subjects that are prey to a mental collapse at any moment. As a result, for Lacan, the subject has no choice but to identify with their potential madness, a constitutive aspect of their subjectivity. He concludes by making a compelling case that love in the Lacanian schema is the subject’s mad wish to reunite in itself with for itself, which is an always impossible yet necessary aspect of subjectivity. The book presents fresh insights on Lacan and Sartre that will appeal to students and scholars of psychoanalysis, philosophy, comparative literature and critical theory.

The book is structured in three main parts, covering all areas of parallel computing: the architecture of parallel systems, parallel programming models and environments, and the implementation of efficient application algorithms.

Within the field of pathology, there is a wide gap in pedagogy between medical school and residency. As a result, the pathology intern often comes into residency unprepared for the practical demands of the field, and without the foundation to digest professional-level textbooks. Completely illustrated in color, this book is uniquely directed at the junior pathology resident, and goes first through some very basic introductory material, then progresses through each organ system. Within each chapter, there is a brief review of salient normal histology, a discussion of typical specimen types, a strategic approach to the specimen, and a discussion of how the multitude of different diagnoses relate to each other. The book’s goal is to lay the foundation of practical pathology, and provide a scaffold on which to build more detailed knowledge. The second edition retains the informal voice and brevity of the first edition, but with new and expanded chapters, new illustrations, and updated material.

Is death inevitable? Until now, the history of mankind has been marked by this fatal fact. Religions, borders and progress are born from an ancient fear of death, comfort from this fear man often found only in religious paradigms. But according to José Luis Cordeiro and David Wood, the incontrovertible fact of death is no longer an absolute certainty - science and technology are preparing to tear down the final frontier: that of immortality.This accessible book provides insight into recent exponential advances in artificial intelligence, tissue regeneration, stem cell treatment, organ printing, cryopreservation, and genetic therapies that, for the first time in human history, offer a realistic chance to solve the problem of the aging of the human body. In this book, Cordeiro and Wood not only present all the major developments, initiatives, and ideas for eternal life, they also show why there are a number of good arguments for seeing death for what it is: the last undefeated disease.Enter any drugstore or bookstore, and we confronted with a mountain of nonsense concerning the aging process. Society seems obsessed with aging. That is why The Death of Death is such a refreshing delight, able to cut through the hype and reveal a balanced, authoritative, and lucid discussion of this controversial topic. It summarizes the astonishing breakthroughs made recently in revealing how science may one day conquer the aging process.Michio Kaku, theoretical physicist and author of The God Equation: The Quest for a Theory of EverythingWe are entering a Fantastic Voyage into life extension, crossing different bridges that will take us to indefinite life spans. The Death of Death explains clearly how we might soon reach longevity escape velocity and live long enough to live forever.Ray Kurzweil, co-author of Fantastic Voyage: Live Long Enough to Live Forever and co-founder of Singularity UniversityThe Death of Death is a truly revolutionary book. This is a visionary book that confronts us with the terrible reality of aging, and its authors are friends and connoisseurs of the subject. I believe that the authoritative and exhaustive description of this crusade that José and David make in this excellent book will accelerate this process. Forward!Aubrey de Grey, founder of LEV (Longevity Escape Velocity) Foundation and co-author of Ending Aging

This approach places special emphasis on linear algebra as an experimental science that provides tools for solving concrete problems.The second edition’s revised text discusses applications of linear algebra like graph theory and network modeling methods used in Google’s PageRank algorithm.

This open access book discusses why the seemingly straightforward strategy of teaching children how to think deeply does not work and offers an alternative way forward for the curriculum to achieve these objectives.

This book examines both the primary ingredients and the processing technology for making candies. In the first section, the chemistry, structure, and physical properties of the primary ingredients are described, as are the characteristics of commercial ingredients.

Given the fact that there are perhaps 400 billion stars in our Galaxy alone, and perhaps 400 billion galaxies in the Universe, it stands to reason that somewhere out there, in the 14-billion-year-old cosmos, there is or once was a civilization at least as advanced as our own. The sheer enormity of the numbers almost demands that we accept the truth of this hypothesis. Why, then, have we encountered no evidence, no messages, no artifacts of these extraterrestrials? In this second, significantly revised and expanded edition of his widely popular book, Webb discusses in detail the (for now!) 75 most cogent and intriguing solutions to Fermi's famous paradox: If the numbers strongly point to the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations, why have we found no evidence of them?Reviews from the first edition:"Amidst the plethora of books that treat the possibility of extraterrestrial intelligence, this one by Webb … is outstanding. … Each solution is presented in a very logical, interesting, thorough manner with accompanying explanations and notes that the intelligent layperson can understand. Webb digs into the issues … by considering a very broad set of in-depth solutions that he addresses through an interesting and challenging mode of presentation that stretches the mind. … An excellent book for anyone who has ever asked ‘Are we alone?’." (W. E. Howard III, Choice, March, 2003)"Fifty ideas are presented … that reveal a clearly reasoned examination of what is known as ‘The Fermi Paradox’. … For anyone who enjoys a good detective story, or using their thinking faculties and stretching the imagination to the limits … ‘Where is everybody’ will be enormously informative and entertaining. … Read this book, and whatever your views are about life elsewhere in the Universe, your appreciation for how special life is here on Earth will be enhanced! A worthy addition to any personal library." (Philip Bridle, BBC Radio, March, 2003)Since gaining a BSc in physics from the University of Bristol and a PhD in theoretical physics from the University of Manchester, Stephen Webb has worked in a variety of universities in the UK. He is a regular contributor to the Yearbook of Astronomy series and has published an undergraduate textbook on distance determination in astronomy and cosmology as well as several popular science books. His interest in the Fermi paradox combines lifelong interests in both science and science fiction.

This book will serve as a key resource for all clinicians working in orthopedics, sports medicine, and rehabilitation for the sport of tennis. Furthermore, sufficient sport science information is presented to provide the clinical reader with extensive knowledge of tennis biomechanics and the physiological aspects of training and rehabilitation.

This book provides a rigorous introduction to the techniques and results of real analysis, metric spaces and multivariate differentiation, suitable for undergraduate courses.Starting from the very foundations of analysis, it offers a complete first course in real analysis, including topics rarely found in such detail in an undergraduate textbook such as the construction of non-analytic smooth functions, applications of the Euler-Maclaurin formula to estimates, and fractal geometry. Drawing on the author’s extensive teaching and research experience, the exposition is guided by carefully chosen examples and counter-examples, with the emphasis placed on the key ideas underlying the theory. Much of the content is informed by its applicability: Fourier analysis is developed to the point where it can be rigorously applied to partial differential equations or computation, and the theory of metric spaces includes applications to ordinary differential equations andfractals. Essential Real Analysis will appeal to students in pure and applied mathematics, as well as scientists looking to acquire a firm footing in mathematical analysis. Numerous exercises of varying difficulty, including some suitable for group work or class discussion, make this book suitable for self-study as well as lecture courses.

Essential Partial Differential Equations

This self-contained textbook, now in a thoroughly revised and expanded second edition, takes a matrix-oriented approach to Linear Algebra.

Within the field of pathology, there is a wide gap in pedagogy between medical school and residency. As a result, the pathology intern often comes into residency unprepared for the practical demands of the field, and without the foundation to digest professional-level textbooks. Completely illustrated in color, this book is uniquely directed at the junior pathology resident, and goes first through some very basic introductory material, then progresses through each organ system. Within each chapter, there is a brief review of salient normal histology, a discussion of typical specimen types, a strategic approach to the specimen, and a discussion of how the multitude of different diagnoses relate to each other. The book’s goal is to lay the foundation of practical pathology, and provide a scaffold on which to build more detailed knowledge. The second edition retains the informal voice and brevity of the first edition, but with new and expanded chapters, new illustrations, and updated material.

Beginning in Algebraic Geometry achieves a remarkable balance, offering a rigorous and detailed development of algebraic geometry that is nevertheless intended to be readable by students with only a first course in abstract algebra and linear algebra as prerequisites.

The theory of elliptic curves involves a pleasing blend of algebra, geometry, analysis, and number theory. This volume stresses this interplay as it develops the basic theory, thereby providing an opportunity for advanced undergraduates to appreciate the unity of modern mathematics. At the same time, every effort has been made to use only methods and results commonly included in the undergraduate curriculum. This accessibility, the informal writing style, and a wealth of exercises make Rational Points on Elliptic Curves an ideal introduction for students at all levels who are interested in learning about Diophantine equations and arithmetic geometry.Most concretely, an elliptic curve is the set of zeroes of a cubic polynomial in two variables. If the polynomial has rational coefficients, then one can ask for a description of those zeroes whose coordinates are either integers or rational numbers. It is this number theoretic question that is the main subject of Rational Points on Elliptic Curves. Topics covered include the geometry and group structure of elliptic curves, the Nagell–Lutz theorem describing points of finite order, the Mordell–Weil theorem on the finite generation of the group of rational points, the Thue–Siegel theorem on the finiteness of the set of integer points, theorems on counting points with coordinates in finite fields, Lenstra's elliptic curve factorization algorithm, and a discussion of complex multiplication and the Galois representations associated to torsion points. Additional topics new to the second edition include an introduction to elliptic curve cryptography and a brief discussion of the stunning proof of Fermat's Last Theorem by Wiles et al. via the use of elliptic curves.