Africa for Africans

Marcus Garvey (1887 – 1940) was a controversial yet influential political activist, entrepreneur and journalist. Born in Saint Ann’s Bay, Jamaica, Garvey experienced first hand the ills of colonialism, colorism and racism during his upbringing, ultimately shaping his view of the world. His early adult years were spent learning trades and involving himself in political organizations such as The National Club and going onto create the United Negro Improvement Association and the African Communities League in 1914. Three years after this, he would go onto the United States, with the hopes of further expanding the U.N.I.A and spreading his message of Black brotherhood in an “Africa for Africans,” spilling into the creation of a weekly newspaper, The Negro World in 1918. As Garveyism began to take hold in Black communities in the United States and abroad, Garvey faced increased government surveillance and strife as he attempted to branch out into other ventures like The Black Star Line. Between 1922 – 1925, Garvey was arrested and tried on accusations of mail fraud before his eventual deportation from the United States in 1927. Never one to become settled, Garvey lived out the rest of his life attempting to travel the world and continue to spread his ideology; while often clashing with other Black leaders and organizations of the time. A very complicated and complex figure, Garvey was nevertheless an important piece to the foundation of Black nationalism as it is known today.Marcus Garvey (1887 – 1940) was a controversial yet influential political activist, entrepreneur and journalist. Born in Saint Ann’s Bay, Jamaica, Garvey experienced first hand the ills of colonialism, colorism and racism during his upbringing, ultimately shaping his view of the world. His early adult years were spent learning trades and involving himself in political organizations such as The National Club and going onto create the United Negro Improvement Association and the African Communities League in 1914. Three years after this, he would go onto the United States, with the hopes of further expanding the U.N.I.A and spreading his message of Black brotherhood in an “Africa for Africans,” spilling into the creation of a weekly newspaper, The Negro World in 1918. As Garveyism began to take hold in Black communities in the United States and abroad, Garvey faced increased government surveillance and strife as he attempted to branch out into other ventures like The Black Star Line. Between 1922 – 1925, Garvey was arrested and tried on accusations of mail fraud before his eventual deportation from the United States in 1927. Never one to become settled, Garvey lived out the rest of his life attempting to travel the world and continue to spread his ideology; while often clashing with other Black leaders and organizations of the time. A very complicated and complex figure, Garvey was nevertheless an important piece to the foundation of Black nationalism as it is known today.Amy Jacques Garvey (1895 - 1973) was a pioneering journalist in the 20th century. Born in Kingston, Jamaica, Garvey enjoyed a life of privilegewherein she was able to receive a formal education and engage inextracurricular activities. An accomplished scholar, Garvey continued herpursuit of worldly knowledge and financial independence until 1917 when sheemigrated to the United States and met Marcus Garvey. Taken in by Garveyism andthe societal expectations of being a wife, Garvey often took a backseat in herhusband’s political pursuits; however despite this, she gained a reputation asa great orator and took on a lead role at the United Negro ImprovementAssociation following her husband’s imprisonment in 1922. During this timeshe published four books on her husband and his work including ThePhilosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey (Volumes I and II,) The Tragedyof White Injustice and Selections From the Poetic Meditations of MarcusGarvey. After his deportation in 1927, the pair moved back to Jamaica withtheir children and in the wake of his death in 1940 she continued her effortsto support Black Nationalism with two books of her own, Garvey and Garveyismand Black Power in America: The Power of the Human Spirit. Amy Jacques Garvey (1895 - 1973) was a pioneering journalist in the 20th century. Born in Kingston, Jamaica, Garvey enjoyed a life of privilegewherein she was able to receive a formal education and engage inextracurricular activities. An accomplished scholar, Garvey continued herpursuit of worldly knowledge and financial independence until 1917 when sheemigrated to the United States and met Marcus Garvey. Taken in by Garveyism andthe societal expectations of being a wife, Garvey often took a backseat in herhusband’s political pursuits; however despite this, she gained a reputation asa great orator and took on a lead role at the United Negro ImprovementAssociation following her husband’s imprisonment in 1922. During this timeshe published four books on her husband and his work including ThePhilosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey (Volumes I and II,) The Tragedyof White Injustice and Selections From the Poetic Meditations of MarcusGarvey. After his deportation in 1927, the pair moved back to Jamaica withtheir children and in the wake of his death in 1940 she continued her effortsto support Black Nationalism with two books of her own, Garvey and Garveyismand Black Power in America: The Power of the Human Spirit.

• A Word on The Philosophies of Marcus GarveyVOLUME IPrefacePart IEpigrams Part IIPropagandaSlavery Force Education Miscegenation Prejudice Radicalism Government Evolution & the Result Poverty Power Universal Suspicion Dissertation on Man Race Assimilation Christianity The Function of Man Traitors Part IIIPresent Day Civilization Divine Apportionment of Earth Universal Unrest in 1922 World Disarmament Cause of Wars World Readjustment The Fall of Governments Great Ideals Know No Nationality Purpose of Creation Purity of Race Man know Thyself A Solution for World Peace in 1922 God as a War Lord The Image of God Part IV The Slave Trade Negroes’ Status Under Alien Governments The Negro as an Industrial Makeshift Lack of Cooperation in the Negro Race White man’s Solution for the Negro Problem in America The True Solution of the Negro Problem White Propaganda about Africa The Three Stages of the Negro in Contact with the White Man Booker T. Washington’s Program Belief that Race Problem will Adjust Itself a Fallacy Examples of white Christian Control of Africa The Thought behind their deeds Similarity of Persecution Shall the Negro be exterminated? Africa for the Africans The Future As I see it Part VEmancipation Speech Christmas Message Easter Sermon Convention Speech Statement on arrest VOLUME IIPrefacePart I: An Appeal to White AmericaAn Appeal to White AmericaRacial Reforms and ReformersThe Crime of InjusticeWorld MaterialismWho and What Is a NegroAn Appeal to the Conscience of the Black RaceChrist, the First Great ReformerThe Negro’s Place in World ReorganizationAims and Objects of Movement, etc.Will Negroes Succumb to the White Man’s Plan, etc.An Analysis of Warren G. HardingAn Expose of the Caste System Among NegroesAfrica’s WealthThe Negro, Communism and His FriendCapitalism and the StateGoverning the Ideal StateThe “Colored” of Negro PressWhat We BelieveHistory of the NegroThe Internal Prejudices of NegroesA Tribute to the Late Sir Isaiah MorterA Speech on the Principles of U.N.I.AA Speech Delivered at Carnegie HallA Speech on Disarmament Conference, Telegram Sent and ReplyA Speech Delivered at Madison Square GardenThe Negroes Greatest EnemyDeclaration of Rights of the Negroes of the WorldPart II: United States of America vs. Marcus GarveyWas Justice Defeated?Brief for Plaintiff-in-ErrorTestimony of Mailing ClerkDecision of Circuit Court of AppealsStripping the Effect to Show CrimeLast Speech Before Incarceration in Tombs PrisonAddress to Jury at Close of TrialStatement to the Press on Release From the Tombs PrisonFirst Speech After Release From the Tombs PrisonFirst Message From Atlanta PrisonUsing the Government, etc., to Defeat JusticeApplication for Pardon and ReplyA Strange ComparisonSalaries to Officers of U.N.I.A & Oaths They TookA Race That Steals From and Double Crosses ItselfEight Negroes vs. Marcus GarveyW.E.B. Dubois—A Hater of Dark PeopleWhy I Have Not Spoken in ChicagoA Message From Atlanta, August, 1925Statement of ConvictionHow Alleged Crimes Are Disposed OfThe Ideal of Two RacesAn Answer to the Appeal (Speech by Mr. John Powell)Part IIIThe PlotScene AfricaScene Liberia, W. Africa, etc.Letter From Com. Garcia to Pres. King and ReplyLiberian Committees, Suggestions, etc.Petition to Liberian SenateRobbing the Negro’s ValuesScene Aboard Ship “Paris”Eli Garcia’s Confidential ReportScene League of NationsScene HarlemThe Betrayal of a Struggling Race