Revenge, Compensation, and Forgiveness in the Ancient World

Thomas Kazen (Von (Autor)) Born 1960; 2002 PhD; 2008 Docent; 2002-10 Senior Lecturer in New Testament Studies at Stockholm School of Theology; Professor of Biblical Studies at Stockholm School of Theology, University College Stockholm.Rikard Roitto (Von (Autor)) Born 1974; 2010 PhD; 2015 Docent; 2010-15 Senior Lecturer in New Testament Studies at Stockholm School of Theology; Associate Professor of New Testament at Stockholm School of Theology, University College Stockholm.

• Chapter 1: Introduction1.1 Dynamics of Moral Repair - 1.2 The Present Study's Relation to Previous Research - 1.3 Definitions and Strategies - 1.4 Categories and Spheres for Comparison - 1.5 Specific Tools and Theories - 1.6 Sources and LimitationsChapter 2: Idea(l)s: Cognitive Frames for Morality and Their Implications for Moral Repair2.1 Cognitive Frames and Conceptual Metaphors - 2.2 Cognitive Frames in Ancient Moral Discourse - 2.3 WEIGHT versus ACCOUNTING in Jewish Thought - 2.4 PATH: Destiny, Direction, Deviation - 2.5 PURITY: Removal, Restoration, and Conceptual Blending - 2.6 MEASURE and SIZE: Compensation, Forgiveness, and Revenge - 2.7 SIZE and Status Restoration - 2.8 AESTHETICS as Beauty and Proportion - 2.9 FORCE/STRENGTH as Control and Rationality - 2.10 NATURE: Character and Norm - 2.11 HEALTH: Moral Repair as Divine Healing - 2.12 ConclusionsChapter 3: Practices: Moral Infringements and Moral Repair in Social Groups3.1 Hierarchies and Emotions - 3.2 Honour and Shame in Cultural Comparison - 3.3 Punishment, Revenge, and Compensation - 3.4 Deterrence, Balance, and Excess - 3.5 Homicide Repair - 3.6 Bodily injury - 3.7 Property Infringement and Restitution - 3.8 Repair of Sexual InfringementChapter 4: Rituals and Moral Repair4.1 Involving Gods through Ritual - 4.2 Divine Origins of Morality and Law - 4.3 The Willingness of Gods to Intervene in Human Moral Repair - 4.4 Cursing One's Opponent - 4.5 Oaths and Vows: Conditional Self-Curses - 4.6 Prayers and Supplications for Justice - 4.7 Dedications as Aggressions - 4.8 Expulsion and Purification Rituals - 4.9 Confessions of Sin, Prayers for Forgiveness, and Intercession for Sinners - 4.10 Fasting and Asceticism - 4.11 Divination of Guilt - 4.12 Invoking Gods and Using Ritual Language for Emotional EffectChapter 5: Concluding Discussions5.1 Revenge and Punishment - 5.2 Removal: Exile, Ransom, Purification - 5.3 Compromise and Compensation - 5.4 Responsibility and Repentance - 5.5 Clemency and Forgiveness - 5.6 Appeals to Virtue in Moral Repair - 5.7 Ritual Innovation in Infringement Repair - 5.8 Final Reflections