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Global positioning systems like GPS or the future European Galileo are influencing the world of navigation tremendously. Today, everybody is concerned with navigation even if unaware of this fact. Therefore, the interest in navigation is steadily increasing.This book provides an encyclopedic view of navigation. Fundamental elements are presented for a better understanding of the techniques, methods, and systems used in positioning and guidance.The book consists of three parts. Beside a historical review and maps, the first part covers mathematical and physical fundamentals. The second part treats the methods of positioning including terrestrial, celestial, radio- and satellite-based, inertial, image-based, and integrated navigation. Routing and guidance are the main topics of the third part. Applications on land, at sea, in the air, and in space are considered, followed by a critical outlook on the future of navigation.This book is designed for students, teachers, and people interested in entering the complex world of navigation.

The study of thermoregulation in endotherms has contributed much to the emergence of the concept of control theory in biology. By the same token, the study of tempera­ ture adjustment in ectotherms is likely to have a far-reaching influence on ideas on the regulation of metabolism in general. The reason for this is that ectotherms, in adapting to the vagaries of a thermally unstable environment, deploy a range of subtle molecular and organismic strategies. Thus the experimenter, using temperature changes as a tool, is well equipped to analyze some of these strategies. This approach has enabled some important mechanisms of temperature-induced adaptation to be elucidated; the most striking of these are the effects on metabolism of changes in the conformation of enzymes and the transfer properties of membranes. Furthermore, there is a vague but persistent feeling among those working in this field that changes in the nervous system will ultimately prove to be the agency by which many of the molecular mechanisms of temperature adaptation are controlled. Should this indeed be the case, a new phase would soon begin in our understanding of the interactions between the systemic and the cellular levels of organization. However, it is not only questions about the causes of temperature adaptation that can provide answers of potential importance to the general biologist; of equal significance are questions as to the meaning of temperature adaptation in a particular organism.

Until some years ago serum or crude tissue extracts were used pre­ dominantly or exclusively as media supplements for the cultivation of cells. However, during this time evidence accumulated that these sup­ plements could not provide in an optimal way most of the cultivated cells with all factors necessary for their survival, their prolifer­ ation and/or differentiation. Moreover, a variety of cells could not be cultivated at all under these conditions and often the composition of the cultures changed within rather short periods of time by overgrowth of initially present subpopulations of those cells which grow well in these supplements, as for example fibroblasts. Nevertheless, using these supplements (or fractions thereof), insight could be gained into some of the influences of serum or tissue extract constituents with re­ gard to survival, proliferation and differentiation of cells in cul­ ture. It became obvious from these experiments that serum or tissue extracts did not only supply cells with nutrients or vitamins (which are now constituents of all basic media), but also with hormones as well as growth-, differentiation-, and attachment-factors. In course of time experiments were performed in which serum enriched with hormones and other growth factors was used to successfully culti­ vate those cells which could not survive in serum-supplemented media alone. Under normal conditions in an organism, however, only a small population of cells has direct contact with serum.

From the 12th to the 15th September 1985 the International Symposium on Methods of Presurgical Evaluation of Epileptic Patients: Basics, Techniques, and Implications for Epileptology and Surgical Epilepsy Therapy was held in Zurich. This symposium was a consequence of the increasing recognition by Europeans, especially from Ger­ man-speaking countries, of a growing need for surgical therapy of epileptics. The main aim was to provide a venue for critical review and lively discussion of presurgical eval­ uation protocols, with special emphasis on the electrophysiological aspects, including in­ vasive techniques. To provide a necessary background, some basic aspects along with postsurgical results had to be dealt with by leading experts in the different fields of ex­ perimental and clinical epileptology and neurosurgery. It was intended to be an inter­ national but moderately scaled meeting. Finally, however, in addition to the European contingent, there were participants from Australia, Brazil, Canada, Israel, Japan, Korea, and the United States of America, including pioneers from the surgically active centers. This international discussion was surely facilitated by the close temporal relation­ ship to the International Congresses (XIIIth World Congress of Neurology and XVIth Epilepsy International Congress) which took place in Hamburg. And, probably most important, is the fact that the Zurich symposium was dedicated to Prof. Rudolf Hess and his lifelong devotion to epilepsy diagnosis and treatment in Switzerland, as out­ lined in the Honorary Address by his eminent colleague and personal friend, Prof. Henri Gastaut.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Worte wirken – immer. Sie berühren, inspirieren, faszinieren, trösten oder verletzen. Ob ausgesprochen oder nur gedacht, entfalten sie eine Kraft, die weit über den Moment hinausreicht. Worte schaffen Wirklichkeiten. Dieses Buch lädt dazu ein, die eigene Welt der Sprache(n) und Gedanken achtsam zu erkunden. Es zeigt, wie Worte im Inneren, im Unbewussten wurzeln, Gefühle beeinflussen und Beziehungen gestalten. Mit einfühlsamen, inspirierenden Impulsen und praktischen Strategien lernen Sie, hinderliche Gedankenmuster zu erkennen und Ihre Sprache bewusst so zu wählen, dass sie motiviert, Wertschätzung ausdrückt, das Miteinander stärkt und Hoffnung schenkt.  So kann die Lektüre einen Fundus bieten, auf dem Ideen und neue Gedanken wachsen. Manchmal schafft ein Text, was einem selbst nicht gelingt: sich neu zu orientieren. Und dafür kann schon ein Satz genügen. Ob im beruflichen Kontext, in der Ausbildung oder im privaten Miteinander: Dieses Buch ist eine Einladung, Sprache als Mittel für persönliche Entwicklung zu begreifen und ihr Potenzial für ein besseres Miteinander zu nutzen.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.