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This book is based on extensive research in assessment and treatment of patients with functional disorders and provides a thorough background to functional disorders as well as the etiology, classification and treatment of the disorders. The book primarily targets clinicians in primary care, non-psychiatric specialties and other health care professionals. The chapters combine research and clinical experience and also provide techniques that can be applied in daily clinical practice, both in terms of identifying the patients as well as helping the patients to better cope with their disorder. The highly structured hands-on treatment programme described in the book is now a compulsory part of the specialist training of Danish primary care physicians and has won the Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine's Alan Stoudemire Award for Innovation and Excellence in Psychosomatic Medicine Education.

It has become a commonplace in Per Kirkeby exhibition catalogues to note that he earned a Master's in geology and participated in five research expeditions to Greenland, and to declare that he therefore paints in layers -- as obviously only a sedimentary geologist can. Not only do curators and critics rarely delve any deeper into the relation between the work of this prolific experimental artist and his background in Arctic Quaternary geology, but they also entirely ignore the many other academic interests that inform his art, both conceptually and visually. Yet Kirkeby himself has proclaimed, "A picture without intellectual superstructure is nothing." In "The Artist as Polyhistor", Lars Morell provides the superstructure missing from other critical accounts by examining intellectual content and allusions in the Kirkeby oeuvre from eleven disciplinary perspectives -- everything from theology to genetics and eros to crystallography. In addition, he has drawn on personal conversations with the artist, whose comments on the manuscript have also been incorporated into the final text. Morell maintains that art that is genuinely about something is necessarily full of conflict and unexpected juxtapositions. As a result, the works he has sought out here are rarely beautiful in formal terms, but instead tend to be dissonant and dynamic, featuring breaks and breaches and irreconcilable elements. With 150 handsome illustrations, chiefly in colour, and a wide-ranging but clearly written text, this volume will appeal equally to the general reader and the specialist in contemporary art.

The church-builders of the Middle Ages treated the architecture of ancient Rome like a quarry full of prefabricated building materials. This resulted in some very eclectically and ingeniously constructed churches. In The Spolia Churches of Rome we learn of the principles for the distribution of these antique architectural elements and the significance of breaking down and building on the past. Also presented here is a selection of eleven particularly beautiful churches featuring a wide variety of spolia. This book also contains maps and other practical information which make it the ideal companion when seeking out the past in modern-day Rome.

The Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Norway, and Sweden) enjoy some of the happiest populations and highest standards of living in the world, thanks in part to stable, democratic systems of government. Here, David Delfs Erbo Andersen presents a syncretic history of political and socioeconomic developments in the three Scandinavian countries since the early modern period, and contrasts their peaceful transitions with the more dramatic histories of otherwise similar European countries, like France and Germany. Unlike these and many other countries—the United States among them—Scandinavia’s transition to democracy from monarchy was not marked by major violent upheavals or extreme political antagonism. Rather, Scandinavia’s peaceful process of democratization owed itself to the development of a penetrative bureaucracy in the early modern period and the activism of cooperative associations, first of farmers in the early nineteenth century and then of industrialized workers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Thanks to the gradual, relatively consensual adoption of political reforms and social norms, the history of ”Nordic democratic exceptionalism” today helps account for the ongoing stability of the Scandinavian countries.

An exploration of the world of Arne Jacobsen, one of the twentieth century’s most influential architects and designers​  The Danish architect Arne Jacobsen (1902–1971) is renowned both within and outside Denmark’s borders. Celebrated for his iconic chairs, Jacobsen was also an avid photographer and painter who was involved in the art world, where he found inspiration and new methods for developing architecture. This is the most comprehensive account of Jacobsen to date, diving into previously unknown aspects of his life and work. It uncovers how art played a seminal role in both his professional and personal life, placing him in the midst of the European postwar avant-garde art scene. Shedding new light on aspects of his creative life, the book challenges previous ideas about Jacobsen as a modernist iconoclast, positioning him instead as a creative innovator who worked closely with materials in transforming existing aesthetics. It also investigates how Jacobsen played a crucial role in defining Danish and Nordic welfare aesthetics. Beautifully designed, the book features famous and lesser-known works by Jacobsen, including chairs, textile designs, watercolour drawings, light fixtures, and architecture models, along with hundreds of previously unseen private photographs of Jacobsen and his many designs.

This second volume on the excavations of the Norwegian Viking town Kaupang 2000-2003 presents find types used in economic transactions - coins, hacksilver, ingots, weights and balances. Changes in type and volume of economic transactions at Kaupang and in Scandinavia are discussed, and the economic mentality of Viking crafts- and tradesmen is explored. In the early ninth century, silver and goods seem to have come to Kaupang mainly from the Carolinigian world. After the mid-ninth century this early system was altered. The increased availability of silver and the introduction in most of Scandinavia in the 860s-870s of standardized weights, paved the way for an increased use of silver as payment. The combined study of the find types and the sophisticated chronology of settlements' finds from sites like Kaupang give completely new insight into economy and exchange. The book demonstrates how sites like Kaupang led the way in economic development in Scandinavia and promoted an economic mentality that eventually led to the fundamental transformation of Scandinavian culture and society and culminated in the region's integration in High Middle Ages Christian Europe.

Human beings are inherently cultural beings -- growing up in an environment that is steeped in culture and developing our self-construal accordingly. The new psychology book series "Self in Culture in Mind" gathers current research per-spectives on this issue. This first volume sets the stage by examining the unfolding of self from a broad range of de-velopmental perspectives. Each chapter suggests a specific theoretical approach and provides original research within it. Together they document culturally mediated development at different stages of life and in different cultural settings, as ob-served by appropriate scientific methods.

The rise of China has had a transformative impact on almost all areas of global political, economic and social life, and raises some very important questions: Will the rise of China lead to the sinicisation of the international regime and the liberal order through the process of its historical transformation from being in a semi-periphery position to becoming part of the core of the capitalist world system? Will China be a cooperative actor or a disruptive one? A force for continuity or a force for change? Is China displaying an alternative development model to all other developing countries? Does China's ascent represent a new "beginning of history" rather than "end of history"? Will the rise of China lead to the peripherisation of existing semi-periphery countries, and to the altering of the traditional pattern of relationships between the exiting West-based world order and the developing world? This book provides a framework to understand China's re-emergence in the nexus of historical, economic, political and world-systems perspectives. It examines the multifaceted facts and explores the triple impact of China's rise to core, semi-periphery and periphery countries, with a focus on developing nations. China's rise has brought developing countries opportunities and challenges, as well as constraints. If developing countries can respond adequately, China's ascent represents new promises and new prospects.

This book is based on a unique and novel technique, C5, which can improve your quality of life. C5 offers five basic key parameters for strengthening your body and mind: "Concentration", "Calmness", "Confidence", "Contentment" and "Creativity", to which the book gives a detailed introduction. The book presents life's five stages, namely "Innocence", "Intelligence", "Innovativeness", "Involvement", and "Infinity". Life is short, and its limits are given. Living should bring happiness and pleasure, but most people have to cope with enormous problems stemming from heavy workloads, stress and anxiety. In our post-modern, technoscience world, every effort is being made to achieve a high standard of living. Still, few people find an effective solution for relieving stress and achieving their objectives in life. This book promotes an innovative and novel approach to achieving a good quality of life through unlocking your personalisation. The C5 concept looks on creativity as the foundation on which to build a successful life with no stress or tension, allowing you to enjoy nights of deep, peaceful sleep. This is what a good quality of life is really all about. Practising C5 is the simplest way toward steering and controlling your mind in order to unlock your hidden mental potential. The C5 method has been very successful in helping many people, most recently Leo, who is the scientific director of a university institute in the Netherlands, and Inga, a retired teacher from Denmark. Both have practised the C5 concept in their daily lives and they have found that life can indeed be free of stress and tension and that they can enjoy nights of good sleep. The book gives an insight into how Leo and Inga feel about C5 and their views on its value for human life. The book also describes plans for disseminating the C5 concept even further afield. A mind and body centre to educate and train people will be launched for the benefit of humankind. The vision, on which the centre's activities will be driven, will be to serve society by stimulating the growth of Quality of Life.

Culture is an all-pervasive concept and phenomenon that exerts influence on our social lives in many different ways, not least in business and working life. Taking a discursive and practice-related - approach to culture and intercultural collaboration, this book offers insight into a number of situations and incidents from the world of business and public organisations in which ways of talking about culture play a salient role in the development of collaboration and the shaping of identities and social roles. Thus, through the highlighting and discussion of cases from various professional contexts, the book aims at providing an understanding of the mechanisms at play when we meet, talk and work with people from other cultures, while suggesting how opportunities may be seized and challenges met. The book is comprised of ten case studies, which provide theoretical, methodological, and practical perspectives on the interplay between discourse, culture and collaboration, and the effect of this on identity formation and the construction of social roles. This involves the presentation and discussion of these concepts in various organisational settings such as large cross-border and multinational businesses, the public health sector, education and the European Union. The authors are scholars from Danish universities and business schools who have contributed substantially to the development of the field through the publication and dissemination of research in international journals and with international publishers. The book is for readers(scholars, students and professionals alike) who take an interest in cultural issues and the way they are constructed in professional settings.

Our century is the urban century -- a century in which the balance between urban and rural has been tipped with more than half of the world's population now living in cities. It is also a century characterised by an unprecedented urbanisation that has affected both urban form and urban life, and a century where the role of Urban Design has never been so intensified - and so urgent. It is our endeavour with this book to explore emergent theories and practices relating to urban design in order to better understand current processes of urbanisation and to intervene in our built environments with a focus on the quality of life in them. Through a series of articles and projects, Musings -- an urban design anthology brings together researchers, practitioners and students from the Urban Design Programme at the Department of Architecture, Design and Media Technology, Aalborg University with the aim of providing a multilayered and nuanced perspective on the discipline of urban design -- one that explores a number of optics through which urban design can be reflected upon, and ways in which the contemporary built environment can be intervened with. In this way the book navigates new frontiers in search of a better understanding of emerging urban culture. This journey presents a varied account of the urban design field through four chapters that reveal core themes framing both the theoretical and practical challenges of contemporary urbanity: Performativity, Mobility, Transformation, and Design & Method. Illustrating the direct relationship between research and teaching in the Urban Design Programme, the book investigates the themes through research and through project work of students at the Bachelor and Masters level. It is also the aim of this book to encourage continued discussion in the field of urban design through this - a contribution of our musings - manifested here in the theory, practice and production generated in the Urban Design Programme at Aalborg University.

Latin American responses to neoliberalism and globalization have been varied and development strategies have changed over the past decades. The responses to policies have often been social and political struggles. This volume seeks to present diverse perspectives on these issues from a variety of perspectives both theoretically and methodologically. The volume is divided into two sections each treating different topics under a common headline. In the first section the analyses have their point of departure in Development Strategies, State and Civil Society Actors. The second section deals with rights, identity formation and social movements' struggles as responses to the consequences of neo-liberal policies. The authors contributing to this volume come from different academic backgrounds and from both Denmark and Latin America. The chapters deal with examples from Brazil, Peru, Mexico, Bolivia and Uruguay.

Practice, praxis, traineeship, internship, or practicum, are all names for the specific arrangements where students from universities engage in real life experiences; in arrangements where they leave the secure tranquillity of the university and enter into the chaotic world of work. Practicum is a very good way of learning, and it can be very interesting for all parties involved. The students like it, even if it is cumbersome, frustrating and requires a lot of work -- work that is different from what they know from their previous encounters with the education system. In this book we ask a simple question in relation to practicum, paraphrasing Tom Paxton's song: "What did you learn in the real world today?" The question is asked without the irony of Paxton's original one. Neither are we indicating that the university is not real, but the question is simply asked in order to find out what is learned in the practicum. Students learn and they learn a lot. But the question is what is learned. In the chapters in this book we try to shed some light on this simple question. And it turns out that there is no simple answer. In this book we have confronted the question from philosophical and pedagogical perspectives and in addition to this we also investigated a number of cases of students learning in the real world.

This book presents discussions of how information and communication technology (ICT) can play a vital role in developing education and thereby developing communities, countries and regions. Through examples of current research in developing countries, a number of highly relevant questions and topics are dealt with, such as: Approaches to user involvement and participation in development; Knowledge and its role in development, particularly in higher education; Digital literacy and ways of developing it; Pedagogic approaches; Learning cultures in globalised education; Teacher training and education. The chapters in this volume are written by members of the international research group on ICT for Development (ICT4D) at Aalborg University together with researchers from around the world. This book is the first of its kind to concentrate fully on the relationship between ICT for development in the context of education. The book is essential reading for researchers, educational planners, policy advisers, students and educators.

In a metaphorical sense a thing is complex if it comprehends a magnitude of homogeneous or different things. However, it depends on the kind of comprehension, if we conceive something that consists of many things as complex or not. It is perhaps most distinctive for complex phenomena that their properties and behaviour are not reducible to the properties and behaviour of their elements. This poses some challenging metaphysical problems. The articles in this anthology do not follow a leitmotif -- aside from that all of them have a look at complexity problems in different areas of scientific research and show in which ways the challenges of complexity can be answered.

Human beings are inherently cultural beings -- growing up in an environment that is steeped in culture and developing our self-construal accordingly. The psychology book series "Self in Culture in Mind (SICIM)" gathers current research perspectives on this issue. This second volume in the series offers new theoretical and methodological frameworks for a deeper understanding of how self-construal is enabled, influenced and lived in culture. The book comprises four approaches to basic research, four applied perspectives, and a meta-theoretical integration. The basic research approaches highlight the roles of early memories, cultural artefacts, parents and peers in developing a cultured self, and examine the relationship between well-being and self-serving bias across culture; and the applications concern psychopathology's variation with culture, identity reconstruction after immigration and gendered violence, and family therapy across cultures. The integrative chapter identifies different kinds of self-knowledge captured by the preceding approaches and argues for a dynamic understanding of self-in-culture.

Is there within the domains of morality a distinction that can be properly drawn by using the concepts of applied and theoretical ethics? Could not all ethics be an application of something that has no theoretical foundation -- or perhaps only another kind of foundation? Or perhaps ethics could also be a theory about something that is altogether inapplicable? Moral philosophers have not managed to rule out the possibilities indicated by questions such as these and this fact could perhaps be taken as a reminder that a relevant moral philosophy should probably not distance itself too much from either putatively theoretical or applied aspects of moral issues. In the present volume a number of writers wrestle with the problem concerning applied and theoretical ethics, illuminating it from different angles.

In Roman religion, Terminus was an agrarian god who protected boundary markers. Stones were often used to provide an effective means for marking these boundaries, although a stump or a tree sometimes served to demarcate adjacent properties. The need to demarcate boundaries and define ends continues to shape our way of thinking at the most fundamental level. The articles in this book investigate among other things developments in literature, film, historiography and new digital entertainment to see how they reflect cultural anxieties about 'the end' and/or how they are determined by the need to mark boundaries. The contributions in the present volume are organised so that they reflect thematic, national and chronological perspectives. But they also show that it is possible to identify several threads of continuity in the way that 'the end' has been conceptualised. A collection of essays on terminus is to make a beginning. By examining ideas of culmination, conclusion, closure, finale and termination from the perspective of a number of various genres, cultural formations and historical contexts, the purpose is to discuss how endings are carriers of meaning in social and cultural contexts.

All children, regardless of age, gender, geographical and social background, whether they are well functioning or mentally disabled, thrive under the same conditions for well-being, and learn if they thrive. The challenges that our society is experiencing, make creativity and job satisfaction basic needs that we cannot ignore. This book is aimed primarily at the creative school and its brave defenders in a joint effort to continue to further develop the well-functioning elements and find new creative ways to meet our children's needs for learning, development, confidence and positivity. The purpose of this book is to inspire the teachers who believe that creativity should be a central focus in school, and that artistic creativity can greatly contribute to a more creative and reflective school. This inspiration is offered in the form of cases and examples illustrating the significant benefits that the integration of arts in teaching offers, such as positive emotions and cognitive intensity, but also in terms of concrete, effective practical tools.

Native and foreign language competences constitute a widespread object of study among different scholars both in more theoretically oriented frameworks within general linguistics and in applied linguistics such as second language acquisition research. This book shows how language competences can be understood from different perspectives. The eight chapters in this book treat various dimensions of language competences and different aspects of English, German, and Spanish. The aim is to provide some answers to the often raised questions regarding language competence in practical as well as principled ways and to provide new angles on these competences in areas such as general linguistics, business communications, legal language, and within the service sector. The authors have worked within the foreign language and linguistic field for many years, making substantial contributions through the publication and dissemination of research in international journals and with international publishers. This volume is aimed at readers (scholars, students and professionals alike) who take an interest in language competences. The book thus offers a broad view on native and foreign language competences and the various facets of these concepts that are reflected in our multicultural and multilingual societies.

This book raises a discussion in regard to architecture's role as a catalyst for urban development. Through studies of eight architectural projects in large cities on four different continents, the focus is placed on how architecture can promote the enriching experiences of the tolerant, the democratic, the learning and the experience rich city. In other words: The city worth living in, worth supporting and worth investing in. The projects operate with a mix of design programs, organised so that they invite diverse user groups to a variety of activities. Visual and other sensuous architectural effects frame the interaction between the projects and the human activities within their urban context -- an interaction that indicates a direction for a new narrative about the potential of place. The book is written for everybody with an interest in architecture and urban life in large cities and is a must-read for students of architecture, urban design, town planning, urban geography, urban sociology and aesthetic studies.

The book brings about the invincible process of internationalisation, encompassing various levels of analysis. Taking a holistic point of view, the volume brings about key alterations preserving how economies, industries and firms adjust their activities, value systems and cognitive frameworks to accomplish relevant approaches to the internationalisation. In the process of the internationalisation of firms and industries as well as the liberalisation of the economy there have appeared new interdependencies among these actors alongside the value chain as well as among individual countries and industries.

The current climate of fiscal austerity poses significant challenges for the health of populations across Europe, and deteriorating social conditions make some groups of individuals especially vulnerable to illness and have the potential to exacerbate existing inequalities in health and in access to healthcare. These challenges are occurring alongside other significant trends: the health system reforms, which are shifting the emphasis of healthcare from public provision towards a public/private mix, the integration of health and social services, nudging as a new approach to health promotion, the redefinition of the service user as a consumer, a growing emphasis on individual responsibility for health and lifestyles and on biological citizenship, the pharmaceuticalisation of everyday life and the increasing deterioration in the mental health of people in contemporary societies. The work of healthcare professionals is also undergoing significant changes, as their work comes under increased surveillance and monitoring, raising implications for the relations with patients, for the kind of care that is provided, and for the experience of patients. In different ways, and based on different cases, this book deals with challenges for health and healthcare in a European context now and in the future. This includes challenges on an individual level, such as individual views and behaviour, and on a societal level, such as inequality. The book applies to students, researchers, healthcare professionals and decision makers within health and healthcare in a national or international context.

In recent years, rapid changes to Arctic environments and conditions have spurred much anal-ysis into the melting of sea and inland ice, the opening up of new sea routes, impacts on flora and fauna, and increased access to globally desired resources. In this book the focus is di-rected at a more rarely considered aspect of climate-induced change in the region: the Arctic cultures and societies that both affect and are themselves affected by the changes. For the people of the Arctic, change provokes and re-emphasises positions as rights and landholders, as well as ambivalent positions as stakeholders, developers and wardens of resources. In times characterised by such change and ambivalence, heritage offers itself as a means by which a community can meaningfully relate to both past and future; but its use (and the inclusion and exclusion of particular identity-building elements) must also be continuously negotiated. In this book scholars from the social and human sciences explore change and transformation from two resource-inspired angles: it keeps a constant focus on the impact of change on tangible and intangible heritage, as well as on some of the cultural and social heritage features that must themselves be considered as resources in an environment characterised by change.

In todays globalised society, people are travelling more than ever. But they do so for different reasons, to different extents, and not least on radically different terms. Many go on holiday close to home or far away, commute regularly to and from work, and frequently visit family and friends in other countries. At the same time, migration is on the rise, and in recent years Europe has also experienced the arrival of the largest number of refugees in the history of the continent. Through contemporary art projects, Transit: Art, Mobility and Migration in the Age of Globalisation looks at the many different kinds of travellers whose paths cross daily in public transit zones. Who are they? Why are they travelling? Under what conditions do they travel? And what is their relationship to each other and to transit zones as sites of social and political negotiation? The research-based exhibition project Transit on which the publication is based, included art projects at stations and on the E line with an international exhibition at the museum, also includes an extensive educational activities, a website and collaboration with the Danish newspaper Information that includes debates and a publication. As a key element of the Transit project, furthermore KØS has in collaboration with Aalborg University Press published the research-based publication Transit: Art, Mobility and Migration in the Age of Globalisation. The publication includes a foreword by director of KØS Museum of Art in Public Spaces Ulrikke Neergaard and a research article based on the exhibition by postdoc and project curator Sabine Dahl Nielsen. The publication also includes an article based on mobilities theory by professor in sociology at Drexel University Mimi Sheller as well as an article based on migration politics written by architect Lorenzo Pezzani and filmmaker Charles Heller, both co-founders of Forensic Oceanography that is part of the collective research network Forensic Architecture, based at Goldsmiths, University of London. The artists Madame Nielsen og Pejk Malinovski each contributes with texts connected to their projects specifically produced to Transit. The publication also presents all of Transits art projects, debate events and educational activities and is richly illustrated with photographs from the exhibition at KØS Museum of Art in Public Spaces as well as documentation of the creation of projects in urban space and the participation and response of the public. Transit: Art, Mobility and Migration in the Age of Globalisation is aimed at art and cultural workers, for activists within the field of migration policy as well as for students, teachers and researchers in eg. art history, sociology, cultural geography and culture, curation, mobility and migration theory. The Transit research project and exhibition has only been made possible thanks to the generous support of Nordea-fonden. Transit is based on postdoc research project funded by the New Carlsberg Foundation. For more information on Transit visit the website www.itransit.dk

The immense historical importance of the navy of Classical Athens is evident in her struggles against Persia ending at the Battle of Salamis, the city's central role in the First Delian League, the decades of Athens' supremacy as an imperial naval power, the victories and vicissitudes of the Peloponnesian War, and the revival and fall of the Athenian navy during the 4th century BC. With Athens navy's importance came that of her harbour city, the Piraeus, where naval bases in Zea, Mounichia and Kantharos Harbours housed hundreds of triremes that served as the primary arm of Athenian power. This first volume of the peer-reviewed Ancient Harbours of the Piraeus series is the culmination of the first phase of archaeological investigations by the Zea Harbour Project, 2001-2006. The study focuses on Zea Harbour, where two previously unidentified building phases were discovered: the unroofed Phase 1 slipways, most likely belonging to the early 5th century BC, and the Phase 2 shipsheds built later in that century. This is the first solid material evidence of the naval installations dating to the zenith of Athenian military, political and cultural hegemony. In addition, shipsheds (Phase 3) that have been documented previously by W. Dorpfeld and I.C. Dragatsis (1885) are dated to 375-350 BC (terminus post quem) and architecturally redefined as double-unit shipsheds designed to house two ships stored end to end. Also among the principle discoveries are the establishment and measurement of relative changes in sea level since antiquity - a key piece of the puzzle, and one that has led to a broader understanding of the topography of the ancient harbours of the Piraeus. The naval installations built in Zea Harbour in the 4th century BC were amongst the largest building complexes of antiquity and were essential for maintaining an operational fleet. In the late 330s BC, the shipsheds at Zea extended over an area of more than 55,000 m2; including the shipsheds in Kantharos and Mounichia Harbours, the total area covered by the shipshed complexes in the Piraeus was close to 110,000 m2. Hundreds of colonnades and side-walls carried the massive tiled roofs of these shipsheds, which clearly conveyed Athens' determination to 'monumentalise' and glorify the naval bases that protected the city's fleet of swift triremes at the height of her power.

An emerging interest in group guidance, collective forms, and integrative approaches is evident in Denmark and serves to contest a conventional individualistic mode of delivery. The latter being criticised for being both resource heavy and in risk of contributing to feelings of failure in those who are less successful with educational outcomes or employment. By showing how guidance activities can develop within the community generally, the book puts forward a decentred perspective. Career guidance is not an objective in itself; it is a means to support a person's participation in the economic society through education and work. The author shows how the participants in career guidance modify and change practice, thereby creating new possibilities for themselves and each other.

For centuries the practice of undertaking fieldwork and expeditions has been adopted as an essential part of research by scientists and scholars from diverse disciplines. As a method of collecting on-site data through observation, the practice is shared by disciplines ranging from biology and botany, through geology, geography, and archaeology to anthropology, linguistics, and folklore studies. Presenting 17 essays by 17 scholars from almost as many disciplines of knowledge, this volume contains a rich tapestry of stories from -- and about -- 'the field', from early modern times until the present day. Taking us around the globe, from Europe to Asia, from the Arctic to Africa and America, this book investigates the entanglement of scientific, political, social, cultural, and personal interests and agendas that have shaped, and still shape, our effort to explore, explain, and exploit the world.

The present monograph takes its place in a now well-established tradition of seeing sarcophagi as visual statements of deceased individuals that used allegories to plot lives and personal memories against mythological and other idealised narratives. It focuses on Roman sarcophagi, often referred to as stadtrömisch, which reflects the fact that the field has traditionally been dominated by German scholars. The aim of the book is twofold: Firstly, it is an exploration of how to read Roman sarcophagi, which starts from those with portraits, but which can contribute more broadly to the study of sarcophagi in general. Secondly, this book investigates gender values as represented through images and how to locate the individual in standardised iconography.