Principles and Techniques
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Köp båda 2 för 838 krDuring the past ten years a variety of methods involving mass spectrom etry have been developed for the analysis of environmentally important compounds. Much has been accomplished in that period to solve some of the important problems in the field...
1. Introduction. An overview. Computerization. 2. Gas Chromatography. Fundamentals. Van Deemter equation: significance, evaluation. Columns: packed columns, wall-coated open tubular columns. Detectors: thermal conductivity detector, flame ionization detector, electron capture detector. Analysis techniques: sample injection, temperature programming, retention index. Instrumentation: computerization, data acquisition and analysis. Suggested reading. 3. Mass Spectrometry. Fundamentals: electron ionization, chemical ionization. Instrumentation: quadrupole mass spectrometers, magnetic sector mass spectrometers. Interpretation of mass spectra: types of ions, isotopic abundances and characteristic ion clusters, nitrogen rule and rings-plus-double-bonds, steps in interpretation, examples, problems. Suggested reading. 4. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Vacuum and gas flow: basic principles, analysis of vacuum and gas flow, interfaces. Computerization: computerized operation, characteristics. Data analysis: reconstructed gas chromatogram, mass chromatogram, selected ion monitoring, background subtraction, Biller-Biemann stripping technique. Compound identification using reference spectra matching: mass spectral compilations, methods of computerized mass spectral search, commercial mass spectral computer search systems. Quantitative analysis by selected ion monitoring: choice of ions, magnetic versus quadrupole analyzers, identification and quantitation procedures, use of isotopically labelled compounds, precision, accuracy, and limit of detection. Automated GC-MS operation: automated data acquisition, automated data analysis, total automated analysis. GC-MS-computer instrumentation: Finnigan MAT systems, Hewlett-Packard systems. Suggested reading. 5. GC-MS-Computer Applications. Analysis of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans: incinerator emissions, biological samples, summary and conclusions. Use of high performance liquid chromatography for complex mixture analysis: HPLC fractionation of the mixture into compound types. Use of high resolution GC-MS for identity confirmation. New developments: MS-MS: description of the technique, scan techniques, instrumental configurations, comparison of GC-MS and MS-MS. Suggested reading. 6. Glossary. Subject Index.