A Balanced Introduction to Computer Science Pearson International Edition 3rd Revised Edition

"The textbook [Reed] explains a concept, shows the code, then give a pictorial example to reinforce that point. An excellent example is in chapter four when talking about ONMOUSEOVER and ONMOUSEOUT." -- Dr. Jenna Miley, Bainbridge College "The thing that struck me [about Reed] was how the examples are presented followed by adding functionality, basically anticipating questions that a reader would have after doing the examples." -- Lionel Craddock, Bluefield State College "The examples are illuminating and effective." -- Lionel Craddock, Bluefield State College "This text [Reed] offers very clear explanations of difficult topics." -- Ralph Hooper, University of Alabama "Reed's examples are relevant and fun; his language is clear and concise, and his use of the language is accessible to non-majors." -- Arnold D. Miles, Georgetown University "The programming is presented in a well-organized manner; it builds smoothly." -- Arnold D. Miles, Georgetown University

David Reed is an Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of Computer Science at Creighton University in Omaha, Nebraska. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. in computer science from Duke University in 1992, and subsequently taught and conducted research at Duke University and Dickinson College before joining the Creighton faculty in 2000. His primary interests are in artificial intelligence, programming languages, and computer science education, where he has published extensively on topics such as apprentice-based learning, Web-based programming, and innovative instructional methods in introductory computer science. He is a member of the Liberal Arts Computer Science Consortium and the Chief Reader for the Advanced Placement(R) Computer Science Exam since 2004.

Contents
Preface xv
1 Computer Basics 1
What Is a Computer? 1
Hardware 3
Central Processing Unit (CPU) 4
Memory 6
Input/Output Devices (I/O) 8
Software 9
Operating Systems 10
Internet and the Web 12
Web Browsers and Servers 13
Web Addresses 14
Accessing Local Pages 15
Looking Ahead... 15
Chapter Summary 16
Review Questions 17
References 18

2 HTML and Web Pages 19
HTML Basics 20
HTML Tags 20
HTML Elements 21
Document Formatting 22
Text Spacing 22
Headings and Alignment 23
Font Formatting 25
Hypertext and Multimedia 27
Hyperlinks 27
Images 28
Lists 30
Formatting Lists 32
Tables 33
Table Borders 33
Table Alignment 34
Making Pages Publicly Viewable 36
Looking Ahead... 37
Chapter Summary 38
Supplemental Material and Exercises 39

3 The Internet and the Web 43
History of the Internet 44
ARPANet 44
Growth and Privatization 45
How the Internet Works 48
Distributed Network 48
Packet Switching 49
Internet Protocols: TCP/IP 50
Domain Names 50
History of the Web 52
Hypertext and the Web 52
Mainstream Adoption of the Web 53
Web Growth 54
How the Web Works 55
HTML 55
Web Protocol: HTTP 55
Caching 56
Looking Ahead... 56
Chapter Summary 57
Review Questions 58
Endnotes 59
References 59

4 JavaScript and Dynamic Web Pages 61
Dynamic Web Pages 62
HTML Event Handlers 62
The onclickEvent Handler 65
Interaction via Buttons 66
Input Buttons 66
Dynamic Text within a Page 69
Alert Windows 69
The innerHTMLAttribute 70
Example: Quotations Page 73
Looking Ahead... 75
Chapter Summary 75
Supplemental Material and Exercises 76

5 JavaScript and User Interaction 79
User Input via Text Boxes 79
The Text Box Element 80
Example: Form Letter Page 82
JavaScript Variables 83
Variables for Reusing Values 84
Example: Fill-in-the-Blank Story 85
Variables for Temporary Values 86
Web Pages That Compute 88
JavaScript Numbers and Expressions 88
Number Representation 90
Text Boxes and parseFloat91
Example: Grade Calculation 94
Programming Errors and Debugging 94
Looking Ahead... 95
Chapter Summary 95
Supplemental Material and Exercises 96

6 The History of Computers 100
Generation 0: Mechanical Computers (16421945) 101
Programmable Devices 102
Electromagnetic Relays 104
Generation 1: Vacuum Tubes (19451954) 105
Computing and World War II 106
The von Neumann Architecture 108
Generation 2: Transistors (19541963) 109
High-Level Programming Languages 110
Generation 3: Integrated Circuits (19631973) 110
Large Scale Integration 111
Computing for Businesses 111
Ge...