AP® Chemistry Test Prep for Chemistry

About our author Nivaldo Tro has been teaching college chemistry since 1990 and is currently teaching at the College of Creatives at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and at Santa Barbara City College. He received his Ph.D. in chemistry from Stanford University for work on developing and using optical techniques to study the adsorption and desorption of molecules to and from surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum. He then went on to the University of California at Berkeley, where he did postdoctoral research on ultrafast reaction dynamics in solution. Professor Tro has been awarded grants from the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund, the Research Corporation, and the National Science Foundation to study the dynamics of various processes occurring in thin adlayer films adsorbed on dielectric surfaces. Professor Tro lives in Santa Barbara with his wife, Ann. In his leisure time, Professor Tro enjoys cycling, surfing, and being outdoors.

• Matter, Measurement, and Problem SolvingAtoms and ElementsMolecules and CompoundsChemical Reactions and Chemical QuantitiesIntroduction to Solutions and Aqueous ReactionsGasesThermochemistryThe Quantum-Mechanical Model of the AtomPeriodic Properties of the ElementsChemical Bonding I: The Lewis ModelChemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, Valence Bond Theory, and Molecular Orbital TheoryLiquids, Solids, and Intermolecular ForcesSolids and Modern MaterialsSolutionsChemical KineticsChemical EquilibriumAcids and BasesAqueous Ionic EquilibriumFree Energy and ThermodynamicsElectrochemistryRadioactivity and Nuclear ChemistryOrganic ChemistryBiochemistryChemistry of the NonmetalsMetals and MetallurgyTransition Metals and Coordination CompoundsAPPENDICES Common Mathematical Operations in ChemistryUseful DataAnswers to Selected ExercisesAnswers to In-Chapter Practice Problems