Major Problems in African American History

Barbara Krauthamer is associate professor of history and associate dean of the Graduate School at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. She received her bachelor’s degree from Dartmouth College and her doctorate from Princeton University. She is the author of two books and many articles on the history of slavery and emancipation. She has written Black Slaves, Indian Masters: Slavery, Emancipation, and Citizenship in the Native American South. She is the coauthor of Envisioning Emancipation: Black Americans and the End of Slavery. The latter book was awarded the 2013 NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work in Nonfiction and received Honorable Mention from the Black Caucus of the American Library Association. She has received grants and awards from the Association of Black Women Historians; the National Endowment for the Humanities; Stanford University’s Research Institute for Comparative Studies in Race and Ethnicity; Yale University’s Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition; the Institute for Historical Studies at the University of Texas at Austin; and the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. Her current research focuses on enslaved women’s lives during the era of the American Revolution. Chad Williams is associate professor and chair of the Department of African and Afro-American Studies at Brandeis University. Chad Williams earned his BA with honors in History and African American Studies and received both his MA and Ph.D. in History from Princeton University. Williams specializes in African American and modern U.S. history, African American military history, the World War I era, and African American intellectual history. His first book, Torchbearers of Democracy: African American Soldiers in the World War I Era, was published in 2010 by the University of North Carolina Press. Torchbearers of Democracy won the 2011 Liberty Legacy Foundation Award from the Organization of American Historians, the 2011 Distinguished Book Award from the Society for Military History, and designation as a 2011 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title. He is coeditor of Charleston Syllabus: Readings on Race, Racism and Racial Violence, published in 2016 by University of Georgia Press. He has published articles and book reviews in numerous leading journals and collections. Williams has earned fellowships from the American Council of Learned Societies, the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, the Ford Foundation, and the Woodrow Wilson Foundation. He is currently completing a study of W. E. B. Du Bois and the history of World War I.

• Chapter 1: Interpreting African American History1.The Brownies' Book Encourages Black Children to Know Their History, 19202.Carter G. Woodson on His Goals for Black History, 19223.Arthur (Arturo) Schomburg Provides a History of Black Achievement, 19254.Mary McLeod Bethune on the Contributions and Objectives of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, 19355.John Hope Franklin Explains the Lonely Dilemma of the American Negro Scholar, 19636.Vincent Harding on the Differences Between Negro History and Black History, 19717.Lucille Clifton on the Nurturing of History, c. 19908.James Oliver Horton, “Slavery in American History: An Uncomfortable National Dialogue”Essays:1.Becoming a Black Woman’s Historian by Darlene Clark Hines 2.Black Scholars and Memory in the Age of Black Studies by Jonathan Scott Holloway (MindTap-only)Chapter 2: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: Africans and the Middle Passage to the Americas1. Willem Bosman, a Dutch Trader, Describes the Details of Bargaining for Slaves, 17012. William Snelgrave, an English Trader, Describes the Business of Slave Trading and Two Slave Mutinies, 17343. Olaudah Equiano, an Ibo boy, Describes the Middle Passage4. “Tight-Packing” for the Middle Passage, c. 1790s5. Narratives of Ashy and Sibell, Two Enslaved Women in Barbados 6. Newspaper Advertisement for the Sale of African Slaves in CharlestonEssays1. "The Number of Women Doeth Much Disparayes the Whole Cargoe”: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and West African Gender Roles" by Jennifer Morgan2. Chapter 33 of The Diligent: A Voyage through the Worlds of the Slave Trade by Robert HarmsChapter 3: Africans in the Colonial Americas: North America & West Indies1. John Rolfe Records the Arrival of African Slaves to Virginia, August 16192. Virginia Lawmakers Distinguish Slaves from Indentured Servants, 1705 3. Lord Dunmore, a British General, Offers Freedom to Slaves of Colonial Rebels, 1775 4. Elizabeth Freeman, an Enslaved Woman in Massachusetts Sues for Her Freedom, 17815. Newspaper Notices for South Carolina Slaves Who Escaped from Their Owners 6. The Haitian Declaration of Independence, 1804Essays 1.Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution by Laurent Dubois2.Excerpt from Death or Liberty by Douglas Egerton (MindTap-only)Chapter 4: African Culture in the Americas1.A Grave Decorated in African Style, 19442.George Whitefield, A Religious Revivalist, Encourages Conversion and Education, 17403.Musical Instruments Reflect African Cultural History4.Carved Wooden Figures, Made by African Americans in Georgia5.Wooden Gravemarkers at Sunbury, Georgia6.Carved Masks and Wooden Chains, Made by African Americans in Georgia7.Dormer Slaves on St. Simons Island, Georgia Speak about Their History8.Ben Sullivan at St. Simons IslandEssay1.Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South by Michael Gomez2.Chapter 1 in Black Culture and Black Consciousness by Lawrence LevineChapter 5: Slavery and Slaves in the United States1. Sections from the Constitution of the United States 2. A Notice for the Sale of Slaves in Virginia, February 17, 1812 3. Charles Ball Describes Cotton Plantation Labor 4. James Henry Hammond, a Slaveowner, Instructs His Overseer on the Ideal Disciplinary Regime, c. 1840s5. Letters Showing Relations Between Slave Husbands and Wives, 1840-18636. Harriet Jacobs Describes Her Life in Slavery and Her Escape from North Carolina 7. Choctaw Slaveholder Describes the Health of Her Slaves in Indian Territory Essays 1.Generations of Captivity by Ira Berlin 2.“‘In Pressing Need of Cash'": Gender, Skill and Family Persistence in the Domestic Slave Trade by Daina R. Berry (MindTap-only)Chapter 6: Slavery and Slaves in the United States1. Owner’s Accounts of Black Sailors on the Ship “Peru”2. David Walker Calls for Free and Enslaved People to Fight Against Slavery