Metaphor Compass

Marianna Bolognesi is Associate Professor at the University of Bologna, Italy, and past Research Associate for the Creative Multilingualism project in the Department of Medieval and Modern Languages at the University of Oxford, UK.Ana Werkmann Horvat is an Assistant Professor at the University of Osijek, Croatia, and past Research Associate for the Creative Multilingualism project in the Department of Medieval and Modern Languages at the University of Oxford, UK.

This book is a real tour de force. It provides an excellent, detailed and thought-provoking account of how and why metaphor use varies across different speakers and across languages. It provides interesting insights into the nature of creative metaphor and the relationship it has with creative thinking more generally. A must-read for metaphor researchers and students.Jeannette Littlemore, University of Birmingham, UK

• AcknowledgementsIntroductionPART I - Metaphor and Linguistic Diversity Chapter 1: Metaphoric expressions around the world: Variability and motivations 1.1 Key aspects and open questions: types of metaphoric expressions 1.2. Research directions: The motivations for metaphor variability 1.3 Metaphor variability applied: The interesting case of emotion-color associations 1.4 Summary 1.5 Activities Chapter 2: Conceptual metaphors around the world: Variability and motivations 2.1. Key aspects and open questions: The universality of metaphor 2.2 Research directions: How language drives thought 2.3. Metaphor variability applied: Building cross-linguistic repositories 2.4 Summary 2.5 Activities PART II - Metaphor and Cognition Chapter 3: Meaning variability: Literal and metaphorical meanings3.1 Key aspects and open questions: On the status of literal vs. metaphorical meaning 3.2 Research directions: Processing literal vs. metaphorical meaning 3.3 Metaphor processing applied: Understanding literal vs. metaphorical meaning 3.4 Summary3.5 ActivitiesChapter 4: Speakers’ variability: First- vs. second-language speakers processing metaphors4.1 Key aspects and open questions: Metaphorical competence in L1 and L2/LS4.2 Research directions: From the classroom to the lab4.3 Metaphor processing applied: L2 vs. L1 speakers use of conventional metaphors4.4 Summary4.5 ActivitiesPART III – Metaphor and Communication Chapter 5: Metaphor variability in monomodal and multimodal communication 5.1 Key aspects and open questions: Genres and modes of metaphor expression 5.2 Research directions: The interpretation of metaphors expressed beyond language 5.3 Metaphor variability across modes applied: Tools for metaphor identification and analysis in still and moving images 5.4 Summary 5.5 Activities Chapter 6: Metaphor in verbal vs. visual communication6.1 Key aspects and open questions: Metaphoric pictorial expressions and conceptual metaphors 6.2 Research directions: On the role of iconicity in constructing metaphors in different semiotic systems 6.3 Metaphor variability across modes applied: on the deliberateness of metaphors expressed beyond language6.4 Summary6.5 ActivitiesPART IV - Metaphor and Creativity Chapter 7: Creativity and metaphorical thinking and talking7.1 Key aspects and open questions: Creative thinking7.2 Research directions: Linguistic creativity and metaphor7.3 Variability in creative metaphor applied: mixing idiomatic expressions and novel idioms7.4 Summary7.5 ActivitiesChapter 8: Different ways to be creative with metaphors in language 8.1 Key aspects and open questions: Degrees of creativity8.2 Research directions: The effect of creative metaphor8.3 Variability in creative metaphor applied: how different groups of speakers comprehend different types of creative metaphoric expressions8.4 Summary8.5 ActivitiesConclusion