JAMES AMBROSE is Editor of the Parker/Ambrose Series of Simplified Design Guides. He practiced as an architect in California and Illinois, and as a structural engineer in Illinois. He was also a professor of architecture at the University of Southern California. PATRICK TRIPENY is an Associate Professor at the University of Utah's Graduate School of Architecture.

"Updated to reflect current building codes, design practices, and industry standards, this accessible text for students of building design covers today's most commonly used concrete structures. Concise descriptions of the design of various structural elements are accompanied by illustrative examples and problems to be solved by the reader." (Book News, February 2008)

• Preface to the Eighth Edition xiPreface to the First Edition xvIntroduction 11 Structural Use of Concrete 101.1 Concrete as a Structural Material 101.2 Common Forms of Concrete Structures 111.3 Primary Situations for Investigation and Design 131.4 Materials and Nature of Structural Concrete 141.5 Significant Properties of Concrete 181.6 Reinforcement 221.7 Prestressed Concrete 261.8 Design of Concrete Mixes 301.9 Special Concretes 312 Considerations for Production of Concrete 332.1 General Concerns for Concrete 332.2 Concerns for Structural Concrete 342.3 Sitecast Concrete 352.4 Design and Production Controls 382.5 Inspection and Testing 392.6 Installation of Reinforcement 412.7 Precast Concrete 422.8 Mixed Systems: Sitecast and Precast 472.9 Concrete Masonry 483 General Requirements for Reinforced Concrete Structures 503.1 Code and Industry Standards 503.2 Practical Considerations 513.3 Control of Cracking 553.4 General Requirements for Steel Reinforcement 564 Investigation and Design of Reinforced Concrete 594.1 Situations for Investigation and Design 594.2 Methods of Investigation and Design 614.3 The Stress Method 624.4 The Strength Method 624.5 Investigation of Columns and Beams 634.6 Investigation of Column and Beam Frames 724.7 Approximate Investigation of Indeterminate Structures 785 Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) 835.1 Limit States Versus Service Conditions 835.2 Loads for Design 845.3 Resistance Factors 855.4 Strength Design Processes 866 Reinforced Concrete Flexural Members 876.1 General Flexural Actions 876.2 Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams 886.3 Investigation and Design for Flexure 906.4 Beams in Sitecast Systems 1016.5 T-Beams 1046.6 Beams with Compression Reinforcement 1106.7 Spanning Slabs 1176.8 Deflection Control 1227 Shear in Concrete Structures 1257.1 General Concerns for Shear 1257.2 Shear in Beams 1267.3 Shear Reinforcement for Beams 1277.4 Design for Beam Shear 1338 Anchorage and Development of Reinforcement 1428.1 Development of Stress in Tension Reinforcement 1438.2 Hooks 1468.3 Bar Development in Continuous Beams 1488.4 Splices in Reinforcement 1498.5 Development of Compressive Reinforcement 1508.6 Developed Anchorage for Frame Continuity 1539 Flat-Spanning Concrete Systems 1549.1 Slab and Beam Systems 1559.2 General Considerations for Beams 1629.3 Other Flat-Spanning Systems 1679.4 Design Aids 17810 Concrete Columns 18010.1 Effects of Compression Force 18010.2 Reinforcement for Columns 18210.3 Types of Columns 18410.4 General Requirements for Columns 18610.5 Combined Compression and Bending 18710.6 Considerations for Column Shape 18910.7 Columns in Sitecast Frames 19110.8 Multistory Columns 19210.9 Design Methods and Aids 19410.10 Approximate Design of Tied Columns 19510.11 Round Columns 20210.12 Special Concerns for Concrete Columns 20410.13 Vertical Concrete Compression Elements 20510.14 Concrete Masonry Columns and Piers 20811 Column and Beam Frames 21011.1 Two-Dimensional Frames 21111.2 Three-Dimensional Frames 21211.3 Mixed Frame and Wall Systems 21411.4 Special Problems of Concrete Framed Bents 21712 Concrete Walls 22112.1 Sitecast Walls: General Concerns 22112.2 Concrete Bearing Walls 22312.3 Concrete Basement Walls 22612.4 Concrete Shear Walls 23012.5 Precast Concrete Walls 23012.6 Concrete Masonry Walls 23113 Foundations 23313.1 General Concerns for Foundations 23413.2 Soil Conditions Related to Foundation Design 23513.3 Foundation Design: Criteria and Process 23713.4 Shallow Bearing Foundations 23813.5 Wall Footings 24013.6 Column Footings 24913.7 Special Column Footings 25813.8 Pedestals 25913.9 Foundation Walls and Grade Beams 26613.10 Deep Foundations 27014 Miscellaneous Concrete Structures 27714.1 Paving Slabs 27714.2 Framed Floors on Grade 28014.3 Cantilever Retaining Walls 28114.4 Abutments 29115 General Considerations for Building Structures 29615.1 Choice of Building Construction 29615.2 Structural Design Standards 29715.3 Loads for Structural Design 29815.4 Dead Loads 29815.5 Building Code Requirements for Structures 30115.6 Live Loads 30315.7 Lateral Loads (Wind and Earthquake) 30615.8 Load Combinations 31015.9 Determination of Design Loads 31015.10 Structural Planning 31215.11 Building Systems Integration 31315.12 Economics 31316 Building Structures: Design Examples 31616.1 Building One: General Considerations 31716.2 Building One: Support and Site Structures 31716.3 Building Two: General Considerations 32616.4 Building Two: Design for Gravity Loads 32616.5 Building Two: Design for Lateral Loads 32916.6 Building Two: Alternative Structure 34016.7 Building Three: Alternative Structure One 34116.8 Building Three: Alternative Structure Two 34416.9 Building Three: Alternative Structure Three 34816.10 Building Four: General Considerations 34916.11 Building Four: Concrete and Masonry Structure 35316.12 Building Four: Design for Lateral Loads 35916.13 Building Four: All-Concrete Structure 36116.14 Building Five: General Considerations 36416.15 Building Five: Masonry and Frame Structure 36816.16 Building Five: The Concrete Structure 37416.17 Building Five: Alternative Floor Structure 398Glossary 401Study Aids 405Terms 405Questions 408Answers to Questions 411Answers to Exercise Problems 415References 419Index 421

JAMES AMBROSE is Editor of the Parker/Ambrose Series of Simplified Design Guides. He practiced as an architect in California and Illinois, and as a structural engineer in Illinois. He was also a professor of architecture at the University of Southern California. PATRICK TRIPENY is an Associate Professor at the University of Utah's Graduate School of Architecture.

"Updated to reflect current building codes, design practices, and industry standards, this accessible text for students of building design covers today's most commonly used concrete structures. Concise descriptions of the design of various structural elements are accompanied by illustrative examples and problems to be solved by the reader." (Book News, February 2008)

• Preface to the Eighth Edition xiPreface to the First Edition xvIntroduction 11 Structural Use of Concrete 101.1 Concrete as a Structural Material 101.2 Common Forms of Concrete Structures 111.3 Primary Situations for Investigation and Design 131.4 Materials and Nature of Structural Concrete 141.5 Significant Properties of Concrete 181.6 Reinforcement 221.7 Prestressed Concrete 261.8 Design of Concrete Mixes 301.9 Special Concretes 312 Considerations for Production of Concrete 332.1 General Concerns for Concrete 332.2 Concerns for Structural Concrete 342.3 Sitecast Concrete 352.4 Design and Production Controls 382.5 Inspection and Testing 392.6 Installation of Reinforcement 412.7 Precast Concrete 422.8 Mixed Systems: Sitecast and Precast 472.9 Concrete Masonry 483 General Requirements for Reinforced Concrete Structures 503.1 Code and Industry Standards 503.2 Practical Considerations 513.3 Control of Cracking 553.4 General Requirements for Steel Reinforcement 564 Investigation and Design of Reinforced Concrete 594.1 Situations for Investigation and Design 594.2 Methods of Investigation and Design 614.3 The Stress Method 624.4 The Strength Method 624.5 Investigation of Columns and Beams 634.6 Investigation of Column and Beam Frames 724.7 Approximate Investigation of Indeterminate Structures 785 Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) 835.1 Limit States Versus Service Conditions 835.2 Loads for Design 845.3 Resistance Factors 855.4 Strength Design Processes 866 Reinforced Concrete Flexural Members 876.1 General Flexural Actions 876.2 Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams 886.3 Investigation and Design for Flexure 906.4 Beams in Sitecast Systems 1016.5 T-Beams 1046.6 Beams with Compression Reinforcement 1106.7 Spanning Slabs 1176.8 Deflection Control 1227 Shear in Concrete Structures 1257.1 General Concerns for Shear 1257.2 Shear in Beams 1267.3 Shear Reinforcement for Beams 1277.4 Design for Beam Shear 1338 Anchorage and Development of Reinforcement 1428.1 Development of Stress in Tension Reinforcement 1438.2 Hooks 1468.3 Bar Development in Continuous Beams 1488.4 Splices in Reinforcement 1498.5 Development of Compressive Reinforcement 1508.6 Developed Anchorage for Frame Continuity 1539 Flat-Spanning Concrete Systems 1549.1 Slab and Beam Systems 1559.2 General Considerations for Beams 1629.3 Other Flat-Spanning Systems 1679.4 Design Aids 17810 Concrete Columns 18010.1 Effects of Compression Force 18010.2 Reinforcement for Columns 18210.3 Types of Columns 18410.4 General Requirements for Columns 18610.5 Combined Compression and Bending 18710.6 Considerations for Column Shape 18910.7 Columns in Sitecast Frames 19110.8 Multistory Columns 19210.9 Design Methods and Aids 19410.10 Approximate Design of Tied Columns 19510.11 Round Columns 20210.12 Special Concerns for Concrete Columns 20410.13 Vertical Concrete Compression Elements 20510.14 Concrete Masonry Columns and Piers 20811 Column and Beam Frames 21011.1 Two-Dimensional Frames 21111.2 Three-Dimensional Frames 21211.3 Mixed Frame and Wall Systems 21411.4 Special Problems of Concrete Framed Bents 21712 Concrete Walls 22112.1 Sitecast Walls: General Concerns 22112.2 Concrete Bearing Walls 22312.3 Concrete Basement Walls 22612.4 Concrete Shear Walls 23012.5 Precast Concrete Walls 23012.6 Concrete Masonry Walls 23113 Foundations 23313.1 General Concerns for Foundations 23413.2 Soil Conditions Related to Foundation Design 23513.3 Foundation Design: Criteria and Process 23713.4 Shallow Bearing Foundations 23813.5 Wall Footings 24013.6 Column Footings 24913.7 Special Column Footings 25813.8 Pedestals 25913.9 Foundation Walls and Grade Beams 26613.10 Deep Foundations 27014 Miscellaneous Concrete Structures 27714.1 Paving Slabs 27714.2 Framed Floors on Grade 28014.3 Cantilever Retaining Walls 28114.4 Abutments 29115 General Considerations for Building Structures 29615.1 Choice of Building Construction 29615.2 Structural Design Standards 29715.3 Loads for Structural Design 29815.4 Dead Loads 29815.5 Building Code Requirements for Structures 30115.6 Live Loads 30315.7 Lateral Loads (Wind and Earthquake) 30615.8 Load Combinations 31015.9 Determination of Design Loads 31015.10 Structural Planning 31215.11 Building Systems Integration 31315.12 Economics 31316 Building Structures: Design Examples 31616.1 Building One: General Considerations 31716.2 Building One: Support and Site Structures 31716.3 Building Two: General Considerations 32616.4 Building Two: Design for Gravity Loads 32616.5 Building Two: Design for Lateral Loads 32916.6 Building Two: Alternative Structure 34016.7 Building Three: Alternative Structure One 34116.8 Building Three: Alternative Structure Two 34416.9 Building Three: Alternative Structure Three 34816.10 Building Four: General Considerations 34916.11 Building Four: Concrete and Masonry Structure 35316.12 Building Four: Design for Lateral Loads 35916.13 Building Four: All-Concrete Structure 36116.14 Building Five: General Considerations 36416.15 Building Five: Masonry and Frame Structure 36816.16 Building Five: The Concrete Structure 37416.17 Building Five: Alternative Floor Structure 398Glossary 401Study Aids 405Terms 405Questions 408Answers to Questions 411Answers to Exercise Problems 415References 419Index 421

JAMES AMBROSE is Editor of the Parker/Ambrose Series of Simplified Design Guides. He practiced as an architect in California and Illinois, and as a structural engineer in Illinois. He was also a professor of architecture at the University of Southern California. PATRICK TRIPENY is an Associate Professor at the University of Utah's Graduate School of Architecture.

"Updated to reflect current building codes, design practices, and industry standards, this accessible text for students of building design covers today's most commonly used concrete structures. Concise descriptions of the design of various structural elements are accompanied by illustrative examples and problems to be solved by the reader." (Book News, February 2008)

• Preface to the Eighth Edition xiPreface to the First Edition xvIntroduction 11 Structural Use of Concrete 101.1 Concrete as a Structural Material 101.2 Common Forms of Concrete Structures 111.3 Primary Situations for Investigation and Design 131.4 Materials and Nature of Structural Concrete 141.5 Significant Properties of Concrete 181.6 Reinforcement 221.7 Prestressed Concrete 261.8 Design of Concrete Mixes 301.9 Special Concretes 312 Considerations for Production of Concrete 332.1 General Concerns for Concrete 332.2 Concerns for Structural Concrete 342.3 Sitecast Concrete 352.4 Design and Production Controls 382.5 Inspection and Testing 392.6 Installation of Reinforcement 412.7 Precast Concrete 422.8 Mixed Systems: Sitecast and Precast 472.9 Concrete Masonry 483 General Requirements for Reinforced Concrete Structures 503.1 Code and Industry Standards 503.2 Practical Considerations 513.3 Control of Cracking 553.4 General Requirements for Steel Reinforcement 564 Investigation and Design of Reinforced Concrete 594.1 Situations for Investigation and Design 594.2 Methods of Investigation and Design 614.3 The Stress Method 624.4 The Strength Method 624.5 Investigation of Columns and Beams 634.6 Investigation of Column and Beam Frames 724.7 Approximate Investigation of Indeterminate Structures 785 Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) 835.1 Limit States Versus Service Conditions 835.2 Loads for Design 845.3 Resistance Factors 855.4 Strength Design Processes 866 Reinforced Concrete Flexural Members 876.1 General Flexural Actions 876.2 Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams 886.3 Investigation and Design for Flexure 906.4 Beams in Sitecast Systems 1016.5 T-Beams 1046.6 Beams with Compression Reinforcement 1106.7 Spanning Slabs 1176.8 Deflection Control 1227 Shear in Concrete Structures 1257.1 General Concerns for Shear 1257.2 Shear in Beams 1267.3 Shear Reinforcement for Beams 1277.4 Design for Beam Shear 1338 Anchorage and Development of Reinforcement 1428.1 Development of Stress in Tension Reinforcement 1438.2 Hooks 1468.3 Bar Development in Continuous Beams 1488.4 Splices in Reinforcement 1498.5 Development of Compressive Reinforcement 1508.6 Developed Anchorage for Frame Continuity 1539 Flat-Spanning Concrete Systems 1549.1 Slab and Beam Systems 1559.2 General Considerations for Beams 1629.3 Other Flat-Spanning Systems 1679.4 Design Aids 17810 Concrete Columns 18010.1 Effects of Compression Force 18010.2 Reinforcement for Columns 18210.3 Types of Columns 18410.4 General Requirements for Columns 18610.5 Combined Compression and Bending 18710.6 Considerations for Column Shape 18910.7 Columns in Sitecast Frames 19110.8 Multistory Columns 19210.9 Design Methods and Aids 19410.10 Approximate Design of Tied Columns 19510.11 Round Columns 20210.12 Special Concerns for Concrete Columns 20410.13 Vertical Concrete Compression Elements 20510.14 Concrete Masonry Columns and Piers 20811 Column and Beam Frames 21011.1 Two-Dimensional Frames 21111.2 Three-Dimensional Frames 21211.3 Mixed Frame and Wall Systems 21411.4 Special Problems of Concrete Framed Bents 21712 Concrete Walls 22112.1 Sitecast Walls: General Concerns 22112.2 Concrete Bearing Walls 22312.3 Concrete Basement Walls 22612.4 Concrete Shear Walls 23012.5 Precast Concrete Walls 23012.6 Concrete Masonry Walls 23113 Foundations 23313.1 General Concerns for Foundations 23413.2 Soil Conditions Related to Foundation Design 23513.3 Foundation Design: Criteria and Process 23713.4 Shallow Bearing Foundations 23813.5 Wall Footings 24013.6 Column Footings 24913.7 Special Column Footings 25813.8 Pedestals 25913.9 Foundation Walls and Grade Beams 26613.10 Deep Foundations 27014 Miscellaneous Concrete Structures 27714.1 Paving Slabs 27714.2 Framed Floors on Grade 28014.3 Cantilever Retaining Walls 28114.4 Abutments 29115 General Considerations for Building Structures 29615.1 Choice of Building Construction 29615.2 Structural Design Standards 29715.3 Loads for Structural Design 29815.4 Dead Loads 29815.5 Building Code Requirements for Structures 30115.6 Live Loads 30315.7 Lateral Loads (Wind and Earthquake) 30615.8 Load Combinations 31015.9 Determination of Design Loads 31015.10 Structural Planning 31215.11 Building Systems Integration 31315.12 Economics 31316 Building Structures: Design Examples 31616.1 Building One: General Considerations 31716.2 Building One: Support and Site Structures 31716.3 Building Two: General Considerations 32616.4 Building Two: Design for Gravity Loads 32616.5 Building Two: Design for Lateral Loads 32916.6 Building Two: Alternative Structure 34016.7 Building Three: Alternative Structure One 34116.8 Building Three: Alternative Structure Two 34416.9 Building Three: Alternative Structure Three 34816.10 Building Four: General Considerations 34916.11 Building Four: Concrete and Masonry Structure 35316.12 Building Four: Design for Lateral Loads 35916.13 Building Four: All-Concrete Structure 36116.14 Building Five: General Considerations 36416.15 Building Five: Masonry and Frame Structure 36816.16 Building Five: The Concrete Structure 37416.17 Building Five: Alternative Floor Structure 398Glossary 401Study Aids 405Terms 405Questions 408Answers to Questions 411Answers to Exercise Problems 415References 419Index 421