Practical Manual of Echocardiography in the Urgent Setting

Edited by:Vladimir Fridman MD Department of Cardiology Long Island College Hospital New York, NY, USAMario J. Garcia MD Professor, Department of Medicine (Cardiology); Professor, Department of Radiology; Chief, Division of Cardiology; Co-Director, Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care. New York, NY, USA

“This is a very practical and comprehensive book on the role of echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of critically ill patients.”  (Doody’s, 23 August 2013)

• Contributors, xPreface, xiv1 Ultrasound physics, 1Vladimir FridmanUltrasound generation, 7Image formation, 9Doppler ultrasound, 15Summary and key points, 22References, 222 The transthoracic examination, 23Vladimir Fridman and Dennis FinkielsteinPerforming the echocardiogram, 33Using the transducer, 35Steps involved in a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiogram, 37References, 403 Transesophageal echocardiography, 41Salim Baghdadi and Balendu C. VasavadaPreparation of the patient, 42Acoustic windows and standard views, 45Clean-up and maintenance, 54References, 564 Ventricles, 57Deepika Misra and Dayana EslavaLeft ventricle, 57Right ventricle, 66Atria, 72Contrast echocardiography, 74References, 775 Left-sided heart valves, 79Muhammad M. Chaudhry, Ravi Diwan, Yili Huang, and Furqan H. TejaniAortic valve, 79Mitral valve, 94References, 1116 Right-sided heart valves, 113Michael J. Levine and Vladimir FridmanTricuspid valve, 113Pulmonic valve, 122Qp/Qs: Pulmonary to systemic flow ratio, 127References, 1277 Prosthetic heart valves, 129Karthik Gujja and Vladimir FridmanEchocardiographic approach to prosthetic heart valves, 132Approach to suspected valve dysfunction, 134References, 1408 The great vessels, 141Vladimir Fridman and Hejmadi PrabhuAorta, 141Pulmonary artery, 147D-septal shift, 151References, 1529 Evaluation of the pericardium, 153Chirag R. BarbhaiyaPericardial effusions, 153Cardiac tamponade, 154Echo-guided pericardiocentesis, 159Constrictive pericarditis, 161Differentiation of constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy, 163Effusive–constrictive pericarditis, 165References, 16510 Specialty echocardiographic examinations, 167Cesare SaponieriTTE in a VAD patient, 167Intracardiac echocardiography, 169TEE in the operating room, 171Echocardiography to guide percutaneous closure devices placement, 172References, 17311 Common artifacts, 174Padmakshi Singh, Moinakhtar Lala, and Sapan TalatiReferences, 18212 Hypotension and shock, 183Sheila Gupta NadimintiDetermination of central venous pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output, and vascular resistance, 183Hypovolemia, 184Septic shock, 188Cardiogenic shock due to left ventricular failure, 189Cardiogenic shock due to right ventricular failure, 189Cardiogenic shock due to acute valvular insufficiency or shunt, 190Acute pulmonary hypertension/pulmonary embolism, 190References, 19313 Chest pain syndrome, 195Sandeep Dhillon and Jagdeep SinghMyocardial Infarction, 195Aortic dissection, 198Pulmonary embolus, 199Other causes, 201References, 20214 Cardiac causes of syncope and acute neurological events, 204Erika R. GehrieHypovolemia, 205Arrhythmias, 205Aortic stenosis, 207Cardiac tamponade, 207Pacemaker malfunction, 207Endocarditis, 207Pulmonary embolism, 208Stroke and transient ischemic attacks, 208Cardiac masses, 212References, 21515 Acute dyspnea and heart failure, 216Mariusz W. WysoczanskiEchocardiogram in “heart failure”, 216Intracardiac pressures, 217Echocardiographic approach to dyspnea with hypoxemia, 222Differential diagnosis for cardiac induced dyspnea, 223Algorithm for treatment, 223References, 22516 Evaluation of a new heart murmur, 226Vinay Manoranjan PaiAcute valvular regurgitation, 226Intracardiac shunts, 231Pericardial effusion, 232Post myocardial infarction, 232References, 23317 Infective endocarditis, 234Luis AybarDiagnosis and diagnostic accuracy, 234Guidelines for use of echocardiography to diagnose endocarditis, 236Appearance on echocardiography, 236Complications and risk stratification, 238Prosthetic valve endocarditis, 239Cardiac device-related infective endocarditis, 240References, 24118 Post-procedural complications, 244Vladimir FridmanNoncardiac procedures, 244Cardiac procedures, 245References, 24719 “Quick echo in the emergency department”: What the EM physician needs to know and do, 248Dimitry Bosoy and Alexander TsukermanGoal of FOCUS, 248Clinical use of FOCUS, 250References, 252Index, 253