Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology

JAMES SWARBRICK is President of PharmaceuTech, Inc., a consulting company located in Pinehurst, North Carolina. During his more than 40 year career in the area of pharmaceutical science he has had both extensive academic and industrial working experience. He has also served on a number of regulatory and compendial committees, as well as serving as a consultant to pharmaceutical companies and organizations in the Americas, Europe and Australia. From 1993 through early 2006 he was VP for R&D and then VP for Scientific Affairs at AAIPharma in Wilmington, North Carolina. Prior to joining AAIPharma, he was, for 12 years, Professor and Chairman of the Division of Pharmaceutics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Pharmacy. Other academic positions held include Professorships at the University of Connecticut, the University of Sydney in Australia, the University of Southern California, and Dean of the School of Pharmacy at the University of London. He also served as Director of Product Development at the Sterling-Winthrop Research Institute, Rensselaer, NY, a guest scientist at Astra Laboratories in Sweden, and Visiting Professor of Pharmaceutics at Shanghai Medical University in China. Other appointments include chairman of the Joint USP-NF Panel on Dissolution and Disintegration Testing, and a four-year term as a member (and then chairman) of the Generic Drugs Advisory Committee (now Advisory Committee for Pharmaceutical Science) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). He currently serves as chairman of the Pharmaceutics Advisory Committee of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) Foundation and is a member of that organization’s Scientific Advisory Committee. He is a Fellow of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, the Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the Royal Society of Chemistry, and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. Dr. Swarbrick received the B.Pharm. degree (1960), the Ph.D. degree (1964) in pharmaceutics and the D.Sc. degree (1972) in surface and physical chemistry from London University, England.

• Contributors; Topical Table of Contents; Preface; Statistical Methods; Statistical Process Control and Process Capability; Sterilization: Dry Heat; Sterilization: Ethylene Oxide; Sterilization: Moist Heat; Sterilization: Radiation; Super Disintegrants: Characterization and Function; Supercritical Fluid Technology in Pharmaceutical Research; Surfactants in Pharmaceutical Products and Systems; Suspensions; Tablet Compression: Machine Theory, Design, and Process Troubleshooting; Tablet Evaluation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy; Tablet Formulation; Tablet Manufacture; Tablet Manufacture by Direct Compression; Tablet Press Instrumentation; Tablet Testing; Technology Transfer Considerations for Pharmaceuticals; Thermal Analysis of Drugs and Drug Products; Titrimetry; Tonicity; Tooling for Tableting; Trace Level Impurity Analysis; Transdermal Delivery: Anatomical Site Influence; Transdermal Delivery: Sonophoresis; Transdermal Delivery: Technologies; Ultrasonic Nebulizers; Unit Processes in Pharmacy: Fundamentals; Unit Processes in Pharmacy: Operations; Vaccines and Other Immunological Products; Validation of Pharmaceutical Processes; Veterinary Dosage Forms; Veterinary Pharmaceuticals: Factors Influencing Their Development and Use; Viral Inactivation Issues in Aseptically Processed Parenterals; Virtual Screening; Water for Pharmaceuticals; Water Sorption of Drugs and Dosage Forms; Waxes; Wet Granulation: End-Point Determination and Scale-Up; World Health Organization (WHO): Global Harmonization of Requirements for Medicinal Products; X-Ray Powder Diffractometry; Zeta Potential; Index