JAMES AMBROSE is Editor of the Parker/Ambrose Series of Simplified Design Guides. He practiced as an architect in California and Illinois, and as a structural engineer in Illinois. He was a professor of architecture at the University of Southern California. PATRICK TRIPENY is the Director of the Center for Teaching and Learning Excellence and is a Professor of Architecture at the University of Utah. He teaches the architectural structures sequence in the School of Architecture and the graduate design studio. He is the recipient of several teaching awards including the ACSA/AIAS New Faculty Teaching Award in 2001 and the University of Utah's Early Career Teaching Award in 2000-2001.

• Preface to the Twelfth Edition xiPreface to the First Edition xvIntroduction xviiPart I Fundamental Functions of Structures 11 Investigation of Forces, Force Systems, Loading, and Reactions 31.1 Properties of Forces 31.2 Static Equilibrium 71.3 Force Components and Combinations 81.4 Graphical Analysis of Concurrent Force Systems 131.5 Algebraic Analysis of Nonconcurrent Force Systems 171.6 Laws of Equilibrium 211.7 Loads and Reactive Forces 241.8 Load Sources 281.9 Load Combinations 401.10 Determination of Design Loads 411.11 Design Methods 432 Investigation of Axial Force Actions 472.1 Forces and Stresses 472.2 Deformation 512.3 Suspension Cables 562.4 Funicular Arches 612.5 Graphical Analysis of Planar Trusses 642.6 Algebraic Analysis of Planar Trusses 732.7 Cable-Stayed Structures 802.8 Compression Members 833 Investigation of Structures for Shear and Bending 863.1 Direct Shear Stress 863.2 Shear in Beams 873.3 Bending Moments in Beams 913.4 Sense of Bending in Beams 983.5 Tabulated Values for Beam Behavior 1053.6 Development of Bending Resistance 1093.7 Shear Stress in Beams 1133.8 Continuous and Restrained Beams 1173.9 Members Experiencing Compression Plus Bending 1323.10 Rigid Frames 1423.11 Buckling of Beams 1503.12 Second-Order Analysis 1533.13 Computer Software for Structural Analysis 1554 Structural Systems and Planning 1574.1 General Considerations for Structural Systems 1584.2 Shear Wall and Diaphragm Structural System 1614.3 Braced Frame Systems 1624.4 Moment Frame Systems 1644.5 Wood Construction 1664.6 Steel Construction 1724.7 Concrete Construction 177Part II Wood Construction 1855 Wood Spanning Elements 1875.1 Structural Lumber 1885.2 Reference Design Values for Allowable Stress Design 1895.3 Design Controls for Load and Resistance Factor Design 1985.4 Design for Bending 2005.5 Beam Shear 2035.6 Bearing 2045.7 Deflection 2065.8 Behavior Considerations for LRFD 2095.9 Joists and Rafters 2175.10 Decking for Roofs and Floors 2215.11 Plywood 2225.12 Glued-Laminated Products 2265.13 Wood Fiber Products 2275.14 Assembled Wood Structural Products 2286 Wood Columns 2316.1 Slenderness Ratio for Columns 2326.2 Compression Capacity of Simple Solid Columns, ASD Method 2326.3 Column Load Capacity, LRFD Method 2406.4 Stud Wall Construction 2426.5 Columns with Bending 2447 Connections for Wood Structures 2527.1 Bolted Joints 2527.2 Nailed Joints 2547.3 Plywood Gussets 2587.4 Investigation of Connections, LRFD Method 2587.5 Formed Steel Framing Elements 259Part III Steel Construction 2638 Steel Structural Products 2658.1 Design Methods for Steel Structures 2658.2 Materials for Steel Products 2678.3 Types of Steel Structural Products 2709 Steel Beams and Framing Elements 2769.1 Factors in Beam Design 2769.2 Inelastic Versus Elastic Behavior 2789.3 Nominal Moment Capacity of Steel Beams 2859.4 Design for Bending 2919.5 Design of Beams for Buckling Failure 2969.6 Shear in Steel Beams 2999.7 Deflection of Beams 3059.8 Safe Load Tables 3139.9 Steel Trusses 3199.10 Manufactured Trusses for Flat Spans 3209.11 Decks with Steel Framing 3289.12 Concentrated Load Effects on Beams 33010 Steel Columns and Frames 33410.1 Column Shapes 33410.2 Column Slenderness and End Conditions 33610.3 Safe Axial Loads for Steel Columns 33810.4 Design of Steel Columns 34110.5 Columns with Bending 35210.6 Column Framing and Connections 35611 Bolted Connections for Steel Structures 35911.1 Bolted Connections 35911.2 Design of a Bolted Connection 37111.3 Bolted Framing Connections 37711.4 Bolted Truss Connections 37912 Light-Gage Formed Steel Structures 38312.1 Light-Gage Steel Products 38312.2 Light-Gage Steel Decks 38412.3 Light-Gage Steel Systems 389Part IV Concrete Construction 39113 Reinforced Concrete Structures 39313.1 General Considerations 39313.2 General Application of Strength Methods 40013.3 Beams: Ultimate Strength Method 40113.4 Beams in Site-Cast Systems 41413.5 Spanning Slabs 42913.6 Shear in Beams 43513.7 Development Length for Reinforcement 44913.8 Deflection Control 45914 Flat-Spanning Concrete Systems 46214.1 Slab-and-Beam Systems 46314.2 General Considerations for Beams 47015 Concrete Columns and Compression Members 47515.1 Effects of Compression Force 47515.2 General Considerations for Concrete Columns 47915.3 Design Methods and Aids for Concrete Columns 48915.4 Special Considerations for Concrete Columns 49916 Foundations 50516.1 Shallow Bearing Foundations 50516.2 Wall Footings 50616.3 Column Footings 51416.4 Pedestals 522Part V Structural Systems for Buildings 52717 General Considerations for Building Structures 52917.1 Choice of Building Construction 52917.2 Structural Design Standards 53017.3 Structural Design Process 53117.4 Development of Structural Systems 53218 Building One 53618.1 General Considerations 53618.2 Design of the Wood Structure for Gravity Loads 53718.3 Design for Lateral Loads 54318.4 Alternative Steel and Masonry Structure 55418.5 Alternative Truss Roof 56218.6 Foundations 56419 Building Two 56619.1 Design for Gravity Loads 56819.2 Design for Lateral Loads 57119.3 Alternative Steel and Masonry Structure 57420 Building Three 57720.1 General Considerations 57720.2 Structural Alternatives 58120.3 Design of the Steel Structure 58320.4 Alternative Floor Construction with Trusses 59220.5 Design of the Trussed Bent for Wind 59620.6 Considerations for a Steel Rigid Frame 60120.7 Considerations for a Masonry Wall Structure 60220.8 The Concrete Structure 60920.9 Design of the Foundations 632Appendix A: Properties of Sections 635A.1 Centroids 635A.2 Moment of Inertia 638A.3 Transferring Moments of Inertia 642A.4 Miscellaneous Properties 646A.5 Tables of Properties of Sections 649Glossary 662References 673Quick Reference to Useful Data 675Index 677

JAMES AMBROSE is Editor of the Parker/Ambrose Series of Simplified Design Guides. He practiced as an architect in California and Illinois, and as a structural engineer in Illinois. He was a professor of architecture at the University of Southern California. PATRICK TRIPENY is the Director of the Center for Teaching and Learning Excellence and is a Professor of Architecture at the University of Utah. He teaches the architectural structures sequence in the School of Architecture and the graduate design studio. He is the recipient of several teaching awards including the ACSA/AIAS New Faculty Teaching Award in 2001 and the University of Utah's Early Career Teaching Award in 2000-2001.

• Preface to the Twelfth Edition xiPreface to the First Edition xvIntroduction xviiPart I Fundamental Functions of Structures 11 Investigation of Forces, Force Systems, Loading, and Reactions 31.1 Properties of Forces 31.2 Static Equilibrium 71.3 Force Components and Combinations 81.4 Graphical Analysis of Concurrent Force Systems 131.5 Algebraic Analysis of Nonconcurrent Force Systems 171.6 Laws of Equilibrium 211.7 Loads and Reactive Forces 241.8 Load Sources 281.9 Load Combinations 401.10 Determination of Design Loads 411.11 Design Methods 432 Investigation of Axial Force Actions 472.1 Forces and Stresses 472.2 Deformation 512.3 Suspension Cables 562.4 Funicular Arches 612.5 Graphical Analysis of Planar Trusses 642.6 Algebraic Analysis of Planar Trusses 732.7 Cable-Stayed Structures 802.8 Compression Members 833 Investigation of Structures for Shear and Bending 863.1 Direct Shear Stress 863.2 Shear in Beams 873.3 Bending Moments in Beams 913.4 Sense of Bending in Beams 983.5 Tabulated Values for Beam Behavior 1053.6 Development of Bending Resistance 1093.7 Shear Stress in Beams 1133.8 Continuous and Restrained Beams 1173.9 Members Experiencing Compression Plus Bending 1323.10 Rigid Frames 1423.11 Buckling of Beams 1503.12 Second-Order Analysis 1533.13 Computer Software for Structural Analysis 1554 Structural Systems and Planning 1574.1 General Considerations for Structural Systems 1584.2 Shear Wall and Diaphragm Structural System 1614.3 Braced Frame Systems 1624.4 Moment Frame Systems 1644.5 Wood Construction 1664.6 Steel Construction 1724.7 Concrete Construction 177Part II Wood Construction 1855 Wood Spanning Elements 1875.1 Structural Lumber 1885.2 Reference Design Values for Allowable Stress Design 1895.3 Design Controls for Load and Resistance Factor Design 1985.4 Design for Bending 2005.5 Beam Shear 2035.6 Bearing 2045.7 Deflection 2065.8 Behavior Considerations for LRFD 2095.9 Joists and Rafters 2175.10 Decking for Roofs and Floors 2215.11 Plywood 2225.12 Glued-Laminated Products 2265.13 Wood Fiber Products 2275.14 Assembled Wood Structural Products 2286 Wood Columns 2316.1 Slenderness Ratio for Columns 2326.2 Compression Capacity of Simple Solid Columns, ASD Method 2326.3 Column Load Capacity, LRFD Method 2406.4 Stud Wall Construction 2426.5 Columns with Bending 2447 Connections for Wood Structures 2527.1 Bolted Joints 2527.2 Nailed Joints 2547.3 Plywood Gussets 2587.4 Investigation of Connections, LRFD Method 2587.5 Formed Steel Framing Elements 259Part III Steel Construction 2638 Steel Structural Products 2658.1 Design Methods for Steel Structures 2658.2 Materials for Steel Products 2678.3 Types of Steel Structural Products 2709 Steel Beams and Framing Elements 2769.1 Factors in Beam Design 2769.2 Inelastic Versus Elastic Behavior 2789.3 Nominal Moment Capacity of Steel Beams 2859.4 Design for Bending 2919.5 Design of Beams for Buckling Failure 2969.6 Shear in Steel Beams 2999.7 Deflection of Beams 3059.8 Safe Load Tables 3139.9 Steel Trusses 3199.10 Manufactured Trusses for Flat Spans 3209.11 Decks with Steel Framing 3289.12 Concentrated Load Effects on Beams 33010 Steel Columns and Frames 33410.1 Column Shapes 33410.2 Column Slenderness and End Conditions 33610.3 Safe Axial Loads for Steel Columns 33810.4 Design of Steel Columns 34110.5 Columns with Bending 35210.6 Column Framing and Connections 35611 Bolted Connections for Steel Structures 35911.1 Bolted Connections 35911.2 Design of a Bolted Connection 37111.3 Bolted Framing Connections 37711.4 Bolted Truss Connections 37912 Light-Gage Formed Steel Structures 38312.1 Light-Gage Steel Products 38312.2 Light-Gage Steel Decks 38412.3 Light-Gage Steel Systems 389Part IV Concrete Construction 39113 Reinforced Concrete Structures 39313.1 General Considerations 39313.2 General Application of Strength Methods 40013.3 Beams: Ultimate Strength Method 40113.4 Beams in Site-Cast Systems 41413.5 Spanning Slabs 42913.6 Shear in Beams 43513.7 Development Length for Reinforcement 44913.8 Deflection Control 45914 Flat-Spanning Concrete Systems 46214.1 Slab-and-Beam Systems 46314.2 General Considerations for Beams 47015 Concrete Columns and Compression Members 47515.1 Effects of Compression Force 47515.2 General Considerations for Concrete Columns 47915.3 Design Methods and Aids for Concrete Columns 48915.4 Special Considerations for Concrete Columns 49916 Foundations 50516.1 Shallow Bearing Foundations 50516.2 Wall Footings 50616.3 Column Footings 51416.4 Pedestals 522Part V Structural Systems for Buildings 52717 General Considerations for Building Structures 52917.1 Choice of Building Construction 52917.2 Structural Design Standards 53017.3 Structural Design Process 53117.4 Development of Structural Systems 53218 Building One 53618.1 General Considerations 53618.2 Design of the Wood Structure for Gravity Loads 53718.3 Design for Lateral Loads 54318.4 Alternative Steel and Masonry Structure 55418.5 Alternative Truss Roof 56218.6 Foundations 56419 Building Two 56619.1 Design for Gravity Loads 56819.2 Design for Lateral Loads 57119.3 Alternative Steel and Masonry Structure 57420 Building Three 57720.1 General Considerations 57720.2 Structural Alternatives 58120.3 Design of the Steel Structure 58320.4 Alternative Floor Construction with Trusses 59220.5 Design of the Trussed Bent for Wind 59620.6 Considerations for a Steel Rigid Frame 60120.7 Considerations for a Masonry Wall Structure 60220.8 The Concrete Structure 60920.9 Design of the Foundations 632Appendix A: Properties of Sections 635A.1 Centroids 635A.2 Moment of Inertia 638A.3 Transferring Moments of Inertia 642A.4 Miscellaneous Properties 646A.5 Tables of Properties of Sections 649Glossary 662References 673Quick Reference to Useful Data 675Index 677

JAMES AMBROSE is Editor of the Parker/Ambrose Series of Simplified Design Guides. He practiced as an architect in California and Illinois, and as a structural engineer in Illinois. He was a professor of architecture at the University of Southern California. PATRICK TRIPENY is the Director of the Center for Teaching and Learning Excellence and is a Professor of Architecture at the University of Utah. He teaches the architectural structures sequence in the School of Architecture and the graduate design studio. He is the recipient of several teaching awards including the ACSA/AIAS New Faculty Teaching Award in 2001 and the University of Utah's Early Career Teaching Award in 2000-2001.

• Preface to the Twelfth Edition xiPreface to the First Edition xvIntroduction xviiPart I Fundamental Functions of Structures 11 Investigation of Forces, Force Systems, Loading, and Reactions 31.1 Properties of Forces 31.2 Static Equilibrium 71.3 Force Components and Combinations 81.4 Graphical Analysis of Concurrent Force Systems 131.5 Algebraic Analysis of Nonconcurrent Force Systems 171.6 Laws of Equilibrium 211.7 Loads and Reactive Forces 241.8 Load Sources 281.9 Load Combinations 401.10 Determination of Design Loads 411.11 Design Methods 432 Investigation of Axial Force Actions 472.1 Forces and Stresses 472.2 Deformation 512.3 Suspension Cables 562.4 Funicular Arches 612.5 Graphical Analysis of Planar Trusses 642.6 Algebraic Analysis of Planar Trusses 732.7 Cable-Stayed Structures 802.8 Compression Members 833 Investigation of Structures for Shear and Bending 863.1 Direct Shear Stress 863.2 Shear in Beams 873.3 Bending Moments in Beams 913.4 Sense of Bending in Beams 983.5 Tabulated Values for Beam Behavior 1053.6 Development of Bending Resistance 1093.7 Shear Stress in Beams 1133.8 Continuous and Restrained Beams 1173.9 Members Experiencing Compression Plus Bending 1323.10 Rigid Frames 1423.11 Buckling of Beams 1503.12 Second-Order Analysis 1533.13 Computer Software for Structural Analysis 1554 Structural Systems and Planning 1574.1 General Considerations for Structural Systems 1584.2 Shear Wall and Diaphragm Structural System 1614.3 Braced Frame Systems 1624.4 Moment Frame Systems 1644.5 Wood Construction 1664.6 Steel Construction 1724.7 Concrete Construction 177Part II Wood Construction 1855 Wood Spanning Elements 1875.1 Structural Lumber 1885.2 Reference Design Values for Allowable Stress Design 1895.3 Design Controls for Load and Resistance Factor Design 1985.4 Design for Bending 2005.5 Beam Shear 2035.6 Bearing 2045.7 Deflection 2065.8 Behavior Considerations for LRFD 2095.9 Joists and Rafters 2175.10 Decking for Roofs and Floors 2215.11 Plywood 2225.12 Glued-Laminated Products 2265.13 Wood Fiber Products 2275.14 Assembled Wood Structural Products 2286 Wood Columns 2316.1 Slenderness Ratio for Columns 2326.2 Compression Capacity of Simple Solid Columns, ASD Method 2326.3 Column Load Capacity, LRFD Method 2406.4 Stud Wall Construction 2426.5 Columns with Bending 2447 Connections for Wood Structures 2527.1 Bolted Joints 2527.2 Nailed Joints 2547.3 Plywood Gussets 2587.4 Investigation of Connections, LRFD Method 2587.5 Formed Steel Framing Elements 259Part III Steel Construction 2638 Steel Structural Products 2658.1 Design Methods for Steel Structures 2658.2 Materials for Steel Products 2678.3 Types of Steel Structural Products 2709 Steel Beams and Framing Elements 2769.1 Factors in Beam Design 2769.2 Inelastic Versus Elastic Behavior 2789.3 Nominal Moment Capacity of Steel Beams 2859.4 Design for Bending 2919.5 Design of Beams for Buckling Failure 2969.6 Shear in Steel Beams 2999.7 Deflection of Beams 3059.8 Safe Load Tables 3139.9 Steel Trusses 3199.10 Manufactured Trusses for Flat Spans 3209.11 Decks with Steel Framing 3289.12 Concentrated Load Effects on Beams 33010 Steel Columns and Frames 33410.1 Column Shapes 33410.2 Column Slenderness and End Conditions 33610.3 Safe Axial Loads for Steel Columns 33810.4 Design of Steel Columns 34110.5 Columns with Bending 35210.6 Column Framing and Connections 35611 Bolted Connections for Steel Structures 35911.1 Bolted Connections 35911.2 Design of a Bolted Connection 37111.3 Bolted Framing Connections 37711.4 Bolted Truss Connections 37912 Light-Gage Formed Steel Structures 38312.1 Light-Gage Steel Products 38312.2 Light-Gage Steel Decks 38412.3 Light-Gage Steel Systems 389Part IV Concrete Construction 39113 Reinforced Concrete Structures 39313.1 General Considerations 39313.2 General Application of Strength Methods 40013.3 Beams: Ultimate Strength Method 40113.4 Beams in Site-Cast Systems 41413.5 Spanning Slabs 42913.6 Shear in Beams 43513.7 Development Length for Reinforcement 44913.8 Deflection Control 45914 Flat-Spanning Concrete Systems 46214.1 Slab-and-Beam Systems 46314.2 General Considerations for Beams 47015 Concrete Columns and Compression Members 47515.1 Effects of Compression Force 47515.2 General Considerations for Concrete Columns 47915.3 Design Methods and Aids for Concrete Columns 48915.4 Special Considerations for Concrete Columns 49916 Foundations 50516.1 Shallow Bearing Foundations 50516.2 Wall Footings 50616.3 Column Footings 51416.4 Pedestals 522Part V Structural Systems for Buildings 52717 General Considerations for Building Structures 52917.1 Choice of Building Construction 52917.2 Structural Design Standards 53017.3 Structural Design Process 53117.4 Development of Structural Systems 53218 Building One 53618.1 General Considerations 53618.2 Design of the Wood Structure for Gravity Loads 53718.3 Design for Lateral Loads 54318.4 Alternative Steel and Masonry Structure 55418.5 Alternative Truss Roof 56218.6 Foundations 56419 Building Two 56619.1 Design for Gravity Loads 56819.2 Design for Lateral Loads 57119.3 Alternative Steel and Masonry Structure 57420 Building Three 57720.1 General Considerations 57720.2 Structural Alternatives 58120.3 Design of the Steel Structure 58320.4 Alternative Floor Construction with Trusses 59220.5 Design of the Trussed Bent for Wind 59620.6 Considerations for a Steel Rigid Frame 60120.7 Considerations for a Masonry Wall Structure 60220.8 The Concrete Structure 60920.9 Design of the Foundations 632Appendix A: Properties of Sections 635A.1 Centroids 635A.2 Moment of Inertia 638A.3 Transferring Moments of Inertia 642A.4 Miscellaneous Properties 646A.5 Tables of Properties of Sections 649Glossary 662References 673Quick Reference to Useful Data 675Index 677