Atlas of Canine and Feline Urinalysis

The authorsTheresa E. Rizzi, DVM, DACVP (Clinical Pathology), is a Clinical Associate Professor in the Department of Veterinary Pathobiology at Oklahoma State University, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, in Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA. Amy Valenciano, DVM, MS, DACVP (Clinical Pathology), is a Clinical Pathologist at IDEXX Laboratories in Dallas, Texas, USA. Mary Bowles, DVM, DACVIM, is an emeritus Associate Professor and former Small Animal Medicine Section Chief in the Department of Clinical Sciences at Oklahoma State University, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences in Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA. Rick Cowell, DVM, MS, MRCVS, DACVP (Clinical Pathology), is a Clinical Pathologist at IDEXX Laboratories Inc. in Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA. Ronald Tyler, DVM, PhD, DACVP (Clinical Pathology and Anatomic Pathology), DABT, is consulting pathologist and toxicologist to U.S., European, and Chinese pharmaceutical companies, contract laboratories, and regulatory agencies with adjunct appointments in the Department of Veterinary Pathobiology at Oklahoma State University, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, in Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA and Department of Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University in Chennai, India. Dennis B. DeNicola, DVM, PhD, DACVP (Clinical Pathology), is Chief Veterinary Educator at IDEXX Laboratories in Westbrook, Maine, USA.

‘The book covers all aspects of urinalysis including appropriate collection, storage, preparation of urine for laboratory analysis, and chemical and microscopic evaluation. It presents practical techniques for urine collection, has many images of sediment structures, and helpful tables that summarize information … This book mirrors those available in human medicine. It is thorough and the images are excellent’ Doody’s, December 2017

• Acknowledgments ixIntroduction 11 Sample Collection and Handling 3Collection of Urine Samples 3Free-Catch Urine Collection 3Transurethral Catheterization 15Cystocentesis 37Urine Sample Handling 44Culture 442 Initial Assessment: Physical Characteristics 47Volume 47Color 47Clarity/Turbidity 48Odor 48Urine Specific Gravity 493 Urine Chemistry 53Urine pH 53Protein 54Glucose 60Ketones 61Blood (Occult Blood, Heme) 63Bilirubin 644 Urine Sediment 67Preparation for Microscopic Examination 67Casts 67Hyaline Casts 68Cellular Casts 71Granular Casts 73Waxy Casts 78Fatty Casts (Lipid Casts) 79Hemoglobin Casts 81Mixed Casts 82Pseudo Casts 85Crystals 86Crystals Associated with Urolith Formation 86Crystals Not Typically Associated with Canine and Feline Urolith Formation 120Drug-Induced Crystals 130Cells 131Transitional Epithelial Cells 131Squamous Epithelial Cells 136Renal Tubular (Cuboidal) Epithelial Cells 140Leukocytes 141Erythrocytes 145Atypical (Neoplastic) Cells 148Organisms 157Bacteria 157Fungal Hyphae 161Yeast 163Dioctophyma renale Ova 165Capillaria plica (now Pearsonema plica) and Capillaria felis cati Ova 166Microfilaria 168Miscellaneous Findings and Artifacts 169Pollen 169Fungal Spores 170Mucus 172Lipid Droplets 173Sperm 174Air Bubbles 176Starch Granules (Glove Powder) 177Fiber 178Reference 181Index 183