Foundations of Electromagnetic Compatibility

Bogdan Adamczyk is Professor of Engineering and the founder and director of the EMC Center at Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, USA. He is also the founder and principal educator of EMC Educational Services LLC, which specializes in EMC courses for industry. Professor Adamczyk's area of expertise is EMC education and EMC pre-compliance testing.He is an iNARTE-certified EMC Master Design Engineer, a founding member and the chair of the IEEE EMC Chapter of West Michigan, and a member of the IEEE EMC Society Education Committee. He was a 2016 IEEE EMC Symposium Global University and Fundamentals of EMC instructor. This book has evolved from his participation at several IEEE EMC Symposia, EMC pre-compliance testing at the EMC Center, and his teaching of the Foundations of Electromagnetic Compatibility certificate courses for industry.

• Preface xiiiPart I Math Foundations of EMC 11 Matrix and Vector Algebra 31.1 Basic Concepts and Operations 31.2 Matrix Multiplication 51.3 Special Matrices 61.4 Matrices and Determinants 71.5 Inverse of a Matrix 91.6 Matrices and Systems of Equations 101.7 Solution of Systems of Equations 111.8 Cramer’s Rule 121.9 Vector Operations 131.10 EMC Applications 14References 212 Coordinate Systems 232.1 Cartesian Coordinate System 232.2 Cylindrical Coordinate System 252.3 Spherical Coordinate System 272.4 Transformations between Coordinate Systems 292.5 EMC Applications 33References 353 Vector Differential Calculus 373.1 Derivatives 373.2 Differential Elements 403.3 Constant]Coordinate Surfaces 453.4 Differential Operators 503.5 EMC Applications 55References 574 Vector Integral Calculus 594.1 Line Integrals 594.2 Surface Integrals 664.3 Volume Integrals 714.4 Divergence Theorem of Gauss 714.5 Stokes’s Theorem 714.6 EMC Applications 72References 795 Differential Equations 815.1 First Order Differential Equations – RC and RL Circuits 815.2 Second]Order Differential Equations – Series and Parallel RLC Circuits 855.3 Helmholtz Wave Equations 955.4 EMC Applications 99References 1086 Complex Numbers and Phasors 1096.1 Definitions and Forms 1096.2 Complex Conjugate 1116.3 Operations on Complex Numbers 1136.4 Properties of Complex Numbers 1186.5 Complex Exponential Function 1186.6 Sinusoids and Phasors 1196.7 EMC Applications 123References 140Part II Circuits Foundations of EMC 1417 Basic Laws and Methods of Circuit Analysis 1437.1 Fundamental Concepts 1437.2 Laplace Transform Basics 1477.3 Fundamental Laws 1527.4 EMC Applications 183References 1878 Systematic Methods of Circuit Analysis 1898.1 Node Voltage Analysis 1898.2 Mesh Current Analysis 1928.3 EMC Applications 195References 2029 Circuit Theorems and Techniques 2039.1 Superposition 2039.2 Source Transformation 2079.3 Thévenin Equivalent Circuit 2119.4 Norton Equivalent Circuit 2179.5 Maximum Power Transfer 2209.6 Two]Port Networks 2249.7 EMC Applications 236References 24110 Magnetically Coupled Circuits 24310.1 Self and Mutual Inductance 24310.2 Energy in a Coupled Circuit 24810.3 Linear (Air]Core) Transformers 25010.4 Ideal (Iron]Core) Transformers 25110.5 EMC Applications 255References 25811 Frequency]Domain Analysis 25911.1 Transfer Function 25911.2 Frequency]Transfer Function 26711.3 Bode Plots 27211.4 Passive Filters 27711.5 Resonance in RLC Circuits 29411.6 EMC Applications 308References 32712 Frequency Content of Digital Signals 32912.1 Fourier Series and Frequency Content of Signals 32912.2 EMC Applications 347References 351Part III Electromagnetics Foundations of EMC 35313 Static and Quasi]Static Electric Fields 35513.1 Charge Distributions 35513.2 Coulomb’s Law 35613.3 Electric Field Intensity 35713.4 Electric Field Due to Charge Distributions 35813.5 Electric Flux Density 35913.6 Gauss’s Law for the Electric Field 36013.7 Applications of Gauss’s Law 36013.8 Electric Scalar Potential and Voltage 36713.9 Voltage Calculations due to Charge Distributions 36913.10 Electric Flux Lines and Equipotential Surfaces 37313.11 Maxwell’s Equations for Static Electric Field 37413.12 Capacitance Calculations of Structures 37413.13 Electric Boundary Conditions 38013.14 EMC Applications 385References 40214 Static and Quasi]Static Magnetic Fields 40314.1 Magnetic Flux Density 40314.2 Magnetic Field Intensity 40414.3 Biot–Savart Law 40414.4 Current Distributions 40514.5 Ampere’s Law 40614.6 Applications of Ampere’s Law 40714.7 Magnetic Flux 40914.8 Gauss’s Law for Magnetic Field 41014.9 Maxwell’s Equations for Static Fields 41014.10 Vector Magnetic Potential 41114.11 Faraday’s Law 41214.12 Inductance Calculations of Structures 41614.13 Magnetic Boundary Conditions 418References 43715 Rapidly Varying Electromagnetic Fields 43915.1 Eddy Currents 43915.2 Charge]Current Continuity Equation 44015.3 Displacement Current 44115.4 EMC Applications 444References 45216 Electromagnetic Waves 45316.1 Uniform Waves – Time Domain Analysis 45316.2 Uniform Waves – Sinusoidal Steady]State Analysis 46016.3 Reflection and Transmission of Uniform Waves at Boundaries 46416.4 EMC Applications 467References 47417 Transmission Lines 47517.1 Transient Analysis 47517.2 Steady]State Analysis 50917.3 s Parameters 52017.4 EMC Applications 527References 54218 Antennas and Radiation 54318.1 Bridge between the Transmission Line and Antenna Theory 54318.2 Hertzian Dipole Antenna 54418.3 Far Field Criteria 54818.4 Half]Wave Dipole Antenna 55118.5 Quarter]Wave Monopole Antenna 55418.6 Image Theory 55418.7 Differential] and Common]Mode Currents and Radiation 55718.8 Common Mode Current Creation 56518.9 Antenna Circuit Model 57118.10 EMC Applications 575References 582Appendix A EMC Tests and Measurements 583A.1 Introduction – FCC Part 15 and CISPR 22 Standards 583A.2 Conducted Emissions 588A.3 Radiated Emissions 600A.4 Conducted Immunity – ISO 11452]4 608A.5 Radiated Immunity 615A.6 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) 620References 627Index 629