The editorsJennifer E. Graham, DVM, Dipl. ABVP (Avian / Exotic Companion Mammal), Dipl. ACZM, is an Associate Professor of Zoological Companion Animal Medicine in the Department of Clinical Sciences at Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA.Grayson A. Doss, DVM, Dipl. ACZM, is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Zoological Medicine in the Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in Wisconsin, USA.Hugues Beaufrère, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACZM, ABVP (Avian), ECZM (Avian), is Associate Professor of Zoological Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery in the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology at the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of California – Davis in Davis, California, USA.

Overall, this textbook is a well-organized, extensive summary of information vital to emergency and critical care of exotic animals, with the target being primary care veterinarians and/or veterinary technicians. This textbook should be considered a thorough and complete ref- erence for those practitioners in the emergency and critical care field.Reviewed in Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 2024:47:47 by Jessica Robertson

• List of Contributors xiPart 1 Exotic Companion Mammals 1Section 1 Triage and Stabilization 31 History and Clinical Examination 5Nico J. Schoemaker and Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland2 Restraint, Handling, and Hospitalization 24Nico J. Schoemaker and Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland3 Oxygen Therapy 38Sara Gardhouse4 Catheterization and Venipuncture 51Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland and Nico J. Schoemaker5 Wound Care and Bandaging Techniques 70Nico J. Schoemaker and Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland6 CPR and Euthanasia 80Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland and Nico J. Schoemaker7 Analgesia, Anesthesia, and Monitoring 95Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland and Nico J. Schoemaker8 Nutrition and Fluid Therapy 109Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland and Nico J. SchoemakerSection 2 Diagnostics 1239 STAT Diagnostics in Exotic Companion Mammals 125Sara Gardhouse10 Diagnostic Imaging 143João Brandão, Peter M. DiGeronimo, and Carrie Kuzma11 Clinical Pathology 161Carla Monteiro and João Brandão12 Cytology 178Carla Monteiro and João Brandão13 Ancillary Diagnostics 190João BrandãoSection 3 Emergency Presentations and Management by Species 20114 Ferrets 203Nico J. Schoemaker and Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland15 Rabbits 238Julie DeCubellis and Jennifer E. Graham16 Guinea Pigs 284Isabelle Langlois, Marion Desmarchelier, and Claire Vergneau-Grosset17 Chinchillas 310Jennifer E. Graham and Christoph Mans18 Rats and Mice 330Kristin M. Sinclair19 Hamsters and Gerbils 349Andrew D. Bean20 Hedgehogs 372Rina Maguire, Ali Anwar bin Ahmad, and Trent Charles van Zanten21 Sugar Gliders 408Dan H. JohnsonPart 2 Avian 431Section 1 Triage and Stabilization 43322 History and Clinical Exam 435Grayson A. Doss and Christoph Mans23 Restraint and Handling 445Grayson A. Doss and Christoph Mans24 Oxygen Therapy 450Hugues Beaufrère25 Catheterization and Venipuncture 457Rodney Schnellbacher and Hugues Beaufrère26 Wound Care and Bandaging Techniques 468Anna Martel and Christoph Mans27 CPR and Euthanasia 477Claudia Kabakchiev and Hugues Beaufrère28 Avian Pain Management and Anesthesia 488David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman and Hugues Beaufrère29 Nutrition and Fluid Therapy 503Hugues BeaufrèreSection 2 Diagnostics 51930 STAT Diagnostics 521Claudia Kabakchiev and Hugues Beaufrère31 Diagnostic Imaging 534Claire Vergneau-Grosset and Hugues Beaufrère32 Clinical Pathology 563Hugues Beaufrère and Claire Vergneau-Grosset33 Cytology 582Helene Pendl, Peter M. Wencel, and Hugues Beaufrère34 Ancillary Diagnostics 601Delphine Laniesse and Hugues BeaufrèreSection 3 Emergency Presentations and Management by Species 61735 Psittacines 619Nicole R. Wyre36 Passerines 644David N. Phalen and Hamish Baron37 Pigeons and Doves 653Kenneth R. Welle38 Backyard Poultry and Waterfowl 664Vanessa Grunkemeyer and Samantha SwisherPart 3 Reptile and Amphibian 695Section 1 Triage and Stabilization 69739 History and Clinical Exam 699Grayson A. Doss and Kurt K. Sladky40 Restraint and Handling 710Grayson A. Doss and Kurt K. Sladky41 Oxygen Therapy 716Ian Kanda and João Brandão42 Catheterization and Venipuncture 722Ian Kanda and João Brandão43 Wound Care and Bandaging Techniques 732Anna Martel and Christoph Mans44 CPR and Euthanasia 738Grayson A. Doss and Kurt K. Sladky45 Analgesia, Anesthesia, and Monitoring 746Grayson A. Doss, Christoph Mans, and Kurt K. Sladky46 Nutrition and Fluid Therapy 758Ian Kanda and João BrandãoSection 2 Diagnostics 76947 STAT Diagnostics 771Peter M. DiGeronimo and Nicola Di Girolamo48 Diagnostic Imaging 783Constance Fazio49 Clinical Pathology 800Nicola Di Girolamo50 Cytology 818Ruth A. Houseright51 Ancillary Diagnostics 831Nicola Di Girolamo and Diana BinantiSection 3 Emergency Presentations and Management by Species 84752 Turtles and Tortoises 849Krista A. Keller53 Snakes 865Sean Michael Perry54 Lizards 886Stacey L. Wilkinson55 Amphibians 909Eric KlaphakeIndex 926

The editorsJennifer E. Graham, DVM, Dipl. ABVP (Avian / Exotic Companion Mammal), Dipl. ACZM, is an Associate Professor of Zoological Companion Animal Medicine in the Department of Clinical Sciences at Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA.Grayson A. Doss, DVM, Dipl. ACZM, is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Zoological Medicine in the Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in Wisconsin, USA.Hugues Beaufrère, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACZM, ABVP (Avian), ECZM (Avian), is Associate Professor of Zoological Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery in the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology at the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of California – Davis in Davis, California, USA.

Overall, this textbook is a well-organized, extensive summary of information vital to emergency and critical care of exotic animals, with the target being primary care veterinarians and/or veterinary technicians. This textbook should be considered a thorough and complete ref- erence for those practitioners in the emergency and critical care field.Reviewed in Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 2024:47:47 by Jessica Robertson

• List of Contributors xiPart 1 Exotic Companion Mammals 1Section 1 Triage and Stabilization 31 History and Clinical Examination 5Nico J. Schoemaker and Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland2 Restraint, Handling, and Hospitalization 24Nico J. Schoemaker and Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland3 Oxygen Therapy 38Sara Gardhouse4 Catheterization and Venipuncture 51Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland and Nico J. Schoemaker5 Wound Care and Bandaging Techniques 70Nico J. Schoemaker and Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland6 CPR and Euthanasia 80Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland and Nico J. Schoemaker7 Analgesia, Anesthesia, and Monitoring 95Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland and Nico J. Schoemaker8 Nutrition and Fluid Therapy 109Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland and Nico J. SchoemakerSection 2 Diagnostics 1239 STAT Diagnostics in Exotic Companion Mammals 125Sara Gardhouse10 Diagnostic Imaging 143João Brandão, Peter M. DiGeronimo, and Carrie Kuzma11 Clinical Pathology 161Carla Monteiro and João Brandão12 Cytology 178Carla Monteiro and João Brandão13 Ancillary Diagnostics 190João BrandãoSection 3 Emergency Presentations and Management by Species 20114 Ferrets 203Nico J. Schoemaker and Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland15 Rabbits 238Julie DeCubellis and Jennifer E. Graham16 Guinea Pigs 284Isabelle Langlois, Marion Desmarchelier, and Claire Vergneau-Grosset17 Chinchillas 310Jennifer E. Graham and Christoph Mans18 Rats and Mice 330Kristin M. Sinclair19 Hamsters and Gerbils 349Andrew D. Bean20 Hedgehogs 372Rina Maguire, Ali Anwar bin Ahmad, and Trent Charles van Zanten21 Sugar Gliders 408Dan H. JohnsonPart 2 Avian 431Section 1 Triage and Stabilization 43322 History and Clinical Exam 435Grayson A. Doss and Christoph Mans23 Restraint and Handling 445Grayson A. Doss and Christoph Mans24 Oxygen Therapy 450Hugues Beaufrère25 Catheterization and Venipuncture 457Rodney Schnellbacher and Hugues Beaufrère26 Wound Care and Bandaging Techniques 468Anna Martel and Christoph Mans27 CPR and Euthanasia 477Claudia Kabakchiev and Hugues Beaufrère28 Avian Pain Management and Anesthesia 488David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman and Hugues Beaufrère29 Nutrition and Fluid Therapy 503Hugues BeaufrèreSection 2 Diagnostics 51930 STAT Diagnostics 521Claudia Kabakchiev and Hugues Beaufrère31 Diagnostic Imaging 534Claire Vergneau-Grosset and Hugues Beaufrère32 Clinical Pathology 563Hugues Beaufrère and Claire Vergneau-Grosset33 Cytology 582Helene Pendl, Peter M. Wencel, and Hugues Beaufrère34 Ancillary Diagnostics 601Delphine Laniesse and Hugues BeaufrèreSection 3 Emergency Presentations and Management by Species 61735 Psittacines 619Nicole R. Wyre36 Passerines 644David N. Phalen and Hamish Baron37 Pigeons and Doves 653Kenneth R. Welle38 Backyard Poultry and Waterfowl 664Vanessa Grunkemeyer and Samantha SwisherPart 3 Reptile and Amphibian 695Section 1 Triage and Stabilization 69739 History and Clinical Exam 699Grayson A. Doss and Kurt K. Sladky40 Restraint and Handling 710Grayson A. Doss and Kurt K. Sladky41 Oxygen Therapy 716Ian Kanda and João Brandão42 Catheterization and Venipuncture 722Ian Kanda and João Brandão43 Wound Care and Bandaging Techniques 732Anna Martel and Christoph Mans44 CPR and Euthanasia 738Grayson A. Doss and Kurt K. Sladky45 Analgesia, Anesthesia, and Monitoring 746Grayson A. Doss, Christoph Mans, and Kurt K. Sladky46 Nutrition and Fluid Therapy 758Ian Kanda and João BrandãoSection 2 Diagnostics 76947 STAT Diagnostics 771Peter M. DiGeronimo and Nicola Di Girolamo48 Diagnostic Imaging 783Constance Fazio49 Clinical Pathology 800Nicola Di Girolamo50 Cytology 818Ruth A. Houseright51 Ancillary Diagnostics 831Nicola Di Girolamo and Diana BinantiSection 3 Emergency Presentations and Management by Species 84752 Turtles and Tortoises 849Krista A. Keller53 Snakes 865Sean Michael Perry54 Lizards 886Stacey L. Wilkinson55 Amphibians 909Eric KlaphakeIndex 926

The editorsJennifer E. Graham, DVM, Dipl. ABVP (Avian / Exotic Companion Mammal), Dipl. ACZM, is an Associate Professor of Zoological Companion Animal Medicine in the Department of Clinical Sciences at Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA.Grayson A. Doss, DVM, Dipl. ACZM, is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Zoological Medicine in the Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in Wisconsin, USA.Hugues Beaufrère, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACZM, ABVP (Avian), ECZM (Avian), is Associate Professor of Zoological Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery in the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology at the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of California – Davis in Davis, California, USA.

Overall, this textbook is a well-organized, extensive summary of information vital to emergency and critical care of exotic animals, with the target being primary care veterinarians and/or veterinary technicians. This textbook should be considered a thorough and complete ref- erence for those practitioners in the emergency and critical care field.Reviewed in Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 2024:47:47 by Jessica Robertson

• List of Contributors xiPart 1 Exotic Companion Mammals 1Section 1 Triage and Stabilization 31 History and Clinical Examination 5Nico J. Schoemaker and Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland2 Restraint, Handling, and Hospitalization 24Nico J. Schoemaker and Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland3 Oxygen Therapy 38Sara Gardhouse4 Catheterization and Venipuncture 51Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland and Nico J. Schoemaker5 Wound Care and Bandaging Techniques 70Nico J. Schoemaker and Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland6 CPR and Euthanasia 80Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland and Nico J. Schoemaker7 Analgesia, Anesthesia, and Monitoring 95Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland and Nico J. Schoemaker8 Nutrition and Fluid Therapy 109Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland and Nico J. SchoemakerSection 2 Diagnostics 1239 STAT Diagnostics in Exotic Companion Mammals 125Sara Gardhouse10 Diagnostic Imaging 143João Brandão, Peter M. DiGeronimo, and Carrie Kuzma11 Clinical Pathology 161Carla Monteiro and João Brandão12 Cytology 178Carla Monteiro and João Brandão13 Ancillary Diagnostics 190João BrandãoSection 3 Emergency Presentations and Management by Species 20114 Ferrets 203Nico J. Schoemaker and Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland15 Rabbits 238Julie DeCubellis and Jennifer E. Graham16 Guinea Pigs 284Isabelle Langlois, Marion Desmarchelier, and Claire Vergneau-Grosset17 Chinchillas 310Jennifer E. Graham and Christoph Mans18 Rats and Mice 330Kristin M. Sinclair19 Hamsters and Gerbils 349Andrew D. Bean20 Hedgehogs 372Rina Maguire, Ali Anwar bin Ahmad, and Trent Charles van Zanten21 Sugar Gliders 408Dan H. JohnsonPart 2 Avian 431Section 1 Triage and Stabilization 43322 History and Clinical Exam 435Grayson A. Doss and Christoph Mans23 Restraint and Handling 445Grayson A. Doss and Christoph Mans24 Oxygen Therapy 450Hugues Beaufrère25 Catheterization and Venipuncture 457Rodney Schnellbacher and Hugues Beaufrère26 Wound Care and Bandaging Techniques 468Anna Martel and Christoph Mans27 CPR and Euthanasia 477Claudia Kabakchiev and Hugues Beaufrère28 Avian Pain Management and Anesthesia 488David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman and Hugues Beaufrère29 Nutrition and Fluid Therapy 503Hugues BeaufrèreSection 2 Diagnostics 51930 STAT Diagnostics 521Claudia Kabakchiev and Hugues Beaufrère31 Diagnostic Imaging 534Claire Vergneau-Grosset and Hugues Beaufrère32 Clinical Pathology 563Hugues Beaufrère and Claire Vergneau-Grosset33 Cytology 582Helene Pendl, Peter M. Wencel, and Hugues Beaufrère34 Ancillary Diagnostics 601Delphine Laniesse and Hugues BeaufrèreSection 3 Emergency Presentations and Management by Species 61735 Psittacines 619Nicole R. Wyre36 Passerines 644David N. Phalen and Hamish Baron37 Pigeons and Doves 653Kenneth R. Welle38 Backyard Poultry and Waterfowl 664Vanessa Grunkemeyer and Samantha SwisherPart 3 Reptile and Amphibian 695Section 1 Triage and Stabilization 69739 History and Clinical Exam 699Grayson A. Doss and Kurt K. Sladky40 Restraint and Handling 710Grayson A. Doss and Kurt K. Sladky41 Oxygen Therapy 716Ian Kanda and João Brandão42 Catheterization and Venipuncture 722Ian Kanda and João Brandão43 Wound Care and Bandaging Techniques 732Anna Martel and Christoph Mans44 CPR and Euthanasia 738Grayson A. Doss and Kurt K. Sladky45 Analgesia, Anesthesia, and Monitoring 746Grayson A. Doss, Christoph Mans, and Kurt K. Sladky46 Nutrition and Fluid Therapy 758Ian Kanda and João BrandãoSection 2 Diagnostics 76947 STAT Diagnostics 771Peter M. DiGeronimo and Nicola Di Girolamo48 Diagnostic Imaging 783Constance Fazio49 Clinical Pathology 800Nicola Di Girolamo50 Cytology 818Ruth A. Houseright51 Ancillary Diagnostics 831Nicola Di Girolamo and Diana BinantiSection 3 Emergency Presentations and Management by Species 84752 Turtles and Tortoises 849Krista A. Keller53 Snakes 865Sean Michael Perry54 Lizards 886Stacey L. Wilkinson55 Amphibians 909Eric KlaphakeIndex 926