Guide to Canine and Feline Electrocardiography

Ruth Willis, BVM&S, DVC, MRCVS, is an RCVS Recognised Specialist in Veterinary Cardiology at Holter Monitoring Service, Dick White Referrals, Newmarket UK; and an Honorary Associate Professor at the University of Nottingham, UK. Pedro Oliveira, DVM, Diplomate ECVIM-CA (Cardiology), MRCVS, is an RCVS Recognised Specialist in Veterinary Cardiology at Davies Veterinary Specialists in Hertfordshire, UK, where he has established an electrophysiology laboratory for the invasive diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Antonia Mavropoulou, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ECVIM-CA (Cardiology), MRCVS, is an RCVS Recognised Specialist in Veterinary Cardiology at Davies Veterinary Specialists in Hertfordshire, UK.

• List of Contributors viiPreface ixAcknowledgements xiAbout the Companion Website xiii1 Anatomy of the Conduction System 1Pedro Oliveira2 Cardiac Electrophysiology 9Antonia Mavropoulou3 Cardiac Vectors and the Genesis of the Electrocardiogram 21Pedro Oliveira4 Electrocardiography 35Ruth Willis5 Sinus Rhythms 57Ruth Willis6 Pathogenesis and Classification of Arrhythmias 67Antonia Mavropoulou7 Bradyarrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances 79Ruth Willis8 Atrial Rhythms 109Pedro Oliveira9 Atrial Fibrillation 127Ruth Willis10 Junctional Rhythms 147Pedro Oliveira11 Ventricular Rhythms 169Antonia Mavropoulou12 Clinical Approach to Arrhythmias and Intermittent Collapse 189Ruth Willis13 Diagnostic Approach to Narrow‐QRS Complex Tachycardia 201Antonia Mavropoulou14 Diagnostic Approach to Wide‐QRS Complex Tachycardia 211Antonia Mavropoulou15 Ambulatory Electrocardiographic Recordings 219Ruth Willis16 Heart Rate Variability 231Domingo Casamian‐Sorrosal17 Anti‐arrhythmic Drugs 241Joel Freitas da Silva18 Pacemaker Therapy 255Simon Swift19 Electrophysiology Studies and Catheter Ablation 271Pedro Oliveira and Martin Lowe20 Arrhythmias in Canine Cardiomyopathies and Valvular Heart Disease 285Gerhard Wess and Marin Torti21 Arrhythmias in Feline Cardiomyopathies 301Erin L. Anderson22 Inherited Ventricular Arrhythmias in German Shepherd Dogs 315Thibault Ribas and Romain Pariaut23 Systemic Disease and Arrhythmias, Including Selected Non‐cardiogenic Causes of Collapse 319Jon Wray24 Cardiac Arrhythmias and Anaesthesia 337Frances Downing and Louise ClarkAppendix 1 Normal ECG Measurements for Cats and Dogs 349Appendix 2 Arrhythmias – A Brief Review 351Appendix 3 Mean Electrical Axis 381Appendix 4 Anti‐Arrhythmic Drugs and Dosages 387Appendix 5 Sample ECG Reports 389Self-assessment 393Index 425