Alan J. Sinclair is Director of the Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People (fDROP) and has led several global initiatives on diabetes in older people. He regularly provides advice on diabetes and clinical gerontology to the Department of Health, Association of British Clinical Diabetologists, Diabetes UK, and to the WHO as an expert in ageing and in frailty.John E. Morley is Professor of Geriatric Medicine at Saint Louis University School of Medicine, USA. Bruno Vellas is Head of the Toulouse Gerontopole, Head of the Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics at Toulouse University Hospital, and Head of the Alzheimer Disease Clinical Research Centre, University of Toulouse and a member of INSERM (National Institute of Medical Research) 1295 Maintain Team, France. Matteo Cesari is Associate Professor of Geriatrics at the University of Milano and Head of the Geriatric Unit at the IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Italy. Medha Munshi is Associate Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, Director of the Joslin Geriatric Diabetes Program, and Geriatrician at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, USA.

• Contents of Volume 1About the Editors xiAbout the Associate Editors xiiiList of Contributors xvPreface to the Fifth Edition xxivPreface to the Sixth Edition xxvForeword xxviIntroduction: Historical perspectives 1Michael J. Denham and John E. MorleyPart 1 | Ageing: Biological, Social, and Community Perspectives1 A biological perspective of ageing 13Florent Guerville and Maël Lemoine2 Physiology of ageing 22Sevnaz Şahin and Emin Taskiran3 Psychological aspects of ageing 34Evan T. Schulze, Phillip Ruppert, Gayle Heady, and Lauren Schwarz4 Social and community aspects of ageing 43Kahli E. Zietlow and Serena P. Wong5 Sexuality and ageing 59Serena P. Wong and Kahli E. Zietlow6 Ageing of the brain 68Marco Canevelli and Luca Marsili7 Physical fitness and exercise 77Maria A. Fiatarone Singh, Mikel Izquierdo, and John E. Morley8 Health literacy and cultural sensitivity 108Nina TumosaPart 2 | Medicine and Prescribing in Old Age9 Preventive geriatrics 121Gerald M. Mahon, Suzanne M. Mahon, and Joseph H. Flaherty10 Polypharmacy and deprescribing in older adults 132Fernanda Heitor and Milta Little11 Patient safety 146Katherine Evans, Nandkishor Athavale, Susannah Long, and Charles VincentSection 1 Eating Disorders and Nutritional Health12 Nutrition and healthy ageing: Emphasis on brain, bone, and muscle 167Gene L. Bowman13 The anorexia of aging 177Neema Sharda, Jantira Thomas, and Ian M. Chapman14 Weight loss 190Isabelle Bourdel‐Marchasson and David R. Thomas15 Water and electrolyte balances in ageing 202Stewart G. Albert and Alexis McKee16 Vitamins and minerals 213Mary Ann Johnson and Connie W. BalesSection 2 Gastro Disorders17 Changes in gastrointestinal motor and sensory function associated with ageing 231Christopher K. Rayner and Michael Horowitz18 The liver and gallbladder in the geriatric population 247Gary Trey19 Faecal incontinence 254William Gibson20 Constipation 263Katherine A. Evans and Charlene M. Prather21 Diseases of the pancreas 274Tyler M. Berzin and Awais AhmedSection 3 Haematological Disorders22 Anaemia in older people 283Angela M. Sanford23 Disseminated intravascular coagulation 294Kingsley K. Hampton24 Disorders of haemostasis 298Kingsley K. Hampton25 When to anticoagulate, and which anticoagulant? 307Irene Criado Martin, Alba Mª Costa Grille, and Roberto Petidier Torregrossa26 Myelodysplasia 316Domenico Fusco, Andrea Bellieni, Beatrice Di Capua, and Giuseppe Colloca27 Management of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukaemias in the elderly 331Delphine Bréchemier, Marie Garric, and Thomas De NadaïSection 4 Cardiovascular Diseases and Health28 Epidemiology of heart disease 345Marco Proietti29 Arrhythmias 360C. Fielder Camm and A. John Camm30 Ischaemic heart disease 388Ahmed H. Abdelhafiz31 Lipid management 400Tiziano Lucchi32 Hypotension 419Elspeth A. Clark and Gwendolen T. Buhr33 Hypertension in older people 427Ahmed H. Abdelhafiz and Alan J. Sinclair34 Heart failure 439Nandkishor V. Athavale35 Cardiac surgery and percutaneous interventions in the elderly 455Ulrich von Oppell, Adam Szafranek, and Richard Anderson36 Peripheral arterial disease 482Leocadio Rodríguez Mañas, Marta Castro Rodríguez, and Cristina Alonso Bouzón37 Venous thromboembolism in the elderly 493Alessandra Bura‐Riviere, Lucas Verset, and François‐Xavier LapebieSection 5 Respiratory Diseases38 Epidemiologic and pathophysiologic overview of respiratory infections 501Sean D. Levy and Ronald C. Silvestri39 Pneumonia 512Joël Belmin40 Aspiration pneumonia 522Ben Blomberg and Neema Sharda41 The COVID‐19 pandemic in older people 530Nandkishor V. Athavale, Joanne Conway, Demelza Emmerton, and Ahmed H. Abdelhafiz42 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma 542Simone Scarlata and Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi43 Pulmonary rehabilitation 555Mangalore Amith Shenoy and Peter SpieglerSection 6 CNS Disorders44 Neurological signs of ageing 563Jonathan M. Schott and Andrew J. Larner45 Sleep apnoea and sleep disorders 570Araceli Abad, Cristina Matesanz, Carmen Acosta, and Cristina López46 Normal pressure hydrocephalus 581Vito Curiale and Sandrine Louchart De La Chappelle47 Acute stroke care and management of carotid artery stenosis 598David Doig and Martin M. Brown48 Stroke and stroke rehabilitation 619Guillaume Albaret and Helene Domergue49 Communication disorders and dysphagia 635Pamela M. Enderby50 Acute and chronic subdural hematoma 644Lauren Peruski and Magdy Selim51 Epilepsy 653Almudena Areosa Sastre and Irene Lozano Rosique52 Syncope and non‐epileptic attacks 664Matteo Cesari and Beatrice Arosio53 Parkinson’s disease 674Bruno Oquendo and Joël Belmin54 Non‐Parkinsonian movement disorders in the elderly 681Christian Johannes Amlang and Katie Kompoliti55 Diabetic neuropathy 698Ahmed H. Abdelhafiz and Alan J. Sinclair56 Disorders of the neuromuscular junction 709Sivakumar Sathasivam and Andrew J. Larner57 Muscle disorders 718Devyani Misra58 Motor neuron disease 733Pascal Cintas59 Chronic pain 743Benny Katz60 Multiple sclerosis 756Krupa S. Pandey and Florian P. ThomasAppendix Function assessment scales iIndex xviiContents of Volume 2About the Editors xiAbout the Associate Editors xiiiList of Contributors xvPreface to the Fifth Edition xxivPreface to the Sixth Edition xxvForeword xxviSection 7 Dementia and Cognitive Disorders61 Delirium in older patients 771Sarah A. Wingfield and Joseph H. Flaherty62 Memory clinics 782Ipsit V. Vahia63 Alzheimer’s disease 794Julien Delrieu64 Mild cognitive impairment: an update 808Pierre- Jean Ousset65 Vascular dementia 811Marco Inzitari and Domenico Inzitari66 Mental stimulation and dementia 822Joe Verghese67 Exercise and dementia 829Yves Rolland and Philipe de Souto Barreto68 Drug development and Alzheimer’s disease 843Julien Delrieu and Bruno Vellas69 Other dementias 860Wee Shiong Lim70 Management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia 878Maria Soto Martin and Adelaïde de Mauleon71 Late- life depression 892Didi Rhebergen and Max Stek72 Geriatric psychiatry 904Abhilash K. Desai and George T. Grossberg73 Organisation of services in geriatric psychiatry 919Susan Mary Benbow and Sharmi Bhattacharyya74 The older patient with Down syndrome 934John E. MorleySection 8 Special Senses, Bone, and Joint Health75 Disorders of the vestibular system 943Charlotte Ågrup and Linda M. Luxon76 Smell and taste 957Eva Topinkova77 Osteoporosis: burden, diagnosis, and management 972Jean- Yves Reginster and Olivier Bruyere78 Gait, balance, and falls 979Sarah D. Berry and Deborah S. Lee79 Hip fracture and orthogeriatrics 992Christine Lafont and Thomas Krams80 Foot problems 1007Hylton B. MenzSection 9 Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders81 Endocrinology of ageing 1021Ray Bourey, John Morley, and Alexis McKee82 The pituitary gland, 1032Alexis M. McKee and John E. Morley83 Thyroid disorders 1041Ligia J. Dominguez and Mario Barbagallo84 Ovarian function and menopause 1059Andrea Martínez- Massa, Antonio Marín- Montes, Jorge Abril- Pérez, and Antonio Cano85 Testicular function 1073Sandeep Dhindsa86 Diabetes mellitus 1086Alan J. Sinclair and Graydon S. Meneilly87 New therapies for diabetes mellitus 1108Michelangela Barbieri, Vittoria Cataldo, George T. Griffing, and Giuseppe PaolissoSection 10 Urogenital Disorders88 Gynaecology and the older patient 1125Vishnu Priya Padmanabhan, Susan Joseph, Radha Indusekhar, and Fidelma O’Mahony89 Prostate diseases 1136Stephane Gerard, Loic Mourey, Marguerite Briand, Boris Delaunay, and Laurent Balardy90 The ageing bladder 1153Matteo Cesari and Beatrice Arosio91 Geriatric nephrology 1162David Schlientz, Liza Genao, Carlos G. Musso, and Dimitrios G. OreopoulosSection 11 Cancer92 Cancer and ageing 1171Ahmed Abdelhafiz93 Oncological emergencies 1184Thomas De Nadaï, Chantal Bernard- Marty, Clément Gaudin, and Laurent Balardy94 Breast cancer 1196Hannah Chapman95 Maintaining functional status among older adult cancer patients and survivors 1208Miriam B. RodinSection 12 Functional Disorders and Rehabilitation96 Multidimensional geriatric assessment 1231Leocadio Rodríguez Mañas, Marta Castro Rodríguez, Laurence Z. Rubenstein, and Andreas E. Stuck97 Frailty 1242Angela M. Sanford and John E. Morley98 Rehabilitation 1249Matthew T. Corey99 Cachexia 1265Emanuele Marzetti, Anna Picca, Anita Maria Tummolo, and Riccardo Calvani100 WHO Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) 1272Catherine Takeda, Sophie Guyonnet, Bruno Vellas, and Yuka SumiSection 13 Iatrogenic Infections101 Valvular heart disease and infective endocarditis 1283Ariane M. Fraiche, Jason D. Matos, and Eli V. Gelfand102 Infections of the central nervous system 1305Rodrigo HasbunSection 14 Special Issues I Abuse and Older PeopleI Abuse and Older People103 Good quality care: abuse 1331Jean- Pierre Aquino and Laëtitia Ngatcha Ribert104 Alcohol consumption and cognition 1336Julien Delrieu, Luc Letenneur, and Jean- François Dartigues105 The use and abuse of prescribed medicines 1342Matteo Cesari and Beatrice Arosio106 Drug misuse and the older person: a contradiction in terms? 1349Antoine Piau and Fati NourhashemiII Emerging Themes107 Transportation, driving, and older adults 1361Desmond O’Neill and David Carr108 Smart Homes 1370Rodrigo Pérez- Rodríguez109 Modern use of biomarkers in geriatric medicine 1380Stefan WalterIII Dermatology110 Geriatric dermatology 1395Elizabeth L. Bisbee, Claudia I. Vidal, and Tricia A. Missall111 Pressure injuries: prevention and management 1403Madhuri ReddyIV Surgical Themes112 Perioperative medical assessment of older adults 1409Milta Oyola Little, Shelley McDonald, David Schlientz, and Yoon Hie Kim113 Anaesthesia 1421Coilin Collins- Smyth and Suzanne CroweV Ageing Themes and Ethical Issues114 Health issues in the ageing woman 1435Reshma A. Merchant115 Antiageing strategies 1442Ligia J. Dominguez and Mario Barbagallo116 The ethics of geriatric care 1459Alessandro Blasimme117 Participation of older people in clinical trials 1466Nicola Coley and Sandrine Andrieu118 Restraints and immobility 1478Katerina Melino, Laura M. Wagner, and Elizabeth A. Capezuti119 Centenarians 1492Evelyn Ferri, Marco Proietti, Matteo Cesari, and Beatrice Arosio120 End- of- life and palliative care 1503Kate Lally and Rachelle E. Bernacki121 End- of- life care: special issues 1514Trisha DunningPart 3 | Global Healthcare Systems122 Improving quality of care 1529Julie K. Gammack, Babatunde Olumide, and Carolyn D. Philpot123 Clinical audit of healthcare 1543Matthew Roycroft124 Caring for the caregiver 1552Danielle L. Boisvert, Max Zubatsky, and Marla Berg- Weger125 Nursing home care 1560Cari Levy, Briony Jain, Edward Cheong, Lyndal Bugeja, Joseph Ibrahim, Kate Magid, and Emily Galenbeck126 Geriatric occupational therapy: achieving quality in daily living 1574Jeremy Whyman127 Geriatric medicine education in Europe and the United States 1585Antonio Cherubini, Jesús Mateos- Nozal, Daphne T. Lo, and Miguel A. Paniagua128 Systems of healthcare: the United States 1594Julie K. Gammack and Stephanie L. Simpson129 Systems of healthcare: Australia 1603Gideon A. Caplan and Taylor A. Scott130 Systems of healthcare: the UK 1609Richard Wilson and Simon Conroy131 Geriatric medicine in China 1616Woo Jean132 Ageing in developing countries 1620Luis Miguel Gutierrez Robledo and Renato Maia Guimarães133 Geriatric medicine in the European Union: towards unification of diversity 1629Jesús Mateos- Nozal and Alfonso J. Cruz- Jentoft134 Research horizons for the twenty- first century 1635Leocadio Rodríguez Mañas, Miriam El Assar, and Javier AnguloAppendix Function assessment scales iIndex xvii

Alan J. Sinclair is Director of the Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People (fDROP) and has led several global initiatives on diabetes in older people. He regularly provides advice on diabetes and clinical gerontology to the Department of Health, Association of British Clinical Diabetologists, Diabetes UK, and to the WHO as an expert in ageing and in frailty.John E. Morley is Professor of Geriatric Medicine at Saint Louis University School of Medicine, USA. Bruno Vellas is Head of the Toulouse Gerontopole, Head of the Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics at Toulouse University Hospital, and Head of the Alzheimer Disease Clinical Research Centre, University of Toulouse and a member of INSERM (National Institute of Medical Research) 1295 Maintain Team, France. Matteo Cesari is Associate Professor of Geriatrics at the University of Milano and Head of the Geriatric Unit at the IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Italy. Medha Munshi is Associate Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, Director of the Joslin Geriatric Diabetes Program, and Geriatrician at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, USA.

• Contents of Volume 1About the Editors xiAbout the Associate Editors xiiiList of Contributors xvPreface to the Fifth Edition xxivPreface to the Sixth Edition xxvForeword xxviIntroduction: Historical perspectives 1Michael J. Denham and John E. MorleyPart 1 | Ageing: Biological, Social, and Community Perspectives1 A biological perspective of ageing 13Florent Guerville and Maël Lemoine2 Physiology of ageing 22Sevnaz Şahin and Emin Taskiran3 Psychological aspects of ageing 34Evan T. Schulze, Phillip Ruppert, Gayle Heady, and Lauren Schwarz4 Social and community aspects of ageing 43Kahli E. Zietlow and Serena P. Wong5 Sexuality and ageing 59Serena P. Wong and Kahli E. Zietlow6 Ageing of the brain 68Marco Canevelli and Luca Marsili7 Physical fitness and exercise 77Maria A. Fiatarone Singh, Mikel Izquierdo, and John E. Morley8 Health literacy and cultural sensitivity 108Nina TumosaPart 2 | Medicine and Prescribing in Old Age9 Preventive geriatrics 121Gerald M. Mahon, Suzanne M. Mahon, and Joseph H. Flaherty10 Polypharmacy and deprescribing in older adults 132Fernanda Heitor and Milta Little11 Patient safety 146Katherine Evans, Nandkishor Athavale, Susannah Long, and Charles VincentSection 1 Eating Disorders and Nutritional Health12 Nutrition and healthy ageing: Emphasis on brain, bone, and muscle 167Gene L. Bowman13 The anorexia of aging 177Neema Sharda, Jantira Thomas, and Ian M. Chapman14 Weight loss 190Isabelle Bourdel‐Marchasson and David R. Thomas15 Water and electrolyte balances in ageing 202Stewart G. Albert and Alexis McKee16 Vitamins and minerals 213Mary Ann Johnson and Connie W. BalesSection 2 Gastro Disorders17 Changes in gastrointestinal motor and sensory function associated with ageing 231Christopher K. Rayner and Michael Horowitz18 The liver and gallbladder in the geriatric population 247Gary Trey19 Faecal incontinence 254William Gibson20 Constipation 263Katherine A. Evans and Charlene M. Prather21 Diseases of the pancreas 274Tyler M. Berzin and Awais AhmedSection 3 Haematological Disorders22 Anaemia in older people 283Angela M. Sanford23 Disseminated intravascular coagulation 294Kingsley K. Hampton24 Disorders of haemostasis 298Kingsley K. Hampton25 When to anticoagulate, and which anticoagulant? 307Irene Criado Martin, Alba Mª Costa Grille, and Roberto Petidier Torregrossa26 Myelodysplasia 316Domenico Fusco, Andrea Bellieni, Beatrice Di Capua, and Giuseppe Colloca27 Management of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukaemias in the elderly 331Delphine Bréchemier, Marie Garric, and Thomas De NadaïSection 4 Cardiovascular Diseases and Health28 Epidemiology of heart disease 345Marco Proietti29 Arrhythmias 360C. Fielder Camm and A. John Camm30 Ischaemic heart disease 388Ahmed H. Abdelhafiz31 Lipid management 400Tiziano Lucchi32 Hypotension 419Elspeth A. Clark and Gwendolen T. Buhr33 Hypertension in older people 427Ahmed H. Abdelhafiz and Alan J. Sinclair34 Heart failure 439Nandkishor V. Athavale35 Cardiac surgery and percutaneous interventions in the elderly 455Ulrich von Oppell, Adam Szafranek, and Richard Anderson36 Peripheral arterial disease 482Leocadio Rodríguez Mañas, Marta Castro Rodríguez, and Cristina Alonso Bouzón37 Venous thromboembolism in the elderly 493Alessandra Bura‐Riviere, Lucas Verset, and François‐Xavier LapebieSection 5 Respiratory Diseases38 Epidemiologic and pathophysiologic overview of respiratory infections 501Sean D. Levy and Ronald C. Silvestri39 Pneumonia 512Joël Belmin40 Aspiration pneumonia 522Ben Blomberg and Neema Sharda41 The COVID‐19 pandemic in older people 530Nandkishor V. Athavale, Joanne Conway, Demelza Emmerton, and Ahmed H. Abdelhafiz42 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma 542Simone Scarlata and Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi43 Pulmonary rehabilitation 555Mangalore Amith Shenoy and Peter SpieglerSection 6 CNS Disorders44 Neurological signs of ageing 563Jonathan M. Schott and Andrew J. Larner45 Sleep apnoea and sleep disorders 570Araceli Abad, Cristina Matesanz, Carmen Acosta, and Cristina López46 Normal pressure hydrocephalus 581Vito Curiale and Sandrine Louchart De La Chappelle47 Acute stroke care and management of carotid artery stenosis 598David Doig and Martin M. Brown48 Stroke and stroke rehabilitation 619Guillaume Albaret and Helene Domergue49 Communication disorders and dysphagia 635Pamela M. Enderby50 Acute and chronic subdural hematoma 644Lauren Peruski and Magdy Selim51 Epilepsy 653Almudena Areosa Sastre and Irene Lozano Rosique52 Syncope and non‐epileptic attacks 664Matteo Cesari and Beatrice Arosio53 Parkinson’s disease 674Bruno Oquendo and Joël Belmin54 Non‐Parkinsonian movement disorders in the elderly 681Christian Johannes Amlang and Katie Kompoliti55 Diabetic neuropathy 698Ahmed H. Abdelhafiz and Alan J. Sinclair56 Disorders of the neuromuscular junction 709Sivakumar Sathasivam and Andrew J. Larner57 Muscle disorders 718Devyani Misra58 Motor neuron disease 733Pascal Cintas59 Chronic pain 743Benny Katz60 Multiple sclerosis 756Krupa S. Pandey and Florian P. ThomasAppendix Function assessment scales iIndex xviiContents of Volume 2About the Editors xiAbout the Associate Editors xiiiList of Contributors xvPreface to the Fifth Edition xxivPreface to the Sixth Edition xxvForeword xxviSection 7 Dementia and Cognitive Disorders61 Delirium in older patients 771Sarah A. Wingfield and Joseph H. Flaherty62 Memory clinics 782Ipsit V. Vahia63 Alzheimer’s disease 794Julien Delrieu64 Mild cognitive impairment: an update 808Pierre- Jean Ousset65 Vascular dementia 811Marco Inzitari and Domenico Inzitari66 Mental stimulation and dementia 822Joe Verghese67 Exercise and dementia 829Yves Rolland and Philipe de Souto Barreto68 Drug development and Alzheimer’s disease 843Julien Delrieu and Bruno Vellas69 Other dementias 860Wee Shiong Lim70 Management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia 878Maria Soto Martin and Adelaïde de Mauleon71 Late- life depression 892Didi Rhebergen and Max Stek72 Geriatric psychiatry 904Abhilash K. Desai and George T. Grossberg73 Organisation of services in geriatric psychiatry 919Susan Mary Benbow and Sharmi Bhattacharyya74 The older patient with Down syndrome 934John E. MorleySection 8 Special Senses, Bone, and Joint Health75 Disorders of the vestibular system 943Charlotte Ågrup and Linda M. Luxon76 Smell and taste 957Eva Topinkova77 Osteoporosis: burden, diagnosis, and management 972Jean- Yves Reginster and Olivier Bruyere78 Gait, balance, and falls 979Sarah D. Berry and Deborah S. Lee79 Hip fracture and orthogeriatrics 992Christine Lafont and Thomas Krams80 Foot problems 1007Hylton B. MenzSection 9 Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders81 Endocrinology of ageing 1021Ray Bourey, John Morley, and Alexis McKee82 The pituitary gland, 1032Alexis M. McKee and John E. Morley83 Thyroid disorders 1041Ligia J. Dominguez and Mario Barbagallo84 Ovarian function and menopause 1059Andrea Martínez- Massa, Antonio Marín- Montes, Jorge Abril- Pérez, and Antonio Cano85 Testicular function 1073Sandeep Dhindsa86 Diabetes mellitus 1086Alan J. Sinclair and Graydon S. Meneilly87 New therapies for diabetes mellitus 1108Michelangela Barbieri, Vittoria Cataldo, George T. Griffing, and Giuseppe PaolissoSection 10 Urogenital Disorders88 Gynaecology and the older patient 1125Vishnu Priya Padmanabhan, Susan Joseph, Radha Indusekhar, and Fidelma O’Mahony89 Prostate diseases 1136Stephane Gerard, Loic Mourey, Marguerite Briand, Boris Delaunay, and Laurent Balardy90 The ageing bladder 1153Matteo Cesari and Beatrice Arosio91 Geriatric nephrology 1162David Schlientz, Liza Genao, Carlos G. Musso, and Dimitrios G. OreopoulosSection 11 Cancer92 Cancer and ageing 1171Ahmed Abdelhafiz93 Oncological emergencies 1184Thomas De Nadaï, Chantal Bernard- Marty, Clément Gaudin, and Laurent Balardy94 Breast cancer 1196Hannah Chapman95 Maintaining functional status among older adult cancer patients and survivors 1208Miriam B. RodinSection 12 Functional Disorders and Rehabilitation96 Multidimensional geriatric assessment 1231Leocadio Rodríguez Mañas, Marta Castro Rodríguez, Laurence Z. Rubenstein, and Andreas E. Stuck97 Frailty 1242Angela M. Sanford and John E. Morley98 Rehabilitation 1249Matthew T. Corey99 Cachexia 1265Emanuele Marzetti, Anna Picca, Anita Maria Tummolo, and Riccardo Calvani100 WHO Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) 1272Catherine Takeda, Sophie Guyonnet, Bruno Vellas, and Yuka SumiSection 13 Iatrogenic Infections101 Valvular heart disease and infective endocarditis 1283Ariane M. Fraiche, Jason D. Matos, and Eli V. Gelfand102 Infections of the central nervous system 1305Rodrigo HasbunSection 14 Special Issues I Abuse and Older PeopleI Abuse and Older People103 Good quality care: abuse 1331Jean- Pierre Aquino and Laëtitia Ngatcha Ribert104 Alcohol consumption and cognition 1336Julien Delrieu, Luc Letenneur, and Jean- François Dartigues105 The use and abuse of prescribed medicines 1342Matteo Cesari and Beatrice Arosio106 Drug misuse and the older person: a contradiction in terms? 1349Antoine Piau and Fati NourhashemiII Emerging Themes107 Transportation, driving, and older adults 1361Desmond O’Neill and David Carr108 Smart Homes 1370Rodrigo Pérez- Rodríguez109 Modern use of biomarkers in geriatric medicine 1380Stefan WalterIII Dermatology110 Geriatric dermatology 1395Elizabeth L. Bisbee, Claudia I. Vidal, and Tricia A. Missall111 Pressure injuries: prevention and management 1403Madhuri ReddyIV Surgical Themes112 Perioperative medical assessment of older adults 1409Milta Oyola Little, Shelley McDonald, David Schlientz, and Yoon Hie Kim113 Anaesthesia 1421Coilin Collins- Smyth and Suzanne CroweV Ageing Themes and Ethical Issues114 Health issues in the ageing woman 1435Reshma A. Merchant115 Antiageing strategies 1442Ligia J. Dominguez and Mario Barbagallo116 The ethics of geriatric care 1459Alessandro Blasimme117 Participation of older people in clinical trials 1466Nicola Coley and Sandrine Andrieu118 Restraints and immobility 1478Katerina Melino, Laura M. Wagner, and Elizabeth A. Capezuti119 Centenarians 1492Evelyn Ferri, Marco Proietti, Matteo Cesari, and Beatrice Arosio120 End- of- life and palliative care 1503Kate Lally and Rachelle E. Bernacki121 End- of- life care: special issues 1514Trisha DunningPart 3 | Global Healthcare Systems122 Improving quality of care 1529Julie K. Gammack, Babatunde Olumide, and Carolyn D. Philpot123 Clinical audit of healthcare 1543Matthew Roycroft124 Caring for the caregiver 1552Danielle L. Boisvert, Max Zubatsky, and Marla Berg- Weger125 Nursing home care 1560Cari Levy, Briony Jain, Edward Cheong, Lyndal Bugeja, Joseph Ibrahim, Kate Magid, and Emily Galenbeck126 Geriatric occupational therapy: achieving quality in daily living 1574Jeremy Whyman127 Geriatric medicine education in Europe and the United States 1585Antonio Cherubini, Jesús Mateos- Nozal, Daphne T. Lo, and Miguel A. Paniagua128 Systems of healthcare: the United States 1594Julie K. Gammack and Stephanie L. Simpson129 Systems of healthcare: Australia 1603Gideon A. Caplan and Taylor A. Scott130 Systems of healthcare: the UK 1609Richard Wilson and Simon Conroy131 Geriatric medicine in China 1616Woo Jean132 Ageing in developing countries 1620Luis Miguel Gutierrez Robledo and Renato Maia Guimarães133 Geriatric medicine in the European Union: towards unification of diversity 1629Jesús Mateos- Nozal and Alfonso J. Cruz- Jentoft134 Research horizons for the twenty- first century 1635Leocadio Rodríguez Mañas, Miriam El Assar, and Javier AnguloAppendix Function assessment scales iIndex xvii

Alan J. Sinclair is Director of the Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People (fDROP) and has led several global initiatives on diabetes in older people. He regularly provides advice on diabetes and clinical gerontology to the Department of Health, Association of British Clinical Diabetologists, Diabetes UK, and to the WHO as an expert in ageing and in frailty.John E. Morley is Professor of Geriatric Medicine at Saint Louis University School of Medicine, USA. Bruno Vellas is Head of the Toulouse Gerontopole, Head of the Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics at Toulouse University Hospital, and Head of the Alzheimer Disease Clinical Research Centre, University of Toulouse and a member of INSERM (National Institute of Medical Research) 1295 Maintain Team, France. Matteo Cesari is Associate Professor of Geriatrics at the University of Milano and Head of the Geriatric Unit at the IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Italy. Medha Munshi is Associate Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, Director of the Joslin Geriatric Diabetes Program, and Geriatrician at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, USA.

• Contents of Volume 1About the Editors xiAbout the Associate Editors xiiiList of Contributors xvPreface to the Fifth Edition xxivPreface to the Sixth Edition xxvForeword xxviIntroduction: Historical perspectives 1Michael J. Denham and John E. MorleyPart 1 | Ageing: Biological, Social, and Community Perspectives1 A biological perspective of ageing 13Florent Guerville and Maël Lemoine2 Physiology of ageing 22Sevnaz Şahin and Emin Taskiran3 Psychological aspects of ageing 34Evan T. Schulze, Phillip Ruppert, Gayle Heady, and Lauren Schwarz4 Social and community aspects of ageing 43Kahli E. Zietlow and Serena P. Wong5 Sexuality and ageing 59Serena P. Wong and Kahli E. Zietlow6 Ageing of the brain 68Marco Canevelli and Luca Marsili7 Physical fitness and exercise 77Maria A. Fiatarone Singh, Mikel Izquierdo, and John E. Morley8 Health literacy and cultural sensitivity 108Nina TumosaPart 2 | Medicine and Prescribing in Old Age9 Preventive geriatrics 121Gerald M. Mahon, Suzanne M. Mahon, and Joseph H. Flaherty10 Polypharmacy and deprescribing in older adults 132Fernanda Heitor and Milta Little11 Patient safety 146Katherine Evans, Nandkishor Athavale, Susannah Long, and Charles VincentSection 1 Eating Disorders and Nutritional Health12 Nutrition and healthy ageing: Emphasis on brain, bone, and muscle 167Gene L. Bowman13 The anorexia of aging 177Neema Sharda, Jantira Thomas, and Ian M. Chapman14 Weight loss 190Isabelle Bourdel‐Marchasson and David R. Thomas15 Water and electrolyte balances in ageing 202Stewart G. Albert and Alexis McKee16 Vitamins and minerals 213Mary Ann Johnson and Connie W. BalesSection 2 Gastro Disorders17 Changes in gastrointestinal motor and sensory function associated with ageing 231Christopher K. Rayner and Michael Horowitz18 The liver and gallbladder in the geriatric population 247Gary Trey19 Faecal incontinence 254William Gibson20 Constipation 263Katherine A. Evans and Charlene M. Prather21 Diseases of the pancreas 274Tyler M. Berzin and Awais AhmedSection 3 Haematological Disorders22 Anaemia in older people 283Angela M. Sanford23 Disseminated intravascular coagulation 294Kingsley K. Hampton24 Disorders of haemostasis 298Kingsley K. Hampton25 When to anticoagulate, and which anticoagulant? 307Irene Criado Martin, Alba Mª Costa Grille, and Roberto Petidier Torregrossa26 Myelodysplasia 316Domenico Fusco, Andrea Bellieni, Beatrice Di Capua, and Giuseppe Colloca27 Management of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukaemias in the elderly 331Delphine Bréchemier, Marie Garric, and Thomas De NadaïSection 4 Cardiovascular Diseases and Health28 Epidemiology of heart disease 345Marco Proietti29 Arrhythmias 360C. Fielder Camm and A. John Camm30 Ischaemic heart disease 388Ahmed H. Abdelhafiz31 Lipid management 400Tiziano Lucchi32 Hypotension 419Elspeth A. Clark and Gwendolen T. Buhr33 Hypertension in older people 427Ahmed H. Abdelhafiz and Alan J. Sinclair34 Heart failure 439Nandkishor V. Athavale35 Cardiac surgery and percutaneous interventions in the elderly 455Ulrich von Oppell, Adam Szafranek, and Richard Anderson36 Peripheral arterial disease 482Leocadio Rodríguez Mañas, Marta Castro Rodríguez, and Cristina Alonso Bouzón37 Venous thromboembolism in the elderly 493Alessandra Bura‐Riviere, Lucas Verset, and François‐Xavier LapebieSection 5 Respiratory Diseases38 Epidemiologic and pathophysiologic overview of respiratory infections 501Sean D. Levy and Ronald C. Silvestri39 Pneumonia 512Joël Belmin40 Aspiration pneumonia 522Ben Blomberg and Neema Sharda41 The COVID‐19 pandemic in older people 530Nandkishor V. Athavale, Joanne Conway, Demelza Emmerton, and Ahmed H. Abdelhafiz42 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma 542Simone Scarlata and Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi43 Pulmonary rehabilitation 555Mangalore Amith Shenoy and Peter SpieglerSection 6 CNS Disorders44 Neurological signs of ageing 563Jonathan M. Schott and Andrew J. Larner45 Sleep apnoea and sleep disorders 570Araceli Abad, Cristina Matesanz, Carmen Acosta, and Cristina López46 Normal pressure hydrocephalus 581Vito Curiale and Sandrine Louchart De La Chappelle47 Acute stroke care and management of carotid artery stenosis 598David Doig and Martin M. Brown48 Stroke and stroke rehabilitation 619Guillaume Albaret and Helene Domergue49 Communication disorders and dysphagia 635Pamela M. Enderby50 Acute and chronic subdural hematoma 644Lauren Peruski and Magdy Selim51 Epilepsy 653Almudena Areosa Sastre and Irene Lozano Rosique52 Syncope and non‐epileptic attacks 664Matteo Cesari and Beatrice Arosio53 Parkinson’s disease 674Bruno Oquendo and Joël Belmin54 Non‐Parkinsonian movement disorders in the elderly 681Christian Johannes Amlang and Katie Kompoliti55 Diabetic neuropathy 698Ahmed H. Abdelhafiz and Alan J. Sinclair56 Disorders of the neuromuscular junction 709Sivakumar Sathasivam and Andrew J. Larner57 Muscle disorders 718Devyani Misra58 Motor neuron disease 733Pascal Cintas59 Chronic pain 743Benny Katz60 Multiple sclerosis 756Krupa S. Pandey and Florian P. ThomasAppendix Function assessment scales iIndex xviiContents of Volume 2About the Editors xiAbout the Associate Editors xiiiList of Contributors xvPreface to the Fifth Edition xxivPreface to the Sixth Edition xxvForeword xxviSection 7 Dementia and Cognitive Disorders61 Delirium in older patients 771Sarah A. Wingfield and Joseph H. Flaherty62 Memory clinics 782Ipsit V. Vahia63 Alzheimer’s disease 794Julien Delrieu64 Mild cognitive impairment: an update 808Pierre- Jean Ousset65 Vascular dementia 811Marco Inzitari and Domenico Inzitari66 Mental stimulation and dementia 822Joe Verghese67 Exercise and dementia 829Yves Rolland and Philipe de Souto Barreto68 Drug development and Alzheimer’s disease 843Julien Delrieu and Bruno Vellas69 Other dementias 860Wee Shiong Lim70 Management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia 878Maria Soto Martin and Adelaïde de Mauleon71 Late- life depression 892Didi Rhebergen and Max Stek72 Geriatric psychiatry 904Abhilash K. Desai and George T. Grossberg73 Organisation of services in geriatric psychiatry 919Susan Mary Benbow and Sharmi Bhattacharyya74 The older patient with Down syndrome 934John E. MorleySection 8 Special Senses, Bone, and Joint Health75 Disorders of the vestibular system 943Charlotte Ågrup and Linda M. Luxon76 Smell and taste 957Eva Topinkova77 Osteoporosis: burden, diagnosis, and management 972Jean- Yves Reginster and Olivier Bruyere78 Gait, balance, and falls 979Sarah D. Berry and Deborah S. Lee79 Hip fracture and orthogeriatrics 992Christine Lafont and Thomas Krams80 Foot problems 1007Hylton B. MenzSection 9 Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders81 Endocrinology of ageing 1021Ray Bourey, John Morley, and Alexis McKee82 The pituitary gland, 1032Alexis M. McKee and John E. Morley83 Thyroid disorders 1041Ligia J. Dominguez and Mario Barbagallo84 Ovarian function and menopause 1059Andrea Martínez- Massa, Antonio Marín- Montes, Jorge Abril- Pérez, and Antonio Cano85 Testicular function 1073Sandeep Dhindsa86 Diabetes mellitus 1086Alan J. Sinclair and Graydon S. Meneilly87 New therapies for diabetes mellitus 1108Michelangela Barbieri, Vittoria Cataldo, George T. Griffing, and Giuseppe PaolissoSection 10 Urogenital Disorders88 Gynaecology and the older patient 1125Vishnu Priya Padmanabhan, Susan Joseph, Radha Indusekhar, and Fidelma O’Mahony89 Prostate diseases 1136Stephane Gerard, Loic Mourey, Marguerite Briand, Boris Delaunay, and Laurent Balardy90 The ageing bladder 1153Matteo Cesari and Beatrice Arosio91 Geriatric nephrology 1162David Schlientz, Liza Genao, Carlos G. Musso, and Dimitrios G. OreopoulosSection 11 Cancer92 Cancer and ageing 1171Ahmed Abdelhafiz93 Oncological emergencies 1184Thomas De Nadaï, Chantal Bernard- Marty, Clément Gaudin, and Laurent Balardy94 Breast cancer 1196Hannah Chapman95 Maintaining functional status among older adult cancer patients and survivors 1208Miriam B. RodinSection 12 Functional Disorders and Rehabilitation96 Multidimensional geriatric assessment 1231Leocadio Rodríguez Mañas, Marta Castro Rodríguez, Laurence Z. Rubenstein, and Andreas E. Stuck97 Frailty 1242Angela M. Sanford and John E. Morley98 Rehabilitation 1249Matthew T. Corey99 Cachexia 1265Emanuele Marzetti, Anna Picca, Anita Maria Tummolo, and Riccardo Calvani100 WHO Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) 1272Catherine Takeda, Sophie Guyonnet, Bruno Vellas, and Yuka SumiSection 13 Iatrogenic Infections101 Valvular heart disease and infective endocarditis 1283Ariane M. Fraiche, Jason D. Matos, and Eli V. Gelfand102 Infections of the central nervous system 1305Rodrigo HasbunSection 14 Special Issues I Abuse and Older PeopleI Abuse and Older People103 Good quality care: abuse 1331Jean- Pierre Aquino and Laëtitia Ngatcha Ribert104 Alcohol consumption and cognition 1336Julien Delrieu, Luc Letenneur, and Jean- François Dartigues105 The use and abuse of prescribed medicines 1342Matteo Cesari and Beatrice Arosio106 Drug misuse and the older person: a contradiction in terms? 1349Antoine Piau and Fati NourhashemiII Emerging Themes107 Transportation, driving, and older adults 1361Desmond O’Neill and David Carr108 Smart Homes 1370Rodrigo Pérez- Rodríguez109 Modern use of biomarkers in geriatric medicine 1380Stefan WalterIII Dermatology110 Geriatric dermatology 1395Elizabeth L. Bisbee, Claudia I. Vidal, and Tricia A. Missall111 Pressure injuries: prevention and management 1403Madhuri ReddyIV Surgical Themes112 Perioperative medical assessment of older adults 1409Milta Oyola Little, Shelley McDonald, David Schlientz, and Yoon Hie Kim113 Anaesthesia 1421Coilin Collins- Smyth and Suzanne CroweV Ageing Themes and Ethical Issues114 Health issues in the ageing woman 1435Reshma A. Merchant115 Antiageing strategies 1442Ligia J. Dominguez and Mario Barbagallo116 The ethics of geriatric care 1459Alessandro Blasimme117 Participation of older people in clinical trials 1466Nicola Coley and Sandrine Andrieu118 Restraints and immobility 1478Katerina Melino, Laura M. Wagner, and Elizabeth A. Capezuti119 Centenarians 1492Evelyn Ferri, Marco Proietti, Matteo Cesari, and Beatrice Arosio120 End- of- life and palliative care 1503Kate Lally and Rachelle E. Bernacki121 End- of- life care: special issues 1514Trisha DunningPart 3 | Global Healthcare Systems122 Improving quality of care 1529Julie K. Gammack, Babatunde Olumide, and Carolyn D. Philpot123 Clinical audit of healthcare 1543Matthew Roycroft124 Caring for the caregiver 1552Danielle L. Boisvert, Max Zubatsky, and Marla Berg- Weger125 Nursing home care 1560Cari Levy, Briony Jain, Edward Cheong, Lyndal Bugeja, Joseph Ibrahim, Kate Magid, and Emily Galenbeck126 Geriatric occupational therapy: achieving quality in daily living 1574Jeremy Whyman127 Geriatric medicine education in Europe and the United States 1585Antonio Cherubini, Jesús Mateos- Nozal, Daphne T. Lo, and Miguel A. Paniagua128 Systems of healthcare: the United States 1594Julie K. Gammack and Stephanie L. Simpson129 Systems of healthcare: Australia 1603Gideon A. Caplan and Taylor A. Scott130 Systems of healthcare: the UK 1609Richard Wilson and Simon Conroy131 Geriatric medicine in China 1616Woo Jean132 Ageing in developing countries 1620Luis Miguel Gutierrez Robledo and Renato Maia Guimarães133 Geriatric medicine in the European Union: towards unification of diversity 1629Jesús Mateos- Nozal and Alfonso J. Cruz- Jentoft134 Research horizons for the twenty- first century 1635Leocadio Rodríguez Mañas, Miriam El Assar, and Javier AnguloAppendix Function assessment scales iIndex xvii