Advanced Monitoring and Procedures for Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care

The editors Jamie M. Burkitt Creedon, DVM, DACVECC, is Associate Professor of Clinical Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care at the University of California at Davis School of Veterinary Medicine in Davis, California, USA. She currently serves as the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, and is an Executive Committee member for the RECOVER initiative in veterinary CPR. Harold Davis, BA, RVT, VTS (Emergency and Critical Care) (Anesthesia and Analgesia), is retired from his position as Manager of the Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Service at the William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the University of California at Davis School of Veterinary Medicine in Davis, California, USA.

• List of Contributors xiPreface to the Second Edition xviiAcknowledgments xixAbout the Companion Website xxiSection One Fundamental Elements of Emergency and Critical Care Practice 11 Triage 3Harold Davis2 The Small Animal Emergency Room 13Martin D. Miller and Sean D. Smarick3 Intensive Care Unit Design 23Joris H. Robben and Lindsey Dodd4 Developing and Using Checklists in Practice 47Elizabeth B. Davidow and Carmen King5 Medical Charting 53Karl E. Jandrey and Sharon Fornes6 Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Emergency and Critical Care 75Søren Boysen and Valerie MaddenSection Two Cardiovascular Procedures and Monitoring 817 Catheterization of the Venous Compartment 83Andrea M. Steele and Jessica L. Oram8 Arterial Puncture and Catheterization 103Elisa M. Mazzaferro and Nicole van Sant9 Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Access 117Søren Boysen and Valerie Madden10 Principles of Electrocardiography 127Jamie M. Burkitt Creedon11 Electrocardiogram Interpretation 135Casey J. Kohen12 Fluid-Filled Hemodynamic Monitoring Systems 153Jamie M. Burkitt Creedon13 Direct Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring 169Edward Cooper and Stacey Cooper14 Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring 181Christopher L. Norkus and Nicholas L. Rivituso15 Central Venous Pressure Monitoring 191Rosalind S. Chow16 Cardiac Output Monitoring 207Mack Fudge17 Point-of-Care Cardiac Ultrasound 225Valerie Madden and Søren Boysen18 Pericardiocentesis 241Simon P. Hagley19 Monitoring Tissue Perfusion: Clinicopathologic Aids and Advanced Techniques 251Alexandra Nectoux and Guillaume L. Hoareau20 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 261Sean D. Smarick21 Open-Chest Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 271Janelle R. Wierenga and Katherine R. Crosse22 Defibrillation 281Casey J. Kohen23 Temporary Cardiac Pacing 291Anna Grimes and H. Edward Durham, JrSection Three Respiratory Procedures and Monitoring 30924 Oxygen Therapy 311Kate Farrell25 Pulse Oximetry and Co-Oximetry 327Kate Farrell26 Blood Gas Analysis 339Sarah Gray27 Point-of-Care Lung and Pleural Space Ultrasound 347Søren Boysen and Valerie Madden28 Tracheal Intubation 365Marc Raffe and Rachel Bassett29 Temporary Tracheostomy 377F. A. (Tony) Mann30 Capnography 389Linda S. Barter and Alessia Cenani31 Mechanical Ventilation 399Kate Hopper and Julie Eveland-Baker32 Ventilator Waveform Analysis 409Deborah Silverstein and Justina Gerard33 Alternative Methods of Augmented Ventilation 427Jessica Schavone and Elizabeth Rozanski34 Pleural Space Drainage 431Amanda Arrowood and Lori S. WaddellSection Four Urinary and Gastrointestinal Procedures 44935 Urethral Catheterization 451Jamie M. Burkitt Creedon36 Peritoneal Dialysis 467Michael D. Santasieri, Carolyn Tai, and Mary Anna Labato37 Technical Management of Hemodialysis 481Karen Poeppel and Cathy Langston38 Peritoneal Evaluation 499Laura Osborne and Lindsey Strang39 Point-of-Care Abdominal Ultrasound 513Søren Boysen and Valerie Madden40 Specialized Gastrointestinal Techniques 523Lisa Smart and Joyce Lau41 Postoperative Peritoneal Drainage Techniques 539Margo MehlSection Five Nutrition 54542 Nutritional Requirements in Critical Illness 547Daniel L. Chan43 Enteral Diets for Critically Ill Patients 555Sally C. Perea44 Assisted Enteral Feeding 567Wan K. A. Tan45 Parenteral Nutrition 585Jennifer LarsenSection Six Analgesia and Anesthesia 59946 Drug Administration 601Damion Asselin and Jane Quandt47 Pain Recognition and Management 617Chiara Valtolina and Liza Lindeman48 Systemic Analgesia 631Sarah Haldane and Angela Chapman49 Local Anesthesia 651Christopher L. Norkus50 Monitoring the Anesthetized Patient 665Benjamin M. Brainard and Jessica Perlini51 Nursing Care of the Long-Term Anesthetized Patient 681Yekaterina Buriko and Bridget M. Lyons52 Neuromuscular Blockade 691Manuel Martin-Flores and Karen L. BasherSection Seven Clinicopathologic Techniques 69953 Blood Sample Collection and Handling 701Courtney Waxman and Tami Lind54 In-House Hematologic Evaluation 717Karl Jandrey and Andrew Burton55 In-House Evaluation of Hemostasis 739April Summers, Jocey Pronko, and Julien Guillaumin56 Electrolyte Evaluation 747Louisa J. Rahilly and Katherine Vachon57 Acid–Base Evaluation 763Kate Hopper58 Osmolality and Colloid Osmotic Pressure 771Elke Rudloff and Angel Rivera59 Body Fluid Collection and Handling 779Adesola Odunayo and Eric Hilton60 Urinalysis in Acutely and Critically Ill Dogs and Cats 787Lucy Kopecny and Sean Naylor61 Cytology 797Rebecca J. GreerSection Eight Infection Control 80762 Minimizing Healthcare-Associated Infections 809Jane E. Sykes63 Care of Indwelling Device Insertion Sites 819Helen Philp64 Antiseptics, Disinfectants, and Sterilization 837Samantha Jones, Krystle Reagan, and Nicole Saunders65 Personnel Precautions for Patients with Zoonotic Disease 845Sarah Fritz and Christopher G. ByersSection Nine Transfusion Medicine 85966 Blood Typing and Crossmatching 861Sarah Musulin and Kenichiro Yagi67 Blood Transfusion 879Julien Guillaumin and Kristin Kofron68 Administration of Other Biological Products 891Jennifer E. Prittie and Jasmine De Stefano69 Blood Banking 905Marie K. Holowaychuk and Kenichiro YagiSection Ten Nursing Care of Specific Populations 92170 Care of the Patient with Intracranial Disease 923Marie K. Holowaychuk and Charlotte E. Donohoe71 Care of the Burned Animal 935Steven Epstein72 Care of the Environmentally Injured Animal 941Michael S. Lagutchik, Rufus W. Frederick, and James O. Barclay73 Blood Glucose Monitoring and Glycemic Control 951Erica L. Reineke74 Critical Nursing Care of the Neonate 965Autumn Davidson and Janice Cain75 Safe Handling and Care of Patients Exposed to Radioactive and Anti-Neoplastic Agents 997Michael S. Kent and Kristen Sears76 Handling the Suspected Cruelty Case 1005Alison LiuSection Eleven Wellness for the Veterinary Health Care Team 101777 Self-Compassion: The Cornerstone of Wellbeing 1019Deborah A. StoneIndex 1027