McGraw-Hill authors represent the leading experts in their fields and are dedicated to improving the lives, careers, and interests of readers worldwide McGraw-Hill authors represent the leading experts in their fields and are dedicated to improving the lives, careers, and interests of readers worldwide

• Preface Contents Chapter 1 The Subject of Electromagnetics 1.1 Historical Background 1.2 Objectives of the Chapter 1.3 Electric Charge 1.4 Units 1.5 Vectors 1.6 Electrical Force, Field, Flux, and Potential 1.7 Magnetic Force, Field, Flux, and Potential 1.8 Electromagnetic Induction 1.9 Mathematical Operators and Identities 1.10 Maxwell’s Equations 1.11 Electromagnetic Waves 1.12 Trajectory of a Sinusoidal Motion in Two Dimensions 1.13 Wave Polarization 1.14 Electromagnetic Spectrum 1.15 Transmission Lines Chapter 2 Vector Analysis 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Vector Notation 2.3 Vector Functions 2.4 Vector Algebra 2.5 Coordinate Systems 2.6 Differential Volume, Surface, and Line Elements Chapter 3 Electric Field 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Coulomb’s Law in Vector Form 3.3 Superposition 3.4 Electric Field Intensity 3.5 Charge Distributions 3.6 Standard Charge Configurations Chapter 4 Electric Flux 4.1 Net Charge in a Region 4.2 Electric Flux and Flux Density 4.3 Gauss’s Law 4.4 Relation between Flux Density and Electric Field Intensity 4.5 Special Gaussian Surfaces Chapter 5 Gradient, Divergence, Curl, and Laplacian 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Gradient 5.3 The Del Operator 5.4 The Del Operator and Gradient 5.5 Divergence 5.6 Expressions for Divergence in Coordinate Systems 5.7 The Del Operator and Divergence 5.8 Divergence of D 5.9 The Divergence Theorem 5.10 Curl 5.11 Laplacian 5.12 Summary of Vector Operations Chapter 6 Electrostatics: Work, Energy, and Potential 6.1 Work Done in Moving a Point Charge 6.2 Conservative Property of the Electrostatic Field 6.3 Electric Potential between Two Points 6.4 Potential of a Point Charge 6.5 Potential of a Charge Distribution 6.6 Relationship between E and V 6.7 Energy in Static Electric Fields Chapter 7 Electric Current 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Charges in Motion 7.3 Convection Current Density J 7.4 Conduction Current Density J 7.5 Conductivity σ 7.6 Current I 7.7 Resistance R 7.8 Current Sheet Density K 7.9 Continuity of Current 7.10 Conductor-Dielectric Boundary Conditions Chapter 8 Capacitance and Dielectric Materials 8.1 Polarization P and Relative Permittivity εr 8.2 Capacitance 8.3 Multiple-Dielectric Capacitors 8.4 Energy Stored in a Capacitor 8.5 Fixed-Voltage D and E 8.6 Fixed-Charge D and E 8.7 Boundary Conditions at the Interface of Two Dielectrics 8.8 Method of Images Chapter 9 Laplace’s Equation 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Poisson’s Equation and Laplace’s Equation 9.3 Explicit Forms of Laplace’s Equation 9.4 Uniqueness Theorem 9.5 Mean Value and Maximum Value Theorems 9.6 Cartesian Solution in One Variable 9.7 Cartesian Product Solution 9.8 Cylindrical Product Solution 9.9 Spherical Product Solution Chapter 10 Magnetic Field and Boundary Conditions 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Biot-Savart Law 10.3 Ampère’s Law 10.4 Relationship of J and H 10.5 Magnetic Flux Density B 10.6 Boundary Relations for Magnetic Fields 10.7 Current Sheet at the Boundary 10.8 Summary of Boundary Conditions 10.9 Vector Magnetic Potential A 10.10 Stokes’ Theorem Chapter 11 Forces and Torques in Magnetic Fields 11.1 Magnetic Force on Particles 11.2 Electric and Magnetic Fields Combined 11.3 Magnetic Force on a Current Element 11.4 Work and Power 11.5 Torque 11.6 Magnetic Moment of a Planar Coil Chapter 12 Inductance and Magnetic Circuits 12.1 Inductance 12.2 Standard Conductor Configurations 12.3 Faraday’s Law and Self-Inductance 12.4 Internal Inductance 12.5 Mutual Inductance 12.6 Magnetic Circuits 12.7 The B-H Curve 12.8 Ampère’s Law for Magnetic Circuits 12.9 Cores with Air Gaps 12.10 Multiple Coils 12.11 Parallel Magnetic Circuits Chapter 13 Time-Varying Fields and Maxwell’s Equations 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Maxwell’s Equations for Static Fields 13.3 Faraday’s Law and Lenz’s Law 13.4 Conductors’ Motion in Time-Independent Fields 13.5 Conductors’ Motion in Time-Dependent Fields 13.6 Displacement Current 13.7 Ratio of Jcto JD 13.8 Maxwell’s Equations for Time-Varying Fields Chapter 14 Electromagnetic Waves 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Wave Equations 14.3 Solutions in Cartesian Coordinates 14.4 Plane Waves 14.5 Solutions for Partially Conducting Media 14.6 Solutions for Perfect Dielectrics 14.7 Solutions for Good Conductors; Skin Depth 14.8 Interface Conditions at Normal Incidence 14.9 Oblique Incidence and Snell’s Laws 14.10 Perpendicular Polarization 14.11 Parallel Polarization 14.12 Standing Waves 14.13 Power and the Poynting Vector Chapter 15 Transmission Lines 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Distributed Parameters 15.3 Incremental Models 15.4 Transmission Line Equation 15.5 Impedance, Admittance, and Other Features of Interest 15.6 Sinusoidal Steady-State Excitation 15.7 Lossless Lines 15.8 The Smith Chart 15.9 Admittance Plane 15.10 Quarter-Wave Transformer 15.11 Impedance Matching 15.12 Single-Stub Matching 15.13 Double-Stub Matching 15.14 Impedance Measurement 15.15 Transients in Lossless Lines Chapter 16 Waveguides 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Transverse and Axial Fields 16.3 TE and TM Modes; Wave Impedances 16.4 Determination of the Axial Fields 16.5 Mode Cutoff Frequencies 16.6 Dominant Mode 16.7 Power Transmitted in a Lossless Waveguide 16.8 Power Dissipation in a Lossy Waveguide Chapter 17 Antennas 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Current Source and the E and H Fields 17.3 Electric (Hertzian) Dipole Antenna 17.4 Antenna Parameters 17.5 Small Circular-Loop Antenna 17.6 Finite-Length Dipole 17.7 Monopole Antenna 17.8 Self- and Mutual Impedances 17.9 The Receiving Antenna 17.10 Linear Arrays 17.11 Reflectors Chapter 18 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in the Atmosphere 18.1 Introduction and Summary 18.2 Plane Waves in Homogeneous Media 18.3 Propagation Parameters 18.4 Complex Dielectric Constant 18.5 Power Equation 18.6 Refraction 18.7 Reflection, Diffraction, and Scattering 18.8 The Atmosphere 18.9 Atmospheric Effects on Propagation of Radio Waves 18.10 Attenuation by Gaseous Absorption 18.11 Attenuation by Hydrometeors 18.12 Ground and Sky Waves 18.13 Models of the Troposphere 18.14 Tropospheric Refractivity 18.15 Tropospheric Excess Delay 18.16 Bending Effect of Tropospheric Refraction 18.17 Conductivity, Permittivity, and Refraction Index of the Ionosphere 18.18 Satellite Microwave Ranging 18.19 Ionospheric Range Error 18.20 Tropospheric Range Error Appendix Index Advertisement

McGraw-Hill authors represent the leading experts in their fields and are dedicated to improving the lives, careers, and interests of readers worldwide McGraw-Hill authors represent the leading experts in their fields and are dedicated to improving the lives, careers, and interests of readers worldwide

• Preface Contents Chapter 1 The Subject of Electromagnetics 1.1 Historical Background 1.2 Objectives of the Chapter 1.3 Electric Charge 1.4 Units 1.5 Vectors 1.6 Electrical Force, Field, Flux, and Potential 1.7 Magnetic Force, Field, Flux, and Potential 1.8 Electromagnetic Induction 1.9 Mathematical Operators and Identities 1.10 Maxwell’s Equations 1.11 Electromagnetic Waves 1.12 Trajectory of a Sinusoidal Motion in Two Dimensions 1.13 Wave Polarization 1.14 Electromagnetic Spectrum 1.15 Transmission Lines Chapter 2 Vector Analysis 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Vector Notation 2.3 Vector Functions 2.4 Vector Algebra 2.5 Coordinate Systems 2.6 Differential Volume, Surface, and Line Elements Chapter 3 Electric Field 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Coulomb’s Law in Vector Form 3.3 Superposition 3.4 Electric Field Intensity 3.5 Charge Distributions 3.6 Standard Charge Configurations Chapter 4 Electric Flux 4.1 Net Charge in a Region 4.2 Electric Flux and Flux Density 4.3 Gauss’s Law 4.4 Relation between Flux Density and Electric Field Intensity 4.5 Special Gaussian Surfaces Chapter 5 Gradient, Divergence, Curl, and Laplacian 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Gradient 5.3 The Del Operator 5.4 The Del Operator and Gradient 5.5 Divergence 5.6 Expressions for Divergence in Coordinate Systems 5.7 The Del Operator and Divergence 5.8 Divergence of D 5.9 The Divergence Theorem 5.10 Curl 5.11 Laplacian 5.12 Summary of Vector Operations Chapter 6 Electrostatics: Work, Energy, and Potential 6.1 Work Done in Moving a Point Charge 6.2 Conservative Property of the Electrostatic Field 6.3 Electric Potential between Two Points 6.4 Potential of a Point Charge 6.5 Potential of a Charge Distribution 6.6 Relationship between E and V 6.7 Energy in Static Electric Fields Chapter 7 Electric Current 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Charges in Motion 7.3 Convection Current Density J 7.4 Conduction Current Density J 7.5 Conductivity σ 7.6 Current I 7.7 Resistance R 7.8 Current Sheet Density K 7.9 Continuity of Current 7.10 Conductor-Dielectric Boundary Conditions Chapter 8 Capacitance and Dielectric Materials 8.1 Polarization P and Relative Permittivity εr 8.2 Capacitance 8.3 Multiple-Dielectric Capacitors 8.4 Energy Stored in a Capacitor 8.5 Fixed-Voltage D and E 8.6 Fixed-Charge D and E 8.7 Boundary Conditions at the Interface of Two Dielectrics 8.8 Method of Images Chapter 9 Laplace’s Equation 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Poisson’s Equation and Laplace’s Equation 9.3 Explicit Forms of Laplace’s Equation 9.4 Uniqueness Theorem 9.5 Mean Value and Maximum Value Theorems 9.6 Cartesian Solution in One Variable 9.7 Cartesian Product Solution 9.8 Cylindrical Product Solution 9.9 Spherical Product Solution Chapter 10 Magnetic Field and Boundary Conditions 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Biot-Savart Law 10.3 Ampère’s Law 10.4 Relationship of J and H 10.5 Magnetic Flux Density B 10.6 Boundary Relations for Magnetic Fields 10.7 Current Sheet at the Boundary 10.8 Summary of Boundary Conditions 10.9 Vector Magnetic Potential A 10.10 Stokes’ Theorem Chapter 11 Forces and Torques in Magnetic Fields 11.1 Magnetic Force on Particles 11.2 Electric and Magnetic Fields Combined 11.3 Magnetic Force on a Current Element 11.4 Work and Power 11.5 Torque 11.6 Magnetic Moment of a Planar Coil Chapter 12 Inductance and Magnetic Circuits 12.1 Inductance 12.2 Standard Conductor Configurations 12.3 Faraday’s Law and Self-Inductance 12.4 Internal Inductance 12.5 Mutual Inductance 12.6 Magnetic Circuits 12.7 The B-H Curve 12.8 Ampère’s Law for Magnetic Circuits 12.9 Cores with Air Gaps 12.10 Multiple Coils 12.11 Parallel Magnetic Circuits Chapter 13 Time-Varying Fields and Maxwell’s Equations 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Maxwell’s Equations for Static Fields 13.3 Faraday’s Law and Lenz’s Law 13.4 Conductors’ Motion in Time-Independent Fields 13.5 Conductors’ Motion in Time-Dependent Fields 13.6 Displacement Current 13.7 Ratio of Jcto JD 13.8 Maxwell’s Equations for Time-Varying Fields Chapter 14 Electromagnetic Waves 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Wave Equations 14.3 Solutions in Cartesian Coordinates 14.4 Plane Waves 14.5 Solutions for Partially Conducting Media 14.6 Solutions for Perfect Dielectrics 14.7 Solutions for Good Conductors; Skin Depth 14.8 Interface Conditions at Normal Incidence 14.9 Oblique Incidence and Snell’s Laws 14.10 Perpendicular Polarization 14.11 Parallel Polarization 14.12 Standing Waves 14.13 Power and the Poynting Vector Chapter 15 Transmission Lines 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Distributed Parameters 15.3 Incremental Models 15.4 Transmission Line Equation 15.5 Impedance, Admittance, and Other Features of Interest 15.6 Sinusoidal Steady-State Excitation 15.7 Lossless Lines 15.8 The Smith Chart 15.9 Admittance Plane 15.10 Quarter-Wave Transformer 15.11 Impedance Matching 15.12 Single-Stub Matching 15.13 Double-Stub Matching 15.14 Impedance Measurement 15.15 Transients in Lossless Lines Chapter 16 Waveguides 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Transverse and Axial Fields 16.3 TE and TM Modes; Wave Impedances 16.4 Determination of the Axial Fields 16.5 Mode Cutoff Frequencies 16.6 Dominant Mode 16.7 Power Transmitted in a Lossless Waveguide 16.8 Power Dissipation in a Lossy Waveguide Chapter 17 Antennas 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Current Source and the E and H Fields 17.3 Electric (Hertzian) Dipole Antenna 17.4 Antenna Parameters 17.5 Small Circular-Loop Antenna 17.6 Finite-Length Dipole 17.7 Monopole Antenna 17.8 Self- and Mutual Impedances 17.9 The Receiving Antenna 17.10 Linear Arrays 17.11 Reflectors Chapter 18 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in the Atmosphere 18.1 Introduction and Summary 18.2 Plane Waves in Homogeneous Media 18.3 Propagation Parameters 18.4 Complex Dielectric Constant 18.5 Power Equation 18.6 Refraction 18.7 Reflection, Diffraction, and Scattering 18.8 The Atmosphere 18.9 Atmospheric Effects on Propagation of Radio Waves 18.10 Attenuation by Gaseous Absorption 18.11 Attenuation by Hydrometeors 18.12 Ground and Sky Waves 18.13 Models of the Troposphere 18.14 Tropospheric Refractivity 18.15 Tropospheric Excess Delay 18.16 Bending Effect of Tropospheric Refraction 18.17 Conductivity, Permittivity, and Refraction Index of the Ionosphere 18.18 Satellite Microwave Ranging 18.19 Ionospheric Range Error 18.20 Tropospheric Range Error Appendix Index Advertisement