Julien I.E. Hoffman, M.D., B.SC. HONS., F.R.C.PProfessor of Pediatrics (Emeritus)Senior Member, Cardiovascular Research InstituteDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of California at San FranciscoSan Francisco, CAUSA

"Information presented here will guide cardiologists and cardiac surgeons in making decisions about the treatment of cardiac malformations." (Book News, December 2009)

• Foreword viiPreface ixPart 1 Introduction1 Practical and Theoretical Considerations 32 Associated Noncardiac Problems 18Part 2 Surgical Procedures3 Aortopulmonary Shunts 254 Banding the Pulmonary Artery 335 Valves and Conduits 376 “Single Ventricle” Repairs 577 Transplantation 71Part 3 Left-to-Right ShuntsSection A Aortic Origin8 Patent Ductus Arteriosus 799 Anomalous Origin of One Pulmonary Artery from the Aorta (Hemitruncus) 9310 Aortopulmonary Window 9711 Systemic Arteriovenous Fistula 10312 Coronary Arterial Fistula 11113 Congenital Aneurysms of the Sinus of Valsalva 121Section B Ventricular or Atrial Origin14 Atrial Septal Defect (Secundum) 13315 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection with an Intact Atrial Septum 15716 Scimitar Syndrome 16117 Ostium Primum Defect 16718 Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect 17519 Isolated Ventricular Septal Defect 18320 Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries 206Part 4 Obstructive LesionsSection C Right Ventricular Outflow Tract21 Pulmonary Stenosis 22322 Double-Chambered Right Ventricle 23423 Stenosis of the Main and Branch Pulmonary Arteries 237  Section D Left Ventricular Outflow Tract and Aorta24 Valvar Aortic Stenosis 24525 Bicuspid Aortic Valve without Stenosis 26426 Supravalvar Aortic Stenosis 27727 Discrete Subvalvar Aortic Stenosis 28228 Coarctation of the Aorta 29129 Interrupted Aortic Arch 318Section E Left Ventricular Inflow Tract30 Cor Triatriatum Sinister 32931 Congenital Atresia or Stenosis of Pulmonary Veins 33532 Congenital Mitral Valve Obstruction 341Section F Regurgitant Lesions33 Aortic Valve Regurgitation 35334 Aortoventricular Tunnel 35635 Mitral Valve Regurgitation 35936 Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation 36437 Idiopathic Pulmonary Regurgitation 368Part 5 Miscellaneous Aortic Root Lesions38 Anomalous Origin of a Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery 37339 Abnormal Origins of the Coronary Arteries from the Aortic Root 38440 Vascular Rings and Slings 401Part 6 Right-to-Left Shunts41 Tetralogy of Fallot 41342 Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Atresia 43743 Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve 44644 Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries 45145 Tricuspid Atresia 48646 Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum 49447 Ebstein Anomaly 50748 Truncus Arteriosus 51949 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome 53150 Single (Double-Inlet) Ventricle 54651 Double-Outlet Right or Left Ventricle 55652 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection 56653 Heterotaxy Syndromes 57954 Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula 58755 Eisenmenger Syndrome 595Index 605

Julien I.E. Hoffman, M.D., B.SC. HONS., F.R.C.PProfessor of Pediatrics (Emeritus)Senior Member, Cardiovascular Research InstituteDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of California at San FranciscoSan Francisco, CAUSA

"Information presented here will guide cardiologists and cardiac surgeons in making decisions about the treatment of cardiac malformations." (Book News, December 2009)

• Foreword viiPreface ixPart 1 Introduction1 Practical and Theoretical Considerations 32 Associated Noncardiac Problems 18Part 2 Surgical Procedures3 Aortopulmonary Shunts 254 Banding the Pulmonary Artery 335 Valves and Conduits 376 “Single Ventricle” Repairs 577 Transplantation 71Part 3 Left-to-Right ShuntsSection A Aortic Origin8 Patent Ductus Arteriosus 799 Anomalous Origin of One Pulmonary Artery from the Aorta (Hemitruncus) 9310 Aortopulmonary Window 9711 Systemic Arteriovenous Fistula 10312 Coronary Arterial Fistula 11113 Congenital Aneurysms of the Sinus of Valsalva 121Section B Ventricular or Atrial Origin14 Atrial Septal Defect (Secundum) 13315 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection with an Intact Atrial Septum 15716 Scimitar Syndrome 16117 Ostium Primum Defect 16718 Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect 17519 Isolated Ventricular Septal Defect 18320 Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries 206Part 4 Obstructive LesionsSection C Right Ventricular Outflow Tract21 Pulmonary Stenosis 22322 Double-Chambered Right Ventricle 23423 Stenosis of the Main and Branch Pulmonary Arteries 237  Section D Left Ventricular Outflow Tract and Aorta24 Valvar Aortic Stenosis 24525 Bicuspid Aortic Valve without Stenosis 26426 Supravalvar Aortic Stenosis 27727 Discrete Subvalvar Aortic Stenosis 28228 Coarctation of the Aorta 29129 Interrupted Aortic Arch 318Section E Left Ventricular Inflow Tract30 Cor Triatriatum Sinister 32931 Congenital Atresia or Stenosis of Pulmonary Veins 33532 Congenital Mitral Valve Obstruction 341Section F Regurgitant Lesions33 Aortic Valve Regurgitation 35334 Aortoventricular Tunnel 35635 Mitral Valve Regurgitation 35936 Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation 36437 Idiopathic Pulmonary Regurgitation 368Part 5 Miscellaneous Aortic Root Lesions38 Anomalous Origin of a Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery 37339 Abnormal Origins of the Coronary Arteries from the Aortic Root 38440 Vascular Rings and Slings 401Part 6 Right-to-Left Shunts41 Tetralogy of Fallot 41342 Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Atresia 43743 Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve 44644 Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries 45145 Tricuspid Atresia 48646 Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum 49447 Ebstein Anomaly 50748 Truncus Arteriosus 51949 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome 53150 Single (Double-Inlet) Ventricle 54651 Double-Outlet Right or Left Ventricle 55652 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection 56653 Heterotaxy Syndromes 57954 Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula 58755 Eisenmenger Syndrome 595Index 605

Julien I.E. Hoffman, M.D., B.SC. HONS., F.R.C.PProfessor of Pediatrics (Emeritus)Senior Member, Cardiovascular Research InstituteDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of California at San FranciscoSan Francisco, CAUSA

"Information presented here will guide cardiologists and cardiac surgeons in making decisions about the treatment of cardiac malformations." (Book News, December 2009)

• Foreword viiPreface ixPart 1 Introduction1 Practical and Theoretical Considerations 32 Associated Noncardiac Problems 18Part 2 Surgical Procedures3 Aortopulmonary Shunts 254 Banding the Pulmonary Artery 335 Valves and Conduits 376 “Single Ventricle” Repairs 577 Transplantation 71Part 3 Left-to-Right ShuntsSection A Aortic Origin8 Patent Ductus Arteriosus 799 Anomalous Origin of One Pulmonary Artery from the Aorta (Hemitruncus) 9310 Aortopulmonary Window 9711 Systemic Arteriovenous Fistula 10312 Coronary Arterial Fistula 11113 Congenital Aneurysms of the Sinus of Valsalva 121Section B Ventricular or Atrial Origin14 Atrial Septal Defect (Secundum) 13315 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection with an Intact Atrial Septum 15716 Scimitar Syndrome 16117 Ostium Primum Defect 16718 Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect 17519 Isolated Ventricular Septal Defect 18320 Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries 206Part 4 Obstructive LesionsSection C Right Ventricular Outflow Tract21 Pulmonary Stenosis 22322 Double-Chambered Right Ventricle 23423 Stenosis of the Main and Branch Pulmonary Arteries 237  Section D Left Ventricular Outflow Tract and Aorta24 Valvar Aortic Stenosis 24525 Bicuspid Aortic Valve without Stenosis 26426 Supravalvar Aortic Stenosis 27727 Discrete Subvalvar Aortic Stenosis 28228 Coarctation of the Aorta 29129 Interrupted Aortic Arch 318Section E Left Ventricular Inflow Tract30 Cor Triatriatum Sinister 32931 Congenital Atresia or Stenosis of Pulmonary Veins 33532 Congenital Mitral Valve Obstruction 341Section F Regurgitant Lesions33 Aortic Valve Regurgitation 35334 Aortoventricular Tunnel 35635 Mitral Valve Regurgitation 35936 Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation 36437 Idiopathic Pulmonary Regurgitation 368Part 5 Miscellaneous Aortic Root Lesions38 Anomalous Origin of a Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery 37339 Abnormal Origins of the Coronary Arteries from the Aortic Root 38440 Vascular Rings and Slings 401Part 6 Right-to-Left Shunts41 Tetralogy of Fallot 41342 Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Atresia 43743 Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve 44644 Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries 45145 Tricuspid Atresia 48646 Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum 49447 Ebstein Anomaly 50748 Truncus Arteriosus 51949 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome 53150 Single (Double-Inlet) Ventricle 54651 Double-Outlet Right or Left Ventricle 55652 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection 56653 Heterotaxy Syndromes 57954 Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula 58755 Eisenmenger Syndrome 595Index 605