Dimitri Uzunidis is a Professor of Political Economy and the Honorary President of the Research Network on Innovation in France. He has directed and edited several journals and collections on the study of innovation. As a specialist in change, he provides expertise for various international organizations. Fedoua Kasmi, Doctor of Economics, is currently a researcher at the University of Lorraine and a member of the Research Network on Innovation in France. Her research focuses on the analysis of the territorial innovation trajectories and the determinants of the emergence of innovative eco-milieus. Laurent Adatto is a Doctor of Economics and Management of Technology and Innovation at CNAM and a researcher and editorial manager of the Research Network on Innovation in France. His research interests include organizations� open source and open innovation strategies, standardization processes and the future of the software and ICT sectors.

• Introduction xviiDimitri UZUNIDIS and Fedoua KASMIChapter 1. Meaning – The Meaning of Innovation: Theoretical and Practical Perspectives 1Joëlle FOREST1.1. Introduction 11.2. Conceptions of the meaning of innovation over time 31.3. When innovation, like the phoenix, rises from the ashes 51.4. In search of lost meaning 81.5. The PSI approach: a philosophy of, and for, action 111.6. By way of conclusion 151.7. References 15Chapter 2. Engineering – Innovation Engineering: A Holistic and Operational Approach to the Innovation Process 19Laure MOREL and Mauricio CAMARGO2.1. Introduction 192.2. Innovation engineering: a field of research that has struggled to structure itself in France 212.3. Practical guide to innovation engineering 322.3.1. First bias: there are no good or bad innovative ideas! 332.3.2. Second bias: any innovation process requires contextualization of the situation 342.3.3. Third bias: there is no innovative project management without collaboration 352.3.4. Fourth bias: a universal innovation process does not exist! 352.3.5. Fifth bias: the importance of materializing and evaluating ideas as early as possible by including users in the process 362.4. Conclusion 372.5. Acknowledgments 382.6. References 39Chapter 3. Absorption – Technological Absorptive Capacity and Innovation: The Primacy of Knowledge 43Sonia BEN SLIMANE3.1. Introduction 433.2. Technological absorptive capacity: a cognitive process 433.3. The multidimensional nature of absorption capacity and innovation 453.4. Measuring absorptive capacity 463.5. Conclusion 473.6. References 48Chapter 4. Big Data – Artificial Intelligence and Innovation: The Big Data Issue 51Laurent DUPONT4.1. Introduction 514.2. Humans and data: diversity and consensus 524.3. Big Data: an interdisciplinary approach to technology and its uses 544.4. A wide range of applications: promises and fears 554.5. Conclusion 564.6. References 57Chapter 5. Blockchain – Blockchain and Co-creation within Management Methods 59Eric SEULLIET5.1. Introduction 595.2. The interest of Blockchain in the field of immaterial exchanges 605.3. The limits of the co-creation process 615.4. Blockchain in mobilizing and organizing co-creation processes 625.5. The promises of Blockchain 635.5.1. Intellectual property renewal 635.5.2. “Empowerment” of individuals 635.5.3. Scaling up 645.5.4. Collective intelligence 645.5.5. New forms of organization and social impact 645.5.6. Necessary developments 645.6. Conclusion 655.7. References 66Chapter 6. Bricolage – From Improvisation to Innovation: The Key Role of “Bricolage” 67Paul BOUVIER-PATRON6.1. Introduction 676.2. Bricolage: new concept, old practice 676.3. Current application of the bricolage concept 686.4. Bricolage and improvisation 696.5. Bricolage and frugal innovation 706.6. Conclusion 726.7. References 73Chapter 7. Circularity – The Circular Economy as an Innovative Process 75Sonia VEYSSIÈRE7.1. Introduction 757.2. The circular economy: a transformative concept 767.3. The circular economy as a source of innovation 777.4. Conclusion 817.5. References 82Chapter 8. Co-creation – Co-creation and Innovation: Strategic Issues for the Company 85Paul BOUVIER-PATRON8.1. Introduction 858.2. Co-creation: a strategic challenge for companies 868.3. Co-creation, DIY and DIWO 878.4. Co-creation, creativity and innovation 888.5. Co-creation and intellectual property rights 898.6. Co-creation and eco-design 908.7. Conclusion 908.8. References 91Chapter 9. Community – Innovative Communities of Practice: What are the Conditions for Implementation and Innovation? 93Diane-Gabrielle TREMBLAY9.1. Introduction: communities of practice and innovation 939.2. Communities of practices, a definition: group cohesion, complicity and dynamism 949.3. Work teams and virtual communities 959.4. Organizational learning 979.5. Animation role 979.6. Conclusion 989.7. References 99Chapter 10. Craftsman – The Innovative Craftsman: A Historically Permanent Socio-economic Function 101Sophie BOUTILLIER and Claude FOURNIER10.1. Introduction 10110.2. The craftsman, an ignored innovator 10210.3. The innovative craftsman of the 21st century 10310.4. Conclusion 10610.5. References 106Chapter 11. Defense – Military Innovation: Networks and Dual-use Technological Development 109Pierre BARBAROUX11.1. Introduction 10911.2. Military innovation: main attributes 11011.2.1. Military innovation as a knowledge-intensive and dual process 11011.2.2. Military innovation as a technology-driven process 11111.2.3. Military innovation as a demand-oriented process 11211.3. Conclusion 11311.4. References 114Chapter 12. Design Thinking – Design Thinking and Strategic Management of Innovation 115Bérangère L. SZOSTAK12.1. Introduction 11512.2. The origins of design thinking 11612.3. Design thinking in innovation management 11712.4. Conclusion 11912.5. References 119Chapter 13. Digital – Digital Entrepreneurship as Innovative Entrepreneurship 121Birgit LEICK and Mehtap ALDOGAN EKLUND13.1. Introduction 12113.2. Definition and characteristics of digital entrepreneurship 12213.3. Digital entrepreneurship in the field of innovation studies 12413.4. Conclusion 12613.5. References 126Chapter 14. Entrepreneurship – Social Innovative Entrepreneurship: An Integrated Multi-level Model 129Susanne GRETZINGER14.1. Introduction 12914.2. State-of-the-art: contemporary issues, approaches and levels of analysis 13014.3. Integrated multi-level model of innovative social entrepreneurship 13214.4. Conclusion 13314.5. References 134Chapter 15. Fintech – Technology in Finance: Strategic Risks and Challenges 137Arvind ASHTA15.1. Introduction 13715.2. Evolution of technology in finance 13815.3. Risks of fintech 14115.4. Concluding remarks 14215.5. References 142Chapter 16. Gerontech – Geront’innovations and the Silver Economy 145Blandine LAPERCHE16.1. Introduction 14516.2. The Silver Economy: a new area for innovation 14616.3. “Gerontechnologies”: the technological dimension of innovations in the Silver Economy 14716.4. Towards “geront’innovation” 14816.5. Conclusion 15116.6. References 151Chapter 17. Greentech – Contributions and Limitations to the Environmental Transition 153Smaïl AÏT-EL-HADJ17.1. Introduction 15317.2. Green technologies, the first technological response to the environmental crisis 15317.2.1. New energies 15317.2.2. Information technologies and green technologies 15417.2.3. Biology as a preferred carrier of green technologies 15417.2.4. Nanotechnologies: cross-technology dimension of green technologies 15517.2.5. New services and organizations: recycling, industrial ecology, the economy of functionality 15517.3. From green technologies to a sustainable technological and socio-economic system 15617.3.1. Green technologies are a one-off and partial response to the environmental challenge 15617.3.2. The shifting of boundaries and environmental problems 15617.3.3. The global environmental limit implies responding with a global reconfiguration of the technological system 15717.3.4. The global environmental limit implies a societal reconfiguration beyond technology 15717.3.5. The current criticality of the environmental threat implies a massive and rapid transition 15817.4. References 158Chapter 18. Hacker – Hackerspace as a Space for Creative Exploration 161Dave MOBHE BOKOKO18.1. Introduction 16118.2. The rise of hacker culture 16218.3. Cybercrime or creative exploration? 16318.4. Conclusion 16518.5. References 165Chapter 19. Health – Telemedicine: Decentralized Medical Innovation 167Patricia BAUDIER19.1. Introduction 16719.2. Information technology at the service of medical care 16719.3. High-performance medical devices 16819.4. Conclusion 16919.5. References 170Chapter 20. Intellectual Corpus – Inventive Intellectual Corpus: Knowledge-based Innovation 173Pierre SAULAIS20.1. Introduction 17320.2. Concept of knowledge-based innovation 17420.3. Modeling knowledge creation 17620.4. Activation of the chaotic inspiration model of knowledge evolution by emergence using the ICAROS® method 17820.5. Conclusion 18020.6. References 180Chapter 21. Imagination – Imagination, Science Fiction, Creativity and Innovation: An Integrated Process 181Thomas MICHAUD21.1. Introduction 18121.2. Tame the imagination in order to innovate 18221.3. Imagination: from creativity to innovation 18321.4. Conclusion 18521.5. References 185Chapter 22. Marketing – Marketing of Innovation and University–Industry Collaboration 187Cheikh Abdou Lahad THIAW22.1. Introduction 18722.2. Innovation marketing and inter-organizational collaboration 18822.3. The cross-functionality of innovation marketing 19022.4. Conclusion 19222.5. References 192Chapter 23. Milieu – Innovative Milieu: The Strength of Proximity Ties 195Fedoua KASMI23.1. Introduction 19523.2. Definition and characteristics of an innovative milieu 19623.3. Proximity and territorialized innovation networks 19823.4. Conclusion 19923.5. References 200Chapter 24. Nanotech – Nanotechnologies: The Future of Innovations 201Jean-Louis MONINO24.1. Introduction 20124.2. Nanotechnology applications 20324.3. RFID chips 20324.4. Global potential risks 20424.5. Conclusion and outlook 20524.6. References 20724.7. Webography 207Chapter 25. Novelty – Novelty and Innovation: The Nodal Place of Creativity 209Laure MOREL25.1. Introduction 20925.2. Innovation and novelty 21025.3. Creativity as a prerequisite for innovation 21325.4. Conclusion 21425.5. References 214Chapter 26. Open – Open Source and Open Data: Filiation, Analogies and Common Dynamics 217Laurent ADATTO26.1. Introduction 21726.2. Open source and open data: guiding concepts 21826.3. Open source: process innovation and legal innovation via copyleft 21826.4. Open data: dynamics of open innovation 2.0 in line with open source 22026.5. Conclusion 22226.6. References 222Chapter 27. Personality – The Deviant Personality of the Innovative Actor 225Dimitri UZUNIDIS27.1. Introduction 22527.2. The actor, the system and the question of the complementarity of roles 22627.3. The deviant personality of the innovator 22827.4. Conclusion 23027.5. References 230Chapter 28. Real Estate – Business Real Estate and Innovation: A New Profession for New Spaces 233Frédéric GOUPIL DE BOUILLÉ28.1. Introduction 23328.2. The prevalence of the financial referent, reasoning and industrialist practices 23428.3. Weakness of the human resources paradigm applied to real estate 23528.4. Employees empowered by change management 23528.5. Powerful, but inconsistent with regard to use, real estate marketing 23628.6. The real estate market versus the innovative company 23728.7. Conclusion 23828.8. References 239Chapter 29. Skills – Innovation and Entrepreneurial Skills 241Giovanni ZAZZERINI29.1. Introduction 24129.2. Innovation skills 24229.3. Entrepreneurial competencies 24229.4. Ideas and opportunities 24329.5. Resources 24429.6. Into action 24429.7. References 246Chapter 30. Small Business – Small Business and Innovation: Specificities and Institutional Context 247Son Thi Kim LE30.1. Introduction 24730.2. The relation between small business and innovation 24830.2.1. What is small business? 24830.2.2. Small business and innovation 24930.3. The specificity of small business innovation 25030.3.1. Innovation efforts: external knowledge source rather than in-house R&D 25030.3.2. Adopting and adapting external knowledge resources 25030.4. Government support for small business innovation 25230.5. Conclusion 25330.6. References 254Chapter 31. Spin-off – Research Spin-off: How the University Fosters Innovative Entrepreneurship 255Elisa SALVADOR31.1. Introduction 25531.2. An overview of the development of research spin-offs 25631.3. Main perspectives and taxonomies of research spin-offs 25831.4. Fragility and future avenues for improvement 25931.5. Conclusion 26131.6. References 261Chapter 32. Start-up – Start-ups, Venture Capital (SVC) and the Financial Cycle of the SVC System 263Angelo BONOMI32.1. Introduction 26332.2. Start-ups 26432.3. Venture capital 26532.4. The SVC system cycle 26632.5. Conclusion 26732.6. References 268Chapter 33. Territory – Territorial Dynamics and Innovative Services 269Michelle MONGO33.1. Introduction 26933.2. Innovation in services: what are we talking about? 27033.2.1. What does it mean to innovate in services? 27033.2.2. Which service for innovation analysis? 27133.3. Geography of innovation in knowledge-intensive business services and territorial impact 27233.3.1. Stylized facts about the geography of knowledge-intensive business services 27233.3.2. The contribution of knowledge-intensive business services to territorial innovation dynamics 27333.4. Public innovation policy: historical actions and future prospects 27333.5. Conclusion 27433.6. References 275Chapter 34. Well-being – Subjective Well-being and Innovation 277Francis MUNIER34.1. Introduction 27734.2. Creative destruction impacts subjective well-being 27834.3. A questionable relationship 27934.4. Innovation-care: theoretical approach and applications 28034.5. Conclusion 28134.6. References 282List of Authors 283Index 287Summary of Volume 1 293

Dimitri Uzunidis is a Professor of Political Economy and the Honorary President of the Research Network on Innovation in France. He has directed and edited several journals and collections on the study of innovation. As a specialist in change, he provides expertise for various international organizations. Fedoua Kasmi, Doctor of Economics, is currently a researcher at the University of Lorraine and a member of the Research Network on Innovation in France. Her research focuses on the analysis of the territorial innovation trajectories and the determinants of the emergence of innovative eco-milieus. Laurent Adatto is a Doctor of Economics and Management of Technology and Innovation at CNAM and a researcher and editorial manager of the Research Network on Innovation in France. His research interests include organizations� open source and open innovation strategies, standardization processes and the future of the software and ICT sectors.

• Introduction xviiDimitri UZUNIDIS and Fedoua KASMIChapter 1. Meaning – The Meaning of Innovation: Theoretical and Practical Perspectives 1Joëlle FOREST1.1. Introduction 11.2. Conceptions of the meaning of innovation over time 31.3. When innovation, like the phoenix, rises from the ashes 51.4. In search of lost meaning 81.5. The PSI approach: a philosophy of, and for, action 111.6. By way of conclusion 151.7. References 15Chapter 2. Engineering – Innovation Engineering: A Holistic and Operational Approach to the Innovation Process 19Laure MOREL and Mauricio CAMARGO2.1. Introduction 192.2. Innovation engineering: a field of research that has struggled to structure itself in France 212.3. Practical guide to innovation engineering 322.3.1. First bias: there are no good or bad innovative ideas! 332.3.2. Second bias: any innovation process requires contextualization of the situation 342.3.3. Third bias: there is no innovative project management without collaboration 352.3.4. Fourth bias: a universal innovation process does not exist! 352.3.5. Fifth bias: the importance of materializing and evaluating ideas as early as possible by including users in the process 362.4. Conclusion 372.5. Acknowledgments 382.6. References 39Chapter 3. Absorption – Technological Absorptive Capacity and Innovation: The Primacy of Knowledge 43Sonia BEN SLIMANE3.1. Introduction 433.2. Technological absorptive capacity: a cognitive process 433.3. The multidimensional nature of absorption capacity and innovation 453.4. Measuring absorptive capacity 463.5. Conclusion 473.6. References 48Chapter 4. Big Data – Artificial Intelligence and Innovation: The Big Data Issue 51Laurent DUPONT4.1. Introduction 514.2. Humans and data: diversity and consensus 524.3. Big Data: an interdisciplinary approach to technology and its uses 544.4. A wide range of applications: promises and fears 554.5. Conclusion 564.6. References 57Chapter 5. Blockchain – Blockchain and Co-creation within Management Methods 59Eric SEULLIET5.1. Introduction 595.2. The interest of Blockchain in the field of immaterial exchanges 605.3. The limits of the co-creation process 615.4. Blockchain in mobilizing and organizing co-creation processes 625.5. The promises of Blockchain 635.5.1. Intellectual property renewal 635.5.2. “Empowerment” of individuals 635.5.3. Scaling up 645.5.4. Collective intelligence 645.5.5. New forms of organization and social impact 645.5.6. Necessary developments 645.6. Conclusion 655.7. References 66Chapter 6. Bricolage – From Improvisation to Innovation: The Key Role of “Bricolage” 67Paul BOUVIER-PATRON6.1. Introduction 676.2. Bricolage: new concept, old practice 676.3. Current application of the bricolage concept 686.4. Bricolage and improvisation 696.5. Bricolage and frugal innovation 706.6. Conclusion 726.7. References 73Chapter 7. Circularity – The Circular Economy as an Innovative Process 75Sonia VEYSSIÈRE7.1. Introduction 757.2. The circular economy: a transformative concept 767.3. The circular economy as a source of innovation 777.4. Conclusion 817.5. References 82Chapter 8. Co-creation – Co-creation and Innovation: Strategic Issues for the Company 85Paul BOUVIER-PATRON8.1. Introduction 858.2. Co-creation: a strategic challenge for companies 868.3. Co-creation, DIY and DIWO 878.4. Co-creation, creativity and innovation 888.5. Co-creation and intellectual property rights 898.6. Co-creation and eco-design 908.7. Conclusion 908.8. References 91Chapter 9. Community – Innovative Communities of Practice: What are the Conditions for Implementation and Innovation? 93Diane-Gabrielle TREMBLAY9.1. Introduction: communities of practice and innovation 939.2. Communities of practices, a definition: group cohesion, complicity and dynamism 949.3. Work teams and virtual communities 959.4. Organizational learning 979.5. Animation role 979.6. Conclusion 989.7. References 99Chapter 10. Craftsman – The Innovative Craftsman: A Historically Permanent Socio-economic Function 101Sophie BOUTILLIER and Claude FOURNIER10.1. Introduction 10110.2. The craftsman, an ignored innovator 10210.3. The innovative craftsman of the 21st century 10310.4. Conclusion 10610.5. References 106Chapter 11. Defense – Military Innovation: Networks and Dual-use Technological Development 109Pierre BARBAROUX11.1. Introduction 10911.2. Military innovation: main attributes 11011.2.1. Military innovation as a knowledge-intensive and dual process 11011.2.2. Military innovation as a technology-driven process 11111.2.3. Military innovation as a demand-oriented process 11211.3. Conclusion 11311.4. References 114Chapter 12. Design Thinking – Design Thinking and Strategic Management of Innovation 115Bérangère L. SZOSTAK12.1. Introduction 11512.2. The origins of design thinking 11612.3. Design thinking in innovation management 11712.4. Conclusion 11912.5. References 119Chapter 13. Digital – Digital Entrepreneurship as Innovative Entrepreneurship 121Birgit LEICK and Mehtap ALDOGAN EKLUND13.1. Introduction 12113.2. Definition and characteristics of digital entrepreneurship 12213.3. Digital entrepreneurship in the field of innovation studies 12413.4. Conclusion 12613.5. References 126Chapter 14. Entrepreneurship – Social Innovative Entrepreneurship: An Integrated Multi-level Model 129Susanne GRETZINGER14.1. Introduction 12914.2. State-of-the-art: contemporary issues, approaches and levels of analysis 13014.3. Integrated multi-level model of innovative social entrepreneurship 13214.4. Conclusion 13314.5. References 134Chapter 15. Fintech – Technology in Finance: Strategic Risks and Challenges 137Arvind ASHTA15.1. Introduction 13715.2. Evolution of technology in finance 13815.3. Risks of fintech 14115.4. Concluding remarks 14215.5. References 142Chapter 16. Gerontech – Geront’innovations and the Silver Economy 145Blandine LAPERCHE16.1. Introduction 14516.2. The Silver Economy: a new area for innovation 14616.3. “Gerontechnologies”: the technological dimension of innovations in the Silver Economy 14716.4. Towards “geront’innovation” 14816.5. Conclusion 15116.6. References 151Chapter 17. Greentech – Contributions and Limitations to the Environmental Transition 153Smaïl AÏT-EL-HADJ17.1. Introduction 15317.2. Green technologies, the first technological response to the environmental crisis 15317.2.1. New energies 15317.2.2. Information technologies and green technologies 15417.2.3. Biology as a preferred carrier of green technologies 15417.2.4. Nanotechnologies: cross-technology dimension of green technologies 15517.2.5. New services and organizations: recycling, industrial ecology, the economy of functionality 15517.3. From green technologies to a sustainable technological and socio-economic system 15617.3.1. Green technologies are a one-off and partial response to the environmental challenge 15617.3.2. The shifting of boundaries and environmental problems 15617.3.3. The global environmental limit implies responding with a global reconfiguration of the technological system 15717.3.4. The global environmental limit implies a societal reconfiguration beyond technology 15717.3.5. The current criticality of the environmental threat implies a massive and rapid transition 15817.4. References 158Chapter 18. Hacker – Hackerspace as a Space for Creative Exploration 161Dave MOBHE BOKOKO18.1. Introduction 16118.2. The rise of hacker culture 16218.3. Cybercrime or creative exploration? 16318.4. Conclusion 16518.5. References 165Chapter 19. Health – Telemedicine: Decentralized Medical Innovation 167Patricia BAUDIER19.1. Introduction 16719.2. Information technology at the service of medical care 16719.3. High-performance medical devices 16819.4. Conclusion 16919.5. References 170Chapter 20. Intellectual Corpus – Inventive Intellectual Corpus: Knowledge-based Innovation 173Pierre SAULAIS20.1. Introduction 17320.2. Concept of knowledge-based innovation 17420.3. Modeling knowledge creation 17620.4. Activation of the chaotic inspiration model of knowledge evolution by emergence using the ICAROS® method 17820.5. Conclusion 18020.6. References 180Chapter 21. Imagination – Imagination, Science Fiction, Creativity and Innovation: An Integrated Process 181Thomas MICHAUD21.1. Introduction 18121.2. Tame the imagination in order to innovate 18221.3. Imagination: from creativity to innovation 18321.4. Conclusion 18521.5. References 185Chapter 22. Marketing – Marketing of Innovation and University–Industry Collaboration 187Cheikh Abdou Lahad THIAW22.1. Introduction 18722.2. Innovation marketing and inter-organizational collaboration 18822.3. The cross-functionality of innovation marketing 19022.4. Conclusion 19222.5. References 192Chapter 23. Milieu – Innovative Milieu: The Strength of Proximity Ties 195Fedoua KASMI23.1. Introduction 19523.2. Definition and characteristics of an innovative milieu 19623.3. Proximity and territorialized innovation networks 19823.4. Conclusion 19923.5. References 200Chapter 24. Nanotech – Nanotechnologies: The Future of Innovations 201Jean-Louis MONINO24.1. Introduction 20124.2. Nanotechnology applications 20324.3. RFID chips 20324.4. Global potential risks 20424.5. Conclusion and outlook 20524.6. References 20724.7. Webography 207Chapter 25. Novelty – Novelty and Innovation: The Nodal Place of Creativity 209Laure MOREL25.1. Introduction 20925.2. Innovation and novelty 21025.3. Creativity as a prerequisite for innovation 21325.4. Conclusion 21425.5. References 214Chapter 26. Open – Open Source and Open Data: Filiation, Analogies and Common Dynamics 217Laurent ADATTO26.1. Introduction 21726.2. Open source and open data: guiding concepts 21826.3. Open source: process innovation and legal innovation via copyleft 21826.4. Open data: dynamics of open innovation 2.0 in line with open source 22026.5. Conclusion 22226.6. References 222Chapter 27. Personality – The Deviant Personality of the Innovative Actor 225Dimitri UZUNIDIS27.1. Introduction 22527.2. The actor, the system and the question of the complementarity of roles 22627.3. The deviant personality of the innovator 22827.4. Conclusion 23027.5. References 230Chapter 28. Real Estate – Business Real Estate and Innovation: A New Profession for New Spaces 233Frédéric GOUPIL DE BOUILLÉ28.1. Introduction 23328.2. The prevalence of the financial referent, reasoning and industrialist practices 23428.3. Weakness of the human resources paradigm applied to real estate 23528.4. Employees empowered by change management 23528.5. Powerful, but inconsistent with regard to use, real estate marketing 23628.6. The real estate market versus the innovative company 23728.7. Conclusion 23828.8. References 239Chapter 29. Skills – Innovation and Entrepreneurial Skills 241Giovanni ZAZZERINI29.1. Introduction 24129.2. Innovation skills 24229.3. Entrepreneurial competencies 24229.4. Ideas and opportunities 24329.5. Resources 24429.6. Into action 24429.7. References 246Chapter 30. Small Business – Small Business and Innovation: Specificities and Institutional Context 247Son Thi Kim LE30.1. Introduction 24730.2. The relation between small business and innovation 24830.2.1. What is small business? 24830.2.2. Small business and innovation 24930.3. The specificity of small business innovation 25030.3.1. Innovation efforts: external knowledge source rather than in-house R&D 25030.3.2. Adopting and adapting external knowledge resources 25030.4. Government support for small business innovation 25230.5. Conclusion 25330.6. References 254Chapter 31. Spin-off – Research Spin-off: How the University Fosters Innovative Entrepreneurship 255Elisa SALVADOR31.1. Introduction 25531.2. An overview of the development of research spin-offs 25631.3. Main perspectives and taxonomies of research spin-offs 25831.4. Fragility and future avenues for improvement 25931.5. Conclusion 26131.6. References 261Chapter 32. Start-up – Start-ups, Venture Capital (SVC) and the Financial Cycle of the SVC System 263Angelo BONOMI32.1. Introduction 26332.2. Start-ups 26432.3. Venture capital 26532.4. The SVC system cycle 26632.5. Conclusion 26732.6. References 268Chapter 33. Territory – Territorial Dynamics and Innovative Services 269Michelle MONGO33.1. Introduction 26933.2. Innovation in services: what are we talking about? 27033.2.1. What does it mean to innovate in services? 27033.2.2. Which service for innovation analysis? 27133.3. Geography of innovation in knowledge-intensive business services and territorial impact 27233.3.1. Stylized facts about the geography of knowledge-intensive business services 27233.3.2. The contribution of knowledge-intensive business services to territorial innovation dynamics 27333.4. Public innovation policy: historical actions and future prospects 27333.5. Conclusion 27433.6. References 275Chapter 34. Well-being – Subjective Well-being and Innovation 277Francis MUNIER34.1. Introduction 27734.2. Creative destruction impacts subjective well-being 27834.3. A questionable relationship 27934.4. Innovation-care: theoretical approach and applications 28034.5. Conclusion 28134.6. References 282List of Authors 283Index 287Summary of Volume 1 293

Dimitri Uzunidis is a Professor of Political Economy and the Honorary President of the Research Network on Innovation in France. He has directed and edited several journals and collections on the study of innovation. As a specialist in change, he provides expertise for various international organizations. Fedoua Kasmi, Doctor of Economics, is currently a researcher at the University of Lorraine and a member of the Research Network on Innovation in France. Her research focuses on the analysis of the territorial innovation trajectories and the determinants of the emergence of innovative eco-milieus. Laurent Adatto is a Doctor of Economics and Management of Technology and Innovation at CNAM and a researcher and editorial manager of the Research Network on Innovation in France. His research interests include organizations� open source and open innovation strategies, standardization processes and the future of the software and ICT sectors.

• Introduction xviiDimitri UZUNIDIS and Fedoua KASMIChapter 1. Meaning – The Meaning of Innovation: Theoretical and Practical Perspectives 1Joëlle FOREST1.1. Introduction 11.2. Conceptions of the meaning of innovation over time 31.3. When innovation, like the phoenix, rises from the ashes 51.4. In search of lost meaning 81.5. The PSI approach: a philosophy of, and for, action 111.6. By way of conclusion 151.7. References 15Chapter 2. Engineering – Innovation Engineering: A Holistic and Operational Approach to the Innovation Process 19Laure MOREL and Mauricio CAMARGO2.1. Introduction 192.2. Innovation engineering: a field of research that has struggled to structure itself in France 212.3. Practical guide to innovation engineering 322.3.1. First bias: there are no good or bad innovative ideas! 332.3.2. Second bias: any innovation process requires contextualization of the situation 342.3.3. Third bias: there is no innovative project management without collaboration 352.3.4. Fourth bias: a universal innovation process does not exist! 352.3.5. Fifth bias: the importance of materializing and evaluating ideas as early as possible by including users in the process 362.4. Conclusion 372.5. Acknowledgments 382.6. References 39Chapter 3. Absorption – Technological Absorptive Capacity and Innovation: The Primacy of Knowledge 43Sonia BEN SLIMANE3.1. Introduction 433.2. Technological absorptive capacity: a cognitive process 433.3. The multidimensional nature of absorption capacity and innovation 453.4. Measuring absorptive capacity 463.5. Conclusion 473.6. References 48Chapter 4. Big Data – Artificial Intelligence and Innovation: The Big Data Issue 51Laurent DUPONT4.1. Introduction 514.2. Humans and data: diversity and consensus 524.3. Big Data: an interdisciplinary approach to technology and its uses 544.4. A wide range of applications: promises and fears 554.5. Conclusion 564.6. References 57Chapter 5. Blockchain – Blockchain and Co-creation within Management Methods 59Eric SEULLIET5.1. Introduction 595.2. The interest of Blockchain in the field of immaterial exchanges 605.3. The limits of the co-creation process 615.4. Blockchain in mobilizing and organizing co-creation processes 625.5. The promises of Blockchain 635.5.1. Intellectual property renewal 635.5.2. “Empowerment” of individuals 635.5.3. Scaling up 645.5.4. Collective intelligence 645.5.5. New forms of organization and social impact 645.5.6. Necessary developments 645.6. Conclusion 655.7. References 66Chapter 6. Bricolage – From Improvisation to Innovation: The Key Role of “Bricolage” 67Paul BOUVIER-PATRON6.1. Introduction 676.2. Bricolage: new concept, old practice 676.3. Current application of the bricolage concept 686.4. Bricolage and improvisation 696.5. Bricolage and frugal innovation 706.6. Conclusion 726.7. References 73Chapter 7. Circularity – The Circular Economy as an Innovative Process 75Sonia VEYSSIÈRE7.1. Introduction 757.2. The circular economy: a transformative concept 767.3. The circular economy as a source of innovation 777.4. Conclusion 817.5. References 82Chapter 8. Co-creation – Co-creation and Innovation: Strategic Issues for the Company 85Paul BOUVIER-PATRON8.1. Introduction 858.2. Co-creation: a strategic challenge for companies 868.3. Co-creation, DIY and DIWO 878.4. Co-creation, creativity and innovation 888.5. Co-creation and intellectual property rights 898.6. Co-creation and eco-design 908.7. Conclusion 908.8. References 91Chapter 9. Community – Innovative Communities of Practice: What are the Conditions for Implementation and Innovation? 93Diane-Gabrielle TREMBLAY9.1. Introduction: communities of practice and innovation 939.2. Communities of practices, a definition: group cohesion, complicity and dynamism 949.3. Work teams and virtual communities 959.4. Organizational learning 979.5. Animation role 979.6. Conclusion 989.7. References 99Chapter 10. Craftsman – The Innovative Craftsman: A Historically Permanent Socio-economic Function 101Sophie BOUTILLIER and Claude FOURNIER10.1. Introduction 10110.2. The craftsman, an ignored innovator 10210.3. The innovative craftsman of the 21st century 10310.4. Conclusion 10610.5. References 106Chapter 11. Defense – Military Innovation: Networks and Dual-use Technological Development 109Pierre BARBAROUX11.1. Introduction 10911.2. Military innovation: main attributes 11011.2.1. Military innovation as a knowledge-intensive and dual process 11011.2.2. Military innovation as a technology-driven process 11111.2.3. Military innovation as a demand-oriented process 11211.3. Conclusion 11311.4. References 114Chapter 12. Design Thinking – Design Thinking and Strategic Management of Innovation 115Bérangère L. SZOSTAK12.1. Introduction 11512.2. The origins of design thinking 11612.3. Design thinking in innovation management 11712.4. Conclusion 11912.5. References 119Chapter 13. Digital – Digital Entrepreneurship as Innovative Entrepreneurship 121Birgit LEICK and Mehtap ALDOGAN EKLUND13.1. Introduction 12113.2. Definition and characteristics of digital entrepreneurship 12213.3. Digital entrepreneurship in the field of innovation studies 12413.4. Conclusion 12613.5. References 126Chapter 14. Entrepreneurship – Social Innovative Entrepreneurship: An Integrated Multi-level Model 129Susanne GRETZINGER14.1. Introduction 12914.2. State-of-the-art: contemporary issues, approaches and levels of analysis 13014.3. Integrated multi-level model of innovative social entrepreneurship 13214.4. Conclusion 13314.5. References 134Chapter 15. Fintech – Technology in Finance: Strategic Risks and Challenges 137Arvind ASHTA15.1. Introduction 13715.2. Evolution of technology in finance 13815.3. Risks of fintech 14115.4. Concluding remarks 14215.5. References 142Chapter 16. Gerontech – Geront’innovations and the Silver Economy 145Blandine LAPERCHE16.1. Introduction 14516.2. The Silver Economy: a new area for innovation 14616.3. “Gerontechnologies”: the technological dimension of innovations in the Silver Economy 14716.4. Towards “geront’innovation” 14816.5. Conclusion 15116.6. References 151Chapter 17. Greentech – Contributions and Limitations to the Environmental Transition 153Smaïl AÏT-EL-HADJ17.1. Introduction 15317.2. Green technologies, the first technological response to the environmental crisis 15317.2.1. New energies 15317.2.2. Information technologies and green technologies 15417.2.3. Biology as a preferred carrier of green technologies 15417.2.4. Nanotechnologies: cross-technology dimension of green technologies 15517.2.5. New services and organizations: recycling, industrial ecology, the economy of functionality 15517.3. From green technologies to a sustainable technological and socio-economic system 15617.3.1. Green technologies are a one-off and partial response to the environmental challenge 15617.3.2. The shifting of boundaries and environmental problems 15617.3.3. The global environmental limit implies responding with a global reconfiguration of the technological system 15717.3.4. The global environmental limit implies a societal reconfiguration beyond technology 15717.3.5. The current criticality of the environmental threat implies a massive and rapid transition 15817.4. References 158Chapter 18. Hacker – Hackerspace as a Space for Creative Exploration 161Dave MOBHE BOKOKO18.1. Introduction 16118.2. The rise of hacker culture 16218.3. Cybercrime or creative exploration? 16318.4. Conclusion 16518.5. References 165Chapter 19. Health – Telemedicine: Decentralized Medical Innovation 167Patricia BAUDIER19.1. Introduction 16719.2. Information technology at the service of medical care 16719.3. High-performance medical devices 16819.4. Conclusion 16919.5. References 170Chapter 20. Intellectual Corpus – Inventive Intellectual Corpus: Knowledge-based Innovation 173Pierre SAULAIS20.1. Introduction 17320.2. Concept of knowledge-based innovation 17420.3. Modeling knowledge creation 17620.4. Activation of the chaotic inspiration model of knowledge evolution by emergence using the ICAROS® method 17820.5. Conclusion 18020.6. References 180Chapter 21. Imagination – Imagination, Science Fiction, Creativity and Innovation: An Integrated Process 181Thomas MICHAUD21.1. Introduction 18121.2. Tame the imagination in order to innovate 18221.3. Imagination: from creativity to innovation 18321.4. Conclusion 18521.5. References 185Chapter 22. Marketing – Marketing of Innovation and University–Industry Collaboration 187Cheikh Abdou Lahad THIAW22.1. Introduction 18722.2. Innovation marketing and inter-organizational collaboration 18822.3. The cross-functionality of innovation marketing 19022.4. Conclusion 19222.5. References 192Chapter 23. Milieu – Innovative Milieu: The Strength of Proximity Ties 195Fedoua KASMI23.1. Introduction 19523.2. Definition and characteristics of an innovative milieu 19623.3. Proximity and territorialized innovation networks 19823.4. Conclusion 19923.5. References 200Chapter 24. Nanotech – Nanotechnologies: The Future of Innovations 201Jean-Louis MONINO24.1. Introduction 20124.2. Nanotechnology applications 20324.3. RFID chips 20324.4. Global potential risks 20424.5. Conclusion and outlook 20524.6. References 20724.7. Webography 207Chapter 25. Novelty – Novelty and Innovation: The Nodal Place of Creativity 209Laure MOREL25.1. Introduction 20925.2. Innovation and novelty 21025.3. Creativity as a prerequisite for innovation 21325.4. Conclusion 21425.5. References 214Chapter 26. Open – Open Source and Open Data: Filiation, Analogies and Common Dynamics 217Laurent ADATTO26.1. Introduction 21726.2. Open source and open data: guiding concepts 21826.3. Open source: process innovation and legal innovation via copyleft 21826.4. Open data: dynamics of open innovation 2.0 in line with open source 22026.5. Conclusion 22226.6. References 222Chapter 27. Personality – The Deviant Personality of the Innovative Actor 225Dimitri UZUNIDIS27.1. Introduction 22527.2. The actor, the system and the question of the complementarity of roles 22627.3. The deviant personality of the innovator 22827.4. Conclusion 23027.5. References 230Chapter 28. Real Estate – Business Real Estate and Innovation: A New Profession for New Spaces 233Frédéric GOUPIL DE BOUILLÉ28.1. Introduction 23328.2. The prevalence of the financial referent, reasoning and industrialist practices 23428.3. Weakness of the human resources paradigm applied to real estate 23528.4. Employees empowered by change management 23528.5. Powerful, but inconsistent with regard to use, real estate marketing 23628.6. The real estate market versus the innovative company 23728.7. Conclusion 23828.8. References 239Chapter 29. Skills – Innovation and Entrepreneurial Skills 241Giovanni ZAZZERINI29.1. Introduction 24129.2. Innovation skills 24229.3. Entrepreneurial competencies 24229.4. Ideas and opportunities 24329.5. Resources 24429.6. Into action 24429.7. References 246Chapter 30. Small Business – Small Business and Innovation: Specificities and Institutional Context 247Son Thi Kim LE30.1. Introduction 24730.2. The relation between small business and innovation 24830.2.1. What is small business? 24830.2.2. Small business and innovation 24930.3. The specificity of small business innovation 25030.3.1. Innovation efforts: external knowledge source rather than in-house R&D 25030.3.2. Adopting and adapting external knowledge resources 25030.4. Government support for small business innovation 25230.5. Conclusion 25330.6. References 254Chapter 31. Spin-off – Research Spin-off: How the University Fosters Innovative Entrepreneurship 255Elisa SALVADOR31.1. Introduction 25531.2. An overview of the development of research spin-offs 25631.3. Main perspectives and taxonomies of research spin-offs 25831.4. Fragility and future avenues for improvement 25931.5. Conclusion 26131.6. References 261Chapter 32. Start-up – Start-ups, Venture Capital (SVC) and the Financial Cycle of the SVC System 263Angelo BONOMI32.1. Introduction 26332.2. Start-ups 26432.3. Venture capital 26532.4. The SVC system cycle 26632.5. Conclusion 26732.6. References 268Chapter 33. Territory – Territorial Dynamics and Innovative Services 269Michelle MONGO33.1. Introduction 26933.2. Innovation in services: what are we talking about? 27033.2.1. What does it mean to innovate in services? 27033.2.2. Which service for innovation analysis? 27133.3. Geography of innovation in knowledge-intensive business services and territorial impact 27233.3.1. Stylized facts about the geography of knowledge-intensive business services 27233.3.2. The contribution of knowledge-intensive business services to territorial innovation dynamics 27333.4. Public innovation policy: historical actions and future prospects 27333.5. Conclusion 27433.6. References 275Chapter 34. Well-being – Subjective Well-being and Innovation 277Francis MUNIER34.1. Introduction 27734.2. Creative destruction impacts subjective well-being 27834.3. A questionable relationship 27934.4. Innovation-care: theoretical approach and applications 28034.5. Conclusion 28134.6. References 282List of Authors 283Index 287Summary of Volume 1 293