Covid-19 Crisis

Bruno Salgues is a research director in the innovation department of the Institut Mines-Telecom, France, and a specialist in information and communication technologies. He is currently involved in the development of the Health Engineering Center at the Ecole des Mines de Saint-Étienne, France.Jacques Barnouin is a designer of multidisciplinary programs and methodological tools and was formerly director of research at INRAE, France. His research mainly focuses on multifactorial epidemiology.

• Introduction xiJacques BARNOUIN and Bruno SALGUESChapter 1 Deciphering the Covid-19 Epidemic and Analysis of Its Controllability 1Jacques BARNOUIN1.1 Facts and lessons learned from the emergence of Covid-19 in France 11.1.1 SARS-CoV-2 and emerging risks 11.1.2 The emergence of the emergence 31.1.3 Oise cluster 71.1.4 The Haut-Rhin and the Grand Est mega-cluster 151.2 Characteristics of an outbreak control system that could potentially control Covid-19 251.2.1 Detection of the atypical and the bizarre 251.2.2 Three levels of pre-positioning 281.2.3 Computer tools for anticipation and analysis 301.3 Health rules and scientific lines of thought and action 361.4 Geographical distribution of Covid-19 cases and differences in population susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection 381.4.1 Analyzing the geography of the epidemic to better understand it 381.4.2 Covid-19 in the world 391.4.3 Possible explanations for differences in population susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 441.5 Conclusion: challenging, preparing, uniting 451.5.1 A manageable crisis 451.5.2 A crisis without a written end 471.5.3 A crisis alien to our societal software 481.6 References 50Chapter 2 The Story of a Pandemic Foretold: Focus on the Covid-19 Vaccine 61Jean-Pierre GIRARDEAU2.1 2002, the first warning 612.2 2012, a second warning 622.3 2019, the pandemic 642.4 SARS-CoV-2: far from unknown 652.5 Vaccine design possible as early as 2010 662.6 Lack of a vaccine: a collective responsibility 692.7 SARS-CoV vaccinology: a pathway for rapid development of Covid-19 vaccines 712.8 Finalized and planned vaccines 732.9 Conclusion: viral aggressor and human disruptor 752.10 References 76Chapter 3 Remote Working after Lockdown 81Emmanuel MIGNOT3.1 Elements in the development of remote working 813.2 Findings following lockdown 843.3 Foreseeable developments 863.3.1 Fragile nature of the concept of enterprise 863.3.2 Development of mixed statuses (self-employed employees) 863.3.3 Generalized multi-employment 873.3.4 Development of globalized employment platforms 873.4 Obstacles to the widespread development of remote working 883.5 References 92Chapter 4 The Digital Revolution and Religious Fact in the Context of Lockdowns Linked to the Coronavirus 93Éric FOGARASSY and François DEMONGEOT4.1 Introduction 934.2 The lockdown concept 944.3 Religions and religious facts 954.4 The confinement concept and religious practices 964.5 Religions in the face of great historical epidemics 974.6 Impact of the digital revolution on religions and their practices 974.7 Main digital tools used during the Covid-19 pandemic 1004.8 Adapting religious practices during lockdown for the coronavirus crisis 1014.8.1 Christian worship 1024.8.2 Jewish worship 1034.8.3 Muslim worship 1034.9 Digital revolution and religious practices: the future 1064.10 References 107Chapter 5 Old and New Rituals Throughout the Covid-19 Pandemic 109Bruno SALGUES5.1 The ritual notion 1105.1.1 Religious and secular rituals 1105.1.2 Function of ritual recognition 1125.2 Decline of traditional rituals 1125.2.1 Causes of decline 1125.2.2 Contradictory manifestations of the decline of rituals 1145.3 Old rituals substituted by new ritual phenomena 1155.3.1 In social life 1155.3.2 Rituals as an expression of a current of thought 1165.4 Poorly understood rituals 1175.4.1 Unknowingly engaging in rituals 1175.4.2 Dealing with the new place of rituals 1175.4.3 Protective role of the State 1175.5 Performative rituals 1185.5.1 Rituals and order 1185.5.2 Rituals of protection 1185.5.3 Rituals of inversion 1195.5.4 Fighting the ritual with disorder 1205.5.5 Rituals of opposition 1205.5.6 Integrated rituals 1215.6 Death and culture 1225.6.1 Forms of interrogation 1225.6.2 Halloween: the manipulated birth of a ritual 1225.6.3 Conjuring death 1245.7 Example of the handshake 1255.8 Political rituals 1265.9 Conclusion 1265.10 References 127Chapter 6 The New Innovators in the Footsteps of the Coronavirus 131Henri SAMIER, Emmanuel CHÉNÉ and Guy CAVEROT6.1 Introduction 1316.2 Pre-Covid innovators 1316.2.1 Generations of innovation 1326.3 Types of innovators 1336.3.1 The explorer 1336.3.2 The rebel (disobedience and disorder) 1346.3.3 Corporate hacking 1356.4 In-Covid innovators (2020–2021) 1356.4.1 The birth of innovations in times of crisis 1356.4.2 Examples of innovations arising in times of crisis 1366.4.3 Motivations of innovators 1386.5 Post-Covid innovators 1436.5.1 Sense and common sense 1436.5.2 Collective and remote working tools 1446.5.3 Balance of activity–nature–assessment 1456.5.4 Innovations for humans 1456.5.5 Organizational innovations 1456.5.6 Technical innovations 1466.6 Conclusion 1466.7 References 147Chapter 7 Behavior and Anticipation of the Covid-19 Crisis 151Christian SCHOEN7.1 Preamble 1517.2 Anticipation, uncertainty and acceptability 1517.3 More questions 1527.4 From information to communication and education 1537.5 Markers of anticipation 1547.6 Xth wave 1567.7 Conclusion: much remains to be done in the study of behavior related to health crises 1567.8 References 157Chapter 8 Humans, Digital Technology and the SARS-CoV-2 Health Crisis 159Judith NICOGOSSIAN8.1 Introduction 1598.2 Physical and digital communication in a crisis situation 1628.3 A little reminder about communication 1638.3.1 Use case: the Covid-19 health crisis 1648.3.2 Worrying? 1658.4 Living and the organization of life 1678.5 Different value systems in conflict 1678.5.1 Reason and emotion (between individual and person) 1678.5.2 Governance by affect 1708.5.3 Laughter 1708.5.4 Fear 1718.6 French communication on the virus 1738.6.1 Myth of war 1748.6.2 Sensemaking 1768.6.3 Importance of rituals 1778.7 Healing (medicine) and caring (attention) 1788.8 People and the Internet: from physical to digital 1798.8.1 Infobesity 1798.8.2 Digimal 1808.8.3 Digital obscurantism 1818.9 Phygital techniques 1838.10 Conclusion 1848.11 References 185Chapter 9 Will the Covid-19 Pandemic be an Opportunity to Implement the Principle of Sustainable Development? 191Jean-Paul BOIS-MARGNAC9.1 Introduction 1919.2 Economic liberalism: a now dominant ideology 1929.3 An effective pragmatics encouraged by argued academic theses 1939.4 A deceptive “decline” 1959.5 Suffering from the predations of the deregulated economic order 1959.6 How the post-Covid-19 era could bring about change 1969.7 Principles of sustainable development, foundations of a new social contract 1979.8 Beyond the citizen and the citizen-consumer, a new political figure 1999.9 Towards a new morality 1999.10 Conclusion: uncertainty and unpredictability 2019.11 References 202Chapter 10 The Pandemic Has Invited Itself into a World in the Midst of a Crisis of Meaning 203Philippe TRONC10.1 Foreword 20310.2 Giving meaning 20510.3 Crisis in personal behavior 20710.4 Crisis of business models 20810.5 Crisis of our social models 20810.6 The health crisis as seen from France 21010.7 Conclusion 21810.8 References 218Conclusion 221Bruno SALGUESList of Authors 225Index 227