Philip Boyes is a research associate at the Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge. As part of the CREWS Project, he works on the social context of writing at Late Bronze Age Ugarit. He has previously worked on the archaeology of the East Mediterranean and Levant in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages. Philippa M. Steele is the Director of the CREWS Project, a Senior Research Associate at the Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge, and a Senior Research Fellow of Magdalene College. She has previously been awarded a British Academy Postdoctoral Fellowship and the Evans Pritchard Lectureship at All Souls College, Oxford, followed by a European Research Council grant to run the CREWS Project, and has published widely on ancient languages and writing systems with a particular focus on Cyprus and the Aegean. Natalia Elvira Astoreca developed her PhD thesis as a member of the CREWS Project. Before coming to the University of Cambridge, she studied at Leiden University and the Autonomous University of Madrid. Her research is focused on the interactions between language and script, especially in the case of early alphabetic writing in the Aegean and Mediterranean seas.

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• List of contributors Acknowledgements Abbreviations 1. Introduction: writing practices in socio-cultural context Philip J. Boyes, Philippa M. Steele and Natalia Elvira Astoreca  2. Towards a social archaeology of writing practicesPhilip J. Boyes3. The lives of inscribed commemorative objects: the transformation of private personal memory in Mesopotamian temple contexts Nancy Highcock  4. A cognitive archaeology of writing: concepts, models, goals Karenleigh A. Overmann  5. The materiality of the Cretan Hieroglyphic script: textile production-related referents to hieroglyphic signs on seals and sealings from Middle Bronze Age Crete Marie-Louise Nosch and Agata Ulanowska   6. Visual dimensions of Maya hieroglyphic writing: meanings beyond the surface Christian M. Prager  7. Visibility of runic writing and its relation to Viking Age Society Sophie Heier  8. Words beyond writings: how to decrypt the secret writings of the masters of psalmody (Yunnan, China)? Aurélie NévotContents9. A script ‘good to drink’. The invention of writing systems among the Sora and other tribes of India Cécile Guillaume-Pey 10. Why did people in medieval Java use so many different script variants? A.J. West11. Cultures of writing: rethinking the ‘spread’ and ‘development’ of writing systems in the Bronze Age Mediterranean Theodore Nash12. Script, image and culture in the Maya world: a southeastern perspective Kathryn M. Hudson and John S. Henderson13. Writing and elite status in the Bronze Age Aegean Sarah Finlayson 14. Why με? Personhood and agency in the earliest Greek inscriptions (800–550 BCE) James Whitley15.  Names and authorship in the beginnings of Greek alphabetic writing Natalia Elvira Astoreca16. Marking identity through graphemes? A new look at the Sikel arrow-shaped alpha Olga Tribulato and Valentina MignosaBibliography

Philip Boyes is a research associate at the Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge. As part of the CREWS Project, he works on the social context of writing at Late Bronze Age Ugarit. He has previously worked on the archaeology of the East Mediterranean and Levant in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages. Philippa M. Steele is the Director of the CREWS Project, a Senior Research Associate at the Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge, and a Senior Research Fellow of Magdalene College. She has previously been awarded a British Academy Postdoctoral Fellowship and the Evans Pritchard Lectureship at All Souls College, Oxford, followed by a European Research Council grant to run the CREWS Project, and has published widely on ancient languages and writing systems with a particular focus on Cyprus and the Aegean. Natalia Elvira Astoreca developed her PhD thesis as a member of the CREWS Project. Before coming to the University of Cambridge, she studied at Leiden University and the Autonomous University of Madrid. Her research is focused on the interactions between language and script, especially in the case of early alphabetic writing in the Aegean and Mediterranean seas.

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• List of contributors Acknowledgements Abbreviations 1. Introduction: writing practices in socio-cultural context Philip J. Boyes, Philippa M. Steele and Natalia Elvira Astoreca  2. Towards a social archaeology of writing practicesPhilip J. Boyes3. The lives of inscribed commemorative objects: the transformation of private personal memory in Mesopotamian temple contexts Nancy Highcock  4. A cognitive archaeology of writing: concepts, models, goals Karenleigh A. Overmann  5. The materiality of the Cretan Hieroglyphic script: textile production-related referents to hieroglyphic signs on seals and sealings from Middle Bronze Age Crete Marie-Louise Nosch and Agata Ulanowska   6. Visual dimensions of Maya hieroglyphic writing: meanings beyond the surface Christian M. Prager  7. Visibility of runic writing and its relation to Viking Age Society Sophie Heier  8. Words beyond writings: how to decrypt the secret writings of the masters of psalmody (Yunnan, China)? Aurélie NévotContents9. A script ‘good to drink’. The invention of writing systems among the Sora and other tribes of India Cécile Guillaume-Pey 10. Why did people in medieval Java use so many different script variants? A.J. West11. Cultures of writing: rethinking the ‘spread’ and ‘development’ of writing systems in the Bronze Age Mediterranean Theodore Nash12. Script, image and culture in the Maya world: a southeastern perspective Kathryn M. Hudson and John S. Henderson13. Writing and elite status in the Bronze Age Aegean Sarah Finlayson 14. Why με? Personhood and agency in the earliest Greek inscriptions (800–550 BCE) James Whitley15.  Names and authorship in the beginnings of Greek alphabetic writing Natalia Elvira Astoreca16. Marking identity through graphemes? A new look at the Sikel arrow-shaped alpha Olga Tribulato and Valentina MignosaBibliography