Yoann Denèle is a structural geologist, specializing in the tectonic evolution of the ductile domains of orogens.Julien Berger is a petrologist, specializing in the magmatic and metamorphic evolution of ancient orogenic belts and magmatic arcs.

• Preface ixYoann DENÈLE and Julien BERGERIntroduction xiYoann DENÈLE and Julien BERGERList of Figures xxiiiChapter 1 High-Temperature Metamorphism and Syn- to Late-Orogenic Magmatism 1Arnaud VILLAROS, Oscar LAURENT, Simon COUZINIE and Jean-François MOYEN1.1 Introduction 11.2 High-temperature/low- to medium-pressure metamorphism and partial melting of the Variscan crust 51.2.1 Evolution of high-temperature metamorphism 51.2.2 Petrology of high-temperature metamorphism 71.3 Late-orogenic magmatism 131.3.1 Two mica peraluminous leucogranites (MPG) 131.3.2 Biotite and cordierite peraluminous granites (CPG) 141.3.3 K-rich calc-alkaline granitoids (KCG) – durbachites, vaugnerites 161.3.4 Synchronous orogenic volcanism of HT metamorphism 171.3.5 Overview 181.4 Causes and geodynamic implications of crustal melting 191.4.1 Synchronous crustal melting episode of the Variscan collision 191.4.2 Melting associated with orogenic extension 191.4.3 High-temperature melting and the formation of domes 201.4.4 Synthesis of HT metamorphic evolution 221.4.5 Outlook 231.5 References 24Chapter 2 Late-Orogenic Structural Reorganization of the Variscan Belt during the Upper Carboniferous 35Yoann DENÈLE and Bryan COCHELIN2.1 Introduction 352.2 Major structures of the Variscan belt of Western Europe 382.3 Ibero-Armorican Arc 432.3.1 Formation of a major orocline in the upper Carboniferous 432.3.2 Structure and evolution of the Armorican domain 462.3.3 The Armorican shear zones 492.3.4 A simple shear model in a horizontal plane at the scale of the Central Armorican domain 532.4 Late orogenic deformation in the internal domain 562.4.1 South Armorican domain: thinning and longitudinal stretching of a previously thickened domain 562.4.2 The Carboniferous syn-tectonic plutons of the French Massif Central: interaction between strike–slip shear zone and longitudinal extension 652.4.3 The Velay dome and the Pilat detachment: transverse extension in the hinterland 742.5 Late-orogenic deformation in the southern foreland domain 772.5.1 The Montagne Noire migmatite-cored gneiss dome 772.5.2 The Variscan segment of the Pyrenees 852.6 Summary and discussion on the restructuring of the Variscan belt in the Carboniferous 932.7 Conclusion 992.8 References 99Chapter 3 Sedimentary Basins and Evolution of Reliefs Associated with the Variscan Cycle in France and Adjacent Countries 121Markus ARETZ, Élise NARDIN, Frédéric CHRISTOPHOUL, Julien DENAYER3.1 Introduction 1213.2 Foreland basins along the Southern Laurussian Margin 1223.2.1 The Ardenne and the Boulonnais 1233.2.2 Rhenish Massif 1383.3 Basins in the Inner Variscan zone 1463.3.1 Armorican Massif Basins 1473.3.2 Northern Vosges 1523.4 Regions of the Gondwanan Margin and Foreland Basin 1523.4.1 Middle Vosges and Southern Vosges 1533.4.2 Morvan 1543.4.3 Montagne Noire: reference for the Peri-Gondwanan Foreland Basin 1543.4.4 The Pyrenees 1623.5 Post-orogenic stage: Stephanian-Permian basins 1693.5.1 Stratigraphy 1713.5.2 Geodynamic and structural context 1723.5.3 General sedimentological trends in Stephanian-Permian basins 1773.6 Conclusion 1793.7 References 181Conclusion 203Yoann DENÈLE and Julien BERGERList of Authors 215Index 217Summary of Volume 1 219

Yoann Denèle is a structural geologist, specializing in the tectonic evolution of the ductile domains of orogens.Julien Berger is a petrologist, specializing in the magmatic and metamorphic evolution of ancient orogenic belts and magmatic arcs.

• Preface ixYoann DENÈLE and Julien BERGERIntroduction xiYoann DENÈLE and Julien BERGERList of Figures xxiiiChapter 1 High-Temperature Metamorphism and Syn- to Late-Orogenic Magmatism 1Arnaud VILLAROS, Oscar LAURENT, Simon COUZINIE and Jean-François MOYEN1.1 Introduction 11.2 High-temperature/low- to medium-pressure metamorphism and partial melting of the Variscan crust 51.2.1 Evolution of high-temperature metamorphism 51.2.2 Petrology of high-temperature metamorphism 71.3 Late-orogenic magmatism 131.3.1 Two mica peraluminous leucogranites (MPG) 131.3.2 Biotite and cordierite peraluminous granites (CPG) 141.3.3 K-rich calc-alkaline granitoids (KCG) – durbachites, vaugnerites 161.3.4 Synchronous orogenic volcanism of HT metamorphism 171.3.5 Overview 181.4 Causes and geodynamic implications of crustal melting 191.4.1 Synchronous crustal melting episode of the Variscan collision 191.4.2 Melting associated with orogenic extension 191.4.3 High-temperature melting and the formation of domes 201.4.4 Synthesis of HT metamorphic evolution 221.4.5 Outlook 231.5 References 24Chapter 2 Late-Orogenic Structural Reorganization of the Variscan Belt during the Upper Carboniferous 35Yoann DENÈLE and Bryan COCHELIN2.1 Introduction 352.2 Major structures of the Variscan belt of Western Europe 382.3 Ibero-Armorican Arc 432.3.1 Formation of a major orocline in the upper Carboniferous 432.3.2 Structure and evolution of the Armorican domain 462.3.3 The Armorican shear zones 492.3.4 A simple shear model in a horizontal plane at the scale of the Central Armorican domain 532.4 Late orogenic deformation in the internal domain 562.4.1 South Armorican domain: thinning and longitudinal stretching of a previously thickened domain 562.4.2 The Carboniferous syn-tectonic plutons of the French Massif Central: interaction between strike–slip shear zone and longitudinal extension 652.4.3 The Velay dome and the Pilat detachment: transverse extension in the hinterland 742.5 Late-orogenic deformation in the southern foreland domain 772.5.1 The Montagne Noire migmatite-cored gneiss dome 772.5.2 The Variscan segment of the Pyrenees 852.6 Summary and discussion on the restructuring of the Variscan belt in the Carboniferous 932.7 Conclusion 992.8 References 99Chapter 3 Sedimentary Basins and Evolution of Reliefs Associated with the Variscan Cycle in France and Adjacent Countries 121Markus ARETZ, Élise NARDIN, Frédéric CHRISTOPHOUL, Julien DENAYER3.1 Introduction 1213.2 Foreland basins along the Southern Laurussian Margin 1223.2.1 The Ardenne and the Boulonnais 1233.2.2 Rhenish Massif 1383.3 Basins in the Inner Variscan zone 1463.3.1 Armorican Massif Basins 1473.3.2 Northern Vosges 1523.4 Regions of the Gondwanan Margin and Foreland Basin 1523.4.1 Middle Vosges and Southern Vosges 1533.4.2 Morvan 1543.4.3 Montagne Noire: reference for the Peri-Gondwanan Foreland Basin 1543.4.4 The Pyrenees 1623.5 Post-orogenic stage: Stephanian-Permian basins 1693.5.1 Stratigraphy 1713.5.2 Geodynamic and structural context 1723.5.3 General sedimentological trends in Stephanian-Permian basins 1773.6 Conclusion 1793.7 References 181Conclusion 203Yoann DENÈLE and Julien BERGERList of Authors 215Index 217Summary of Volume 1 219

Yoann Denèle is a structural geologist, specializing in the tectonic evolution of the ductile domains of orogens.Julien Berger is a petrologist, specializing in the magmatic and metamorphic evolution of ancient orogenic belts and magmatic arcs.

• Preface ixYoann DENÈLE and Julien BERGERIntroduction xiYoann DENÈLE and Julien BERGERList of Figures xxiiiChapter 1 High-Temperature Metamorphism and Syn- to Late-Orogenic Magmatism 1Arnaud VILLAROS, Oscar LAURENT, Simon COUZINIE and Jean-François MOYEN1.1 Introduction 11.2 High-temperature/low- to medium-pressure metamorphism and partial melting of the Variscan crust 51.2.1 Evolution of high-temperature metamorphism 51.2.2 Petrology of high-temperature metamorphism 71.3 Late-orogenic magmatism 131.3.1 Two mica peraluminous leucogranites (MPG) 131.3.2 Biotite and cordierite peraluminous granites (CPG) 141.3.3 K-rich calc-alkaline granitoids (KCG) – durbachites, vaugnerites 161.3.4 Synchronous orogenic volcanism of HT metamorphism 171.3.5 Overview 181.4 Causes and geodynamic implications of crustal melting 191.4.1 Synchronous crustal melting episode of the Variscan collision 191.4.2 Melting associated with orogenic extension 191.4.3 High-temperature melting and the formation of domes 201.4.4 Synthesis of HT metamorphic evolution 221.4.5 Outlook 231.5 References 24Chapter 2 Late-Orogenic Structural Reorganization of the Variscan Belt during the Upper Carboniferous 35Yoann DENÈLE and Bryan COCHELIN2.1 Introduction 352.2 Major structures of the Variscan belt of Western Europe 382.3 Ibero-Armorican Arc 432.3.1 Formation of a major orocline in the upper Carboniferous 432.3.2 Structure and evolution of the Armorican domain 462.3.3 The Armorican shear zones 492.3.4 A simple shear model in a horizontal plane at the scale of the Central Armorican domain 532.4 Late orogenic deformation in the internal domain 562.4.1 South Armorican domain: thinning and longitudinal stretching of a previously thickened domain 562.4.2 The Carboniferous syn-tectonic plutons of the French Massif Central: interaction between strike–slip shear zone and longitudinal extension 652.4.3 The Velay dome and the Pilat detachment: transverse extension in the hinterland 742.5 Late-orogenic deformation in the southern foreland domain 772.5.1 The Montagne Noire migmatite-cored gneiss dome 772.5.2 The Variscan segment of the Pyrenees 852.6 Summary and discussion on the restructuring of the Variscan belt in the Carboniferous 932.7 Conclusion 992.8 References 99Chapter 3 Sedimentary Basins and Evolution of Reliefs Associated with the Variscan Cycle in France and Adjacent Countries 121Markus ARETZ, Élise NARDIN, Frédéric CHRISTOPHOUL, Julien DENAYER3.1 Introduction 1213.2 Foreland basins along the Southern Laurussian Margin 1223.2.1 The Ardenne and the Boulonnais 1233.2.2 Rhenish Massif 1383.3 Basins in the Inner Variscan zone 1463.3.1 Armorican Massif Basins 1473.3.2 Northern Vosges 1523.4 Regions of the Gondwanan Margin and Foreland Basin 1523.4.1 Middle Vosges and Southern Vosges 1533.4.2 Morvan 1543.4.3 Montagne Noire: reference for the Peri-Gondwanan Foreland Basin 1543.4.4 The Pyrenees 1623.5 Post-orogenic stage: Stephanian-Permian basins 1693.5.1 Stratigraphy 1713.5.2 Geodynamic and structural context 1723.5.3 General sedimentological trends in Stephanian-Permian basins 1773.6 Conclusion 1793.7 References 181Conclusion 203Yoann DENÈLE and Julien BERGERList of Authors 215Index 217Summary of Volume 1 219