David Nicolle PhD was born in 1944 and was educated at Highgate School. For eight years he worked in the BBC Arabic Service. In 1971 he went 'back to school', gaining an MA from the School of Oriental and African Studies and a PhD from Edinburgh University. For some years he taught art and architectural history at Yarmuk University, Jordan. David has written many Osprey titles, including Men-at-Arms 140 ‘Armies of the Ottoman Turks’, Men-at-Arms 320 ‘Armies of the Caliphates 862–1098’, and Campaign 43 ‘Fornovo 1495’.

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• IntroductionChronologyBackground to warWarring sidesThe fightingPortrait of a soldierThe world around warPortrait of a civilianHow the war endedConclusion and consequencesFurther reading