UMTS

Javier Sanchez obtained a PhD degree in the French Scientific Research Centre (CNRS) in the field of Array Signal Processing. He then acquired a solid experience in mobile communication systems from more than 8 years' experience in different mobile phone manufacturers including Philips, Alcatel and NEC. At LG Electronics Mobile Phone Division, Dr. Sanchez is currently senior manager and responsible for validating 2G/3G mobile terminals intended for the European market. Mamadou Thioune graduated from Ecole nationale supérieure des télécommunications (ENST) de Bretagne, in France. His previous experience includes serving as telecom consultant for SIVAN company, and as a software architect and UMTS standardisation expert for Alcatel Business Systems. He is at present Engineer at STMicroelectronics.

• Preface xiiiChapter 1. Evolution of Cellular Mobile Systems 11.1. Multiple-access techniques used in mobile telephony 21.1.1. Frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) 21.1.2. Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) 31.1.3. Time division multiple access (TDMA) 31.1.4. Code division multiple access (CDMA) 31.1.5. Space division multiple access (SDMA) 51.1.6. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) 61.2. Evolution from 1G to 2.5G 81.2.1. From 1G to 2G 81.2.2. Enhancements to 2G radio technologies: 2.5G 81.3. 3G systems in IMT-2000 framework 111.3.1. IMT-2000 radio interfaces 121.3.2. Core network approaches in 3G systems 181.4. Standardization process in 3G systems 191.5. Worldwide spectrum allocation for IMT-2000 systems 201.5.1. WARC-92 201.5.2. WARC-2000 22Chapter 2. Network Evolution from GSM to UMTS 252.1. Introduction 252.2. UMTS definition and history 252.3. Overall description of a UMTS network architecture 272.4. Network architecture evolution from GSM to UMTS 282.4.1. GSM network architecture of Phases 1 and 2 282.4.2. GSM network architecture of Phase 2+ 292.4.3. Architecture of UMTS networks: evolutionary revolution of GSM 312.5. Bearer services offered by UMTS networks 322.6. UMTS protocol architecture based on “stratum” concept 332.6.1. Access stratum 342.6.2. Non-access stratum 35Chapter 3. Services in UMTS 373.1. Introduction 373.2. UMTS mobile terminals 383.2.1. UE functional description 383.2.2. UE maximum output power 413.2.3. Dual-mode GSM/UMTS terminals 423.2.4. UE radio access capability 433.3. Services offered by UMTS networks 443.3.1. Standard UMTS telecommunication services 443.3.2. UMTS bearer services 453.3.3. Teleservices 493.3.4. Supplementary services 523.3.5. Operator specific services: service capabilities 543.3.6. The virtual home environment 553.4. Traffic classes of UMTS bearer services 563.4.1. Conversational services 573.4.2. Streaming services 573.4.3. Interactive services 573.4.4. Background services 583.5. Service continuity across GSM and UMTS networks 58Chapter 4. UMTS Core Network 614.1. Introduction 614.2. UMTS core network architecture 614.2.1. Main features of UMTS core network based on Release 99 624.2.2. Circuit-switched and packet-switched domains 634.3. Network elements and protocols of the CS and PS domains 654.3.1. Network elements of the CS domain 654.3.2. Protocol architecture in the CS domain 664.3.3. Network elements of the PS domain 714.3.4. Protocol architecture in the PS domain 724.3.5. Integrated UMTS core network 804.4. Network elements not included in UMTS reference architecture 814.5. Interoperability between UMTS and GSM core networks 82Chapter 5. Spread Spectrum and WCDMA 855.1. Introduction 855.2. Spread spectrum principles 855.2.1. Processing gain 875.2.2. Advantages of spread spectrum 875.3. Direct sequence CDMA 885.4. Multiple access based on spread spectrum 905.5. Maximum capacity of CDMA 915.5.1. Effect of background noise and interference 925.5.2. Antenna sectorization 935.5.3. Voice activity detection 935.6. Spreading code sequences 945.6.1. Orthogonal code sequences 955.6.2. Pseudo-noise code sequences: Gold codes 965.6.3. Spreading sequences used in UTRA 985.7. Principles of wideband code division multiple access 995.7.1. Effects of the propagation channel 1005.7.2. Techniques used in WCDMA for propagation impairment mitigation 102Chapter 6. UTRAN Access Network 1136.1. Introduction 1136.2. UTRAN architecture 1136.2.1. The radio network sub-system (RNS) 1156.2.2. Handling of the mobility in the UTRAN 1196.2.3. Summary of functions provided by the UTRAN 1206.3. General model of protocols used in UTRAN interfaces 1216.3.1. Horizontal layers 1226.3.2. Vertical planes 1226.3.3. Control plane of the transport network 1246.4. Use of ATM in the UTRAN network transport layer 1256.4.1. ATM cell format 1256.4.2. ATM and virtual connections 1266.4.3. ATM reference model 1276.5. Protocols in the Iu interface 1286.5.1. Protocol architecture in Iu-CS and Iu-PS interfaces 1286.5.2. RANAP 1326.6. Protocols in internal UTRAN interfaces 1346.6.1. Iur interface (RNC-RNC) 1346.6.2. Iub interface (RNC-Node B) 1376.7. Data exchange in the UTRAN: example of call establishment 1396.8. Summary of the UTRAN protocol stack 141Chapter 7. UTRA Radio Protocols 1457.1. Introduction 1457.2. Channel typology and description 1467.2.1. Logical channels 1477.2.2. Transport channels 1477.2.3. Physical channels 1517.3. Physical layer 1527.3.1. Physical layer functions 1537.3.2. Mapping of transport channels onto physical channels 1547.4. MAC 1567.4.1. Main functions of MAC 1577.4.2. Mapping of logical channels onto transport channels 1577.4.3. MAC PDU 1587.5. RLC 1607.5.1. Main functions of RLC 1617.5.2. RLC PDU 1627.5.3. RLC transmission and reception model 1657.6. PDCP 1667.7. BMC 1697.8. RRC 1707.8.1. Handling of the RRC connection 1707.8.2. Handling of RRC service states 1717.8.3. System information broadcast 1737.8.4. Handling of the paging 1757.8.5. Cell selection and reselection 1767.8.6. UTRAN mobility handling 1767.8.7. Radio bearer management 1797.8.8. Measurement control 1827.8.9. Ciphering and integrity 1837.8.10. Outer loop power control 1857.8.11. Protocol layers termination in the UTRAN 185Chapter 8. Call and Mobility Management 1878.1. Introduction 1878.2. PLMN selection 1888.2.1. Automatic PLMN selection mode 1908.2.2. Manual PLMN selection mode 1908.2.3. PLMN reselection 1918.2.4. Forbidden PLMNs 1918.3. Principle of mobility management in UMTS 1928.3.1. Location areas 1938.3.2. Service states in the core network and the UTRAN 1958.4. Network access control 1958.4.1. Allocation of temporary identities 1958.4.2. UE identification procedure 1968.4.3. Ciphering and integrity protection activation 1978.4.4. Authentication 1988.5. Network registration 2018.5.1. IMSI attach procedure 2018.5.2. GPRS attach procedure 2028.6. UE location updating procedures 2058.6.1. Location updating procedure 2058.6.2. Routing area updating procedure 2078.6.3. SRNS relocation 2098.6.4. Detach procedures 2158.7. Call establishment 2158.7.1. Circuit call 2158.7.2. Packet call 2178.8. Intersystem change and handover between GSM and UMTS networks 2208.8.1. Intersystem handover from UMTS to GSM during a CS connection 2208.8.2. Intersystem handover from GSM to UMTS during a CS connection 2228.8.3. Intersystem change from UMTS to GPRS during a PS session 2238.8.4. Intersystem change from GPRS to UMTS during a PS session 223Chapter 9. UTRA/FDD Transmission Chain 2279.1. Introduction 2279.2. Operations applied to transport channels 2289.2.1. Multiplexing and channel coding in the uplink 2289.2.2. Multiplexing and channel coding in the downlink 2369.3. Operations applied to physical channels 2389.3.1. Characteristics of physical channels in UTRA/FDD 2389.3.2. Channelization codes 2399.3.3. Scrambling codes 2419.3.4. UTRA/WCDMA transmitter 2449.4. Spreading and modulation of dedicated physical channels 2489.4.1. Uplink dedicated channels 2489.4.2. Downlink dedicated channel 2559.4.3. Time difference between uplink and downlink DPCHs 2609.5. Spreading and modulation of common physical channels 2619.5.1. The Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) 2619.5.2. The Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH) 2629.5.3. The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) 2639.5.4. The Synchronization Channel (SCH) 2649.5.5. The Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) 2659.5.6. The Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH) 2669.5.7. The Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH) 2679.5.8. The Paging Indicator Channel (PICH) 2689.5.9. The Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH) 2689.5.10. Other downlink physical channels associated with the PCPCH 269Chapter 10. UTRA/FDD Physical Layer Procedures 27110.1. Introduction 27110.2. The UE receptor 27110.3. Synchronization procedure 27310.3.1. First step: slot synchronization 27410.3.2. Second step: frame synchronization and code-group identification 27510.3.3. Third step: primary scrambling code identification 27610.3.4. Fourth step: system frame synchronization 27610.4. Random access transmission with the RACH 27710.5. Random access transmission with the CPCH 27910.6. Paging decoding procedure 28010.7. Power control procedures 28210.7.1. Open loop power control 28210.7.2. Inner loop and outer loop power control 28310.8. Transmit diversity procedures 28610.8.1. Time Switched Transmit Diversity (TSTD) 28710.8.2. Space Time block coding Transmit Diversity (STTD) 28810.8.3. Closed loop transmit diversity 289Chapter 11. Measurements and Procedures of the UE in RRC Modes 29111.1. Introduction 29111.2. Measurements performed by the physical layer 29111.2.1. Measurement model for physical layer 29211.2.2. Types of UE measurements 29311.3. Cell selection process 29411.3.1. PLMN search and selection 29511.3.2. Phases in the cell selection process 29611.3.3. “S” cell selection criterion 29811.4. Cell reselection process 29911.4.1. Types of cell reselection 30011.4.2. Measurement rules for cell reselection 30111.4.3. “R” ranking criterion 30111.4.4. Phases in the cell reselection process 30211.5. Handover procedures 30311.5.1. Phases in a handover procedure 30411.5.2. Intrafrequency handover 30511.5.3. Interfrequency handover 31011.5.4. Intersystem UMTS-GSM handover 31211.6. Measurements in idle and connected RRC modes 31211.6.1. Measurements in RRC idle, CELL_PCH and URA_PCH states 31211.6.2. Measurements in CELL_FACH state 31311.6.3. Measurements in the CELL_DCH state: the compressed mode 315Chapter 12. UTRA/TDD Mode 32112.1. Introduction 32112.2. Technical aspects of UTRA/TDD 32112.2.1. Advantages of UTRA/TDD 32212.2.2. Drawbacks of UTRA/TDD 32412.3. Transport and physical channels in UTRA/TDD 32512.3.1. Physical channel structure 32612.3.2. Dedicated Physical Data Channels 32812.3.3. Common physical channels 32912.4. Service multiplexing and channel coding 33412.4.1. Examples of UTRA/TDD user bit rates 33512.5. Physical layer procedures in UTRA/TDD 33612.5.1. Power control 33612.5.2. Downlink transmit diversity 33812.5.3. Timing advance 33912.5.4. Dynamic channel allocation 33912.5.5. Handover 34012.6. UTRA/TDD receiver 340Chapter 13. UMTS Network Evolution 34313.1. Introduction 34313.2. UMTS core network based on Release 4 34513.3. UMTS core network based on Release 5 34713.4. Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) 34913.4.1. Network aspects 34913.4.2. MBMS operation modes 35013.4.3. MBMS future evolution 35113.5. UMTS-WLAN interworking 35213.5.1. UMTS-WLAN interworking scenarios 35213.5.2. Network and UE aspects 35413.6. UMTS evolution beyond Release 7 35513.6.1. HSDPA/HSUPA enhancements 35613.6.2. System Architecture Evolution 35613.6.3. Long Term Evolution (LTE) 357Chapter 14. Principles of HSDPA 35914.1. HSDPA physical layer 35914.1.1. HS-DSCH transport channel 36114.1.2. Mapping of HS-DSCH onto HS-PDSCH physical channels 36214.1.3. Physical channels associated with the HS-DSCH 36314.1.4. Timing relationship between the HS-PDSCH and associated channels 36614.2. Adaptive modulation and coding 36614.3. Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (H-ARQ) 36714.4. H-ARQ process example 36914.5. Fast scheduling 37014.6. New architecture requirements for supporting HSDPA 37114.6.1. Impact on Node B: high-speed MAC entity 37114.6.2. Impact on the UE: HSDPA terminal capabilities 37214.7. Future enhancements for HSDPA 37314.7.1. Enhanced UTRA/FDD uplink 37314.7.2. Multiple Input Multiple Output antenna processing 374Appendix 1. AMR Codec in UMTS 375A1.1. AMR frame structure and operating modes 376A1.2. Dynamic AMR mode adaptation 378A1.3. Resource allocation for an AMR speech connection 380A1.4. AMR wideband 380Appendix 2. Questions and Answers 383Bibliography 395Glossary 399Index 417