Adult Degenerative Scoliosis

James S Harrop MD FACSProfessor of Neurological and Orthopaedic Surgery, Director, Division of Spine and Peripheral Nerve Disorders, Neurosurgical Director Delaware Valley SCI Centre, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USAAhmed J Awad MDPost-Doctoral Fellow, Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, PalestineAlexander R Vaccaro MD PhDThe Everett and Marion Gordon Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Medical Centre, Philadelphia, USA

• Lumbar Degenerative Scoliosis           Thoracolumbar Spine Anatomy and Pathoetiology of Degenerative ScoliosisImaging and Radiographic Measurement Techniques for Lumbar Degenerative Scoliosis The Importance of Spinal Balance in the Management of Lumbar Degenerative ScoliosisNatural History of Nonoperative Treatment for Lumbar Degenerative ScoliosisDifferences Biomechanically and Clinically Between De Novo Lumbar Degenerative Scoliosis and Adult Idiopathic ScoliosisSurgical PlanningWhen Is Posterior Decompression Alone Adequate in the Setting of Lumbar Degenerative ScoliosisDetermining Fusion Levels in Lumbar Degenerative ScoliosisIs An Interbody Fusion Always Necessary?The Lateral Approach as a Stand-Alone Technique for Lumbar Degenerative Scoliosis-Outcome AssessmentWhen Does One Stop at L5 as A Distal Fusion Level Instead of the Sacrum In Multilevel Fusions For Lumbar Degenerative ScoliosisSurgical TechniquesAnterior Approaches (Retroperitoneal/ Transperitoneal)Posterior Fusion Techniques for Lumbar Degenerative ScoliosisPonte OsteotomiesSmith Peterson OsteotomiesPedicle Subtraction OsteotomiesVertebral Column ResectionThe Lateral ApproachSacral Pelvic Fixation Strategies in the Setting of Lumbar Degenerative ScoliosisCircumferential ApproachesMIS  Techniques