Tatiana Berringer is Assistant Professor of International Relations at Federal University of ABC (Brazil). She is a member of the editorial board of Crítica Marxista (Brazil) and of the Brazilian Foreign Policy and International Insertion Observatory (opep.org). She coordinates the Social Classes and Foreign Policy Group Research (CNPQ).

• ForewordPrefaceAcknowledgementsList of Figures and TablesAbbreviations and AcronymsIntroduction1 Power Bloc: Brazilian Theory and Policy1 Theory: The Power Bloc and International Relations2 Theory: Power Bloc and Foreign Policy Analysis2 The fhc Governments: Neoliberalism, Power Bloc and Foreign Policy1 Neoliberalism2 Neoliberalism and the Power Bloc in Brazil3 Foreign Policy in the fhc Governments3.1 Adherence to the Missile Technology Control Regime ( mtcr )3.2 The Efforts to Reactivate the InterAmerican Treaty for Reciprocal Assistance ( itra )3.3  ftaa , mercosur and the Internal Bourgeoisie3.4 Regional Politics between 1998 and 2000: The mercosur Crisis and the Launching of the irsa i3.5 The Lafer Administration and the Brazilian State’s Passive Subordination to Imperialism3.6 The 2002 Elections3.7 The ftaa and the 2002 Elections3.8 The Internal Bourgeoisie and the 2002 Election3.9 The pt and the 2002 Elections3 The Lula Governments: Neo-developmentalism, Power Bloc and Foreign Policy1 Neo-developmentalism and Power Bloc1.1 A Brief Review of Some of the Analytical Literature on the Lula Governments’ Social and Economic Policies2 Foreign Policy during the Lula Governments2.1 South-South Coalitions2.2 Haiti2.3 Regional Integration2.4 Africa2.5 The Middle East2.6 China2.7 European Union2.8 The imf2.9 The United States2.10 Defense Policy2.11 The Lula Governments’ Foreign Policy and the Neo-developmentalist Front2.12 The Brazilian State’s Position in Regard to Imperialism2.13 The Political Organization of the Neo-developmentalist Front2.14 The Internal Bourgeoisie and the South-South Foreign Policy2.15 Contradictions among Sectors Composing the Internal Bourgeoisie2.16 The Unstable Equilibrium of Compromises and Foreign Policy2.17 The Party-Political Dispute and Foreign Policy4 Brazil and South America1 Brazilian State and South America: Imperialism, Sub-imperialism and Neo-developmentalism1.1 Brazilian Imperialism1.2 Brazilian Sub-imperialism1.3 Neo-developmentalism and Regional Politics2 People’s Movements and Unionism in Relation to Regional Integration Processes in South America2.1 Brazilian People’s Movements and Unionism and Regional Integration in the 1980s and 1990s2.2 The People’s Classes and Regional Integration during the pt Governments5 Brazil under fhc and Lula6 Power Bloc and Foreign Policy in the Dilma, Temer and Bolsonaro Governments1 The Dilma Government: Foreign Policy, Political Crisis and Power Bloc1.1 Foreign Policy in the Dilma Governments1.2 The Power Bloc, the Political Crisis and Foreign Policy2 The Temer Government and the Return to Passive Subordination2.1 Brazil’s Trade and Production Structures Compared with the World2.2 The Brazilian State’s Re-embracing of Passive Subordination2.3 Decadent External Insertion and Dependent Productive Structure2.4 ‘Weak Meat’3 The Bolsonaro Government and Its Explicit Passive Subordination to Imperialism: The Neofascist Alliance3.1 Foreign Policies of the Bolsonaro Government and the Trump Government: The Neofascist Alliance3.2 A New Stage in Brazil-USA Relations: The Biden GovernmentReferencesIndex

Tatiana Berringer is Assistant Professor of International Relations at Federal University of ABC (Brazil). She is a member of the editorial board of Crítica Marxista (Brazil) and of the Brazilian Foreign Policy and International Insertion Observatory (opep.org). She coordinates the Social Classes and Foreign Policy Group Research (CNPQ).

• ForewordPrefaceAcknowledgementsList of Figures and TablesAbbreviations and AcronymsIntroduction1 Power Bloc: Brazilian Theory and Policy1 Theory: The Power Bloc and International Relations2 Theory: Power Bloc and Foreign Policy Analysis2 The fhc Governments: Neoliberalism, Power Bloc and Foreign Policy1 Neoliberalism2 Neoliberalism and the Power Bloc in Brazil3 Foreign Policy in the fhc Governments3.1 Adherence to the Missile Technology Control Regime ( mtcr )3.2 The Efforts to Reactivate the InterAmerican Treaty for Reciprocal Assistance ( itra )3.3  ftaa , mercosur and the Internal Bourgeoisie3.4 Regional Politics between 1998 and 2000: The mercosur Crisis and the Launching of the irsa i3.5 The Lafer Administration and the Brazilian State’s Passive Subordination to Imperialism3.6 The 2002 Elections3.7 The ftaa and the 2002 Elections3.8 The Internal Bourgeoisie and the 2002 Election3.9 The pt and the 2002 Elections3 The Lula Governments: Neo-developmentalism, Power Bloc and Foreign Policy1 Neo-developmentalism and Power Bloc1.1 A Brief Review of Some of the Analytical Literature on the Lula Governments’ Social and Economic Policies2 Foreign Policy during the Lula Governments2.1 South-South Coalitions2.2 Haiti2.3 Regional Integration2.4 Africa2.5 The Middle East2.6 China2.7 European Union2.8 The imf2.9 The United States2.10 Defense Policy2.11 The Lula Governments’ Foreign Policy and the Neo-developmentalist Front2.12 The Brazilian State’s Position in Regard to Imperialism2.13 The Political Organization of the Neo-developmentalist Front2.14 The Internal Bourgeoisie and the South-South Foreign Policy2.15 Contradictions among Sectors Composing the Internal Bourgeoisie2.16 The Unstable Equilibrium of Compromises and Foreign Policy2.17 The Party-Political Dispute and Foreign Policy4 Brazil and South America1 Brazilian State and South America: Imperialism, Sub-imperialism and Neo-developmentalism1.1 Brazilian Imperialism1.2 Brazilian Sub-imperialism1.3 Neo-developmentalism and Regional Politics2 People’s Movements and Unionism in Relation to Regional Integration Processes in South America2.1 Brazilian People’s Movements and Unionism and Regional Integration in the 1980s and 1990s2.2 The People’s Classes and Regional Integration during the pt Governments5 Brazil under fhc and Lula6 Power Bloc and Foreign Policy in the Dilma, Temer and Bolsonaro Governments1 The Dilma Government: Foreign Policy, Political Crisis and Power Bloc1.1 Foreign Policy in the Dilma Governments1.2 The Power Bloc, the Political Crisis and Foreign Policy2 The Temer Government and the Return to Passive Subordination2.1 Brazil’s Trade and Production Structures Compared with the World2.2 The Brazilian State’s Re-embracing of Passive Subordination2.3 Decadent External Insertion and Dependent Productive Structure2.4 ‘Weak Meat’3 The Bolsonaro Government and Its Explicit Passive Subordination to Imperialism: The Neofascist Alliance3.1 Foreign Policies of the Bolsonaro Government and the Trump Government: The Neofascist Alliance3.2 A New Stage in Brazil-USA Relations: The Biden GovernmentReferencesIndex

Tatiana Berringer is Assistant Professor of International Relations at Federal University of ABC (Brazil). She is a member of the editorial board of Crítica Marxista (Brazil) and of the Brazilian Foreign Policy and International Insertion Observatory (opep.org). She coordinates the Social Classes and Foreign Policy Group Research (CNPQ).

• ForewordPrefaceAcknowledgementsList of Figures and TablesAbbreviations and AcronymsIntroduction1 Power Bloc: Brazilian Theory and Policy1 Theory: The Power Bloc and International Relations2 Theory: Power Bloc and Foreign Policy Analysis2 The fhc Governments: Neoliberalism, Power Bloc and Foreign Policy1 Neoliberalism2 Neoliberalism and the Power Bloc in Brazil3 Foreign Policy in the fhc Governments3.1 Adherence to the Missile Technology Control Regime ( mtcr )3.2 The Efforts to Reactivate the InterAmerican Treaty for Reciprocal Assistance ( itra )3.3  ftaa , mercosur and the Internal Bourgeoisie3.4 Regional Politics between 1998 and 2000: The mercosur Crisis and the Launching of the irsa i3.5 The Lafer Administration and the Brazilian State’s Passive Subordination to Imperialism3.6 The 2002 Elections3.7 The ftaa and the 2002 Elections3.8 The Internal Bourgeoisie and the 2002 Election3.9 The pt and the 2002 Elections3 The Lula Governments: Neo-developmentalism, Power Bloc and Foreign Policy1 Neo-developmentalism and Power Bloc1.1 A Brief Review of Some of the Analytical Literature on the Lula Governments’ Social and Economic Policies2 Foreign Policy during the Lula Governments2.1 South-South Coalitions2.2 Haiti2.3 Regional Integration2.4 Africa2.5 The Middle East2.6 China2.7 European Union2.8 The imf2.9 The United States2.10 Defense Policy2.11 The Lula Governments’ Foreign Policy and the Neo-developmentalist Front2.12 The Brazilian State’s Position in Regard to Imperialism2.13 The Political Organization of the Neo-developmentalist Front2.14 The Internal Bourgeoisie and the South-South Foreign Policy2.15 Contradictions among Sectors Composing the Internal Bourgeoisie2.16 The Unstable Equilibrium of Compromises and Foreign Policy2.17 The Party-Political Dispute and Foreign Policy4 Brazil and South America1 Brazilian State and South America: Imperialism, Sub-imperialism and Neo-developmentalism1.1 Brazilian Imperialism1.2 Brazilian Sub-imperialism1.3 Neo-developmentalism and Regional Politics2 People’s Movements and Unionism in Relation to Regional Integration Processes in South America2.1 Brazilian People’s Movements and Unionism and Regional Integration in the 1980s and 1990s2.2 The People’s Classes and Regional Integration during the pt Governments5 Brazil under fhc and Lula6 Power Bloc and Foreign Policy in the Dilma, Temer and Bolsonaro Governments1 The Dilma Government: Foreign Policy, Political Crisis and Power Bloc1.1 Foreign Policy in the Dilma Governments1.2 The Power Bloc, the Political Crisis and Foreign Policy2 The Temer Government and the Return to Passive Subordination2.1 Brazil’s Trade and Production Structures Compared with the World2.2 The Brazilian State’s Re-embracing of Passive Subordination2.3 Decadent External Insertion and Dependent Productive Structure2.4 ‘Weak Meat’3 The Bolsonaro Government and Its Explicit Passive Subordination to Imperialism: The Neofascist Alliance3.1 Foreign Policies of the Bolsonaro Government and the Trump Government: The Neofascist Alliance3.2 A New Stage in Brazil-USA Relations: The Biden GovernmentReferencesIndex