Dr. Qingsong Xu is a Professor in the Department of Electromechanical Engineering at the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, and has served as the Director of the Smart and Micro/Nano Systems Laboratory since 2010. His research focuses on intelligent micro/nanosystems, precision robotics, and biomedical applications. He currently serves as an Associate Editor for IEEE Transactions on Robotics (T-RO). Previously, he was a Technical Editor for IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics (T-MECH) and an Associate Editor for both IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering (T-ASE) and IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L). Prof. Xu has received more than ten best paper awards from international conferences and multiple Macao Science and Technology Awards from Macao SAR, China. Since 2019, he has been recognized among the top 2% of the world's scientists by Stanford University. He is also a Fellow of ASME. Prof. Lap Mou TAM has been working in the area of heat transfer, energy systems, and chaos for 30 years. He has published over 100 peer-reviewed papers in journals and conferences in related domains.

• 1. Introduction2. Energy Harvesting Materials and Circuits3. Survey on Mechanical Designs of Piezoelectric Energy Harvester4. Review of Energy Harvesting from Human Walking5. Design of a New Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Based on Compound Two-Stage Force Amplification Frame6. Design of a New Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Handrail with Vibration and Force Excitations7. Design of a Novel Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Based on Integrated Multi-Stage Force Amplification Frame8. Design and Testing of a Novel Bidirectional Energy Harvester with Single Piezoelectric Stack9. Design and Testing of a Novel 2-D Energy Harvester with Single Piezoelectric Stack10. Design of a Novel 2-D Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Permanent Magnets and Multi-Stage Force Amplifier11. Design and Testing of a New Dual-Axial Underfloor Piezoelectric Energy Harvester12. Design, Fabrication and Testing of a Novel 3-D Energy Harvester13. Conclusions

Dr. Qingsong Xu is a Professor in the Department of Electromechanical Engineering at the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, and has served as the Director of the Smart and Micro/Nano Systems Laboratory since 2010. His research focuses on intelligent micro/nanosystems, precision robotics, and biomedical applications. He currently serves as an Associate Editor for IEEE Transactions on Robotics (T-RO). Previously, he was a Technical Editor for IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics (T-MECH) and an Associate Editor for both IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering (T-ASE) and IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L). Prof. Xu has received more than ten best paper awards from international conferences and multiple Macao Science and Technology Awards from Macao SAR, China. Since 2019, he has been recognized among the top 2% of the world's scientists by Stanford University. He is also a Fellow of ASME. Prof. Lap Mou TAM has been working in the area of heat transfer, energy systems, and chaos for 30 years. He has published over 100 peer-reviewed papers in journals and conferences in related domains.

• 1. Introduction2. Energy Harvesting Materials and Circuits3. Survey on Mechanical Designs of Piezoelectric Energy Harvester4. Review of Energy Harvesting from Human Walking5. Design of a New Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Based on Compound Two-Stage Force Amplification Frame6. Design of a New Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Handrail with Vibration and Force Excitations7. Design of a Novel Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Based on Integrated Multi-Stage Force Amplification Frame8. Design and Testing of a Novel Bidirectional Energy Harvester with Single Piezoelectric Stack9. Design and Testing of a Novel 2-D Energy Harvester with Single Piezoelectric Stack10. Design of a Novel 2-D Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Permanent Magnets and Multi-Stage Force Amplifier11. Design and Testing of a New Dual-Axial Underfloor Piezoelectric Energy Harvester12. Design, Fabrication and Testing of a Novel 3-D Energy Harvester13. Conclusions

Dr. Qingsong Xu is a Professor in the Department of Electromechanical Engineering at the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, and has served as the Director of the Smart and Micro/Nano Systems Laboratory since 2010. His research focuses on intelligent micro/nanosystems, precision robotics, and biomedical applications. He currently serves as an Associate Editor for IEEE Transactions on Robotics (T-RO). Previously, he was a Technical Editor for IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics (T-MECH) and an Associate Editor for both IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering (T-ASE) and IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L). Prof. Xu has received more than ten best paper awards from international conferences and multiple Macao Science and Technology Awards from Macao SAR, China. Since 2019, he has been recognized among the top 2% of the world's scientists by Stanford University. He is also a Fellow of ASME. Prof. Lap Mou TAM has been working in the area of heat transfer, energy systems, and chaos for 30 years. He has published over 100 peer-reviewed papers in journals and conferences in related domains.

• 1. Introduction2. Energy Harvesting Materials and Circuits3. Survey on Mechanical Designs of Piezoelectric Energy Harvester4. Review of Energy Harvesting from Human Walking5. Design of a New Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Based on Compound Two-Stage Force Amplification Frame6. Design of a New Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Handrail with Vibration and Force Excitations7. Design of a Novel Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Based on Integrated Multi-Stage Force Amplification Frame8. Design and Testing of a Novel Bidirectional Energy Harvester with Single Piezoelectric Stack9. Design and Testing of a Novel 2-D Energy Harvester with Single Piezoelectric Stack10. Design of a Novel 2-D Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Permanent Magnets and Multi-Stage Force Amplifier11. Design and Testing of a New Dual-Axial Underfloor Piezoelectric Energy Harvester12. Design, Fabrication and Testing of a Novel 3-D Energy Harvester13. Conclusions