Understanding Violence and Victimization

About our author Robert J. Meadows is professor of criminology and criminal justice at California Lutheran University (CLU), where he also served as department chair for over 10 years. Dr. Meadows received a PhD in criminal justice from Claremont Graduate University and a Doctor of Education (EdD) and master’s degree (MS) from Pepperdine University. He received his bachelor’s degree (BS) from Northern Arizona University. Dr. Meadows has over 35 years of teaching, research and practical experience.Prior to teaching, Dr. Meadows worked as a police officer in Los Angeles (LAPD) assigned to patrol, accident investigation and recruit training. Prior to CLU, he taught at Kent State University, Ohio; Appalachian State University North Carolina; and Glendale College, Glendale, California. Dr. Meadow’s research and teaching interests include violence and victimization, legal issues in criminal justice, and comparative justice systems. He has authored articles and two books: Evil Minds (Pearson-Prentice Hall, 2005) and the 7th edition of Understanding Violence and Victimization.

• CHAPTER 1: MEASURING AND UNDERSTANDING VIOLENCELearning ObjectivesIntroductionThe Fear of Violent CrimeFear and Effect of Violent CrimeCrime DataSources of Data on VictimizationViolent Crime Reporting and StatisticsNational Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime (NCAVC)Violent Criminal Apprehension Program (VICAP)Law Enforcement Officers Killed or Assaulted on DutyUnderstanding ViolenceInfluences of ViolenceIndividual InfluencesFamilial InfluencesCommunity InfluencesSummaryKey Terms and ConceptsDiscussion Questions and Learning ActivitiesWeb SourcesRecommended ReadingsReferencesCHAPTER 2: VICTIMIZATION THEORYLearning ObjectivesIntroductionImpact of VictimizationCulture of VictimizationReview of Early Victimization TheoryHentig's Victim ClassificationMendelsohn's TypologySellin and Wolfgang's Typology of VictimizationModern Victimization TheoriesCultural TrappingsVictim Precipitation TheorySpatial RelationsNew TechnologySummaryKey Terms and ConceptsDiscussion Questions and Learning ActivitiesWeb SourcesRecommended ReadingsReferencesCHAPTER 3: VICTIMS OF FAMILIAL VIOLENCELearning ObjectivesIntroductionThe Stalking ProblemAntistalking LegislationFederal Law on StalkingThe Psychological and Social Consequences of StalkingIntimate Partner ViolenceExtended Victims of Partner ViolenceExplaining Partner ViolenceRecognizing a Potentially Abusive PartnerThe Law and Domestic ViolenceDevelopments in the StatesThe Federal Crime Control Act and Domestic ViolenceElder Abuse and NeglectNursing Home NegligenceChild Abuse and NeglectVictims of Rape and Sexual ViolenceStatutory RapeMarital RapeDate Rape and Dating ViolenceSummaryKey Terms and ConceptsDiscussion Questions and Learning ActivitiesWeb SourcesRecommended ReadingsReferencesCHAPTER 4: NONFAMILIAL VIOLENCE AND VICTIMIZATIONLearning ObjectivesIntroductionRobberyHome Invasion RobberyCarjackingMurders and Assaults by StrangersSpontaneous MurdersDirected TargetsBias and Hate-Motivated CrimesHate and Bias Crime LegislationTerrorismDomestic and International TerrorismVictims of TerrorismMotives of ViolenceViolence DisseminationSummaryKey Terms and ConceptsDiscussion Questions and Learning ActivitiesWeb SourcesRecommended ReadingsReferencesCHAPTER 5: INSTITUTIONAL AND WORKPLACE VIOLENCELearning ObjectivesIntroductionOverview of Institutional and Workplace ViolenceInstitutional HomicidesCategorization of Institutional and Workplace ViolenceSources of Workplace ViolenceWarning Signs of ViolenceBullying in the WorkplaceEmployer Liability for Institutional VictimizationSexual Harassment and Legal LiabilityReducing the Violence Threat: the Targeted Human ResourceApproachSummaryKey Terms and ConceptsDiscussion Questions and Learning ActivitiesWeb SourcesRecommended ReadingsReferencesCHAPTER 6: SCHOOL VIOLENCE AND VICTIMIZATIONLearning ObjectivesIntroductionResearch on School Crime and ViolenceTeachers At RiskExplaining School ViolenceEarly Warning Signs of Violent BehaviorBullyingGangs and SchoolsOther Behavioral Warning SignsResponding to School ViolenceZero ToleranceSummaryKey Terms and ConceptsDiscussion Questions and Learning ActivitiesWeb SourcesRecommended ReadingsReferencesCHAPTER 7: CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND INJUSTICELearning ObjectivesIntroductionSources of InjusticeIs the Justice System Broken?The PoliceRemedies for Police InjusticeProsecution and the Judicial ProcessCrime Legislation, Sentencing, and InjusticeThree Strikes Law and Mandatory MinimumsEnforcing Laws: Sanctuary Cities Crime and Illegal ImmigrationFelony Murder RuleSex Registration LawsCorrectionsCommunity CorrectionsEarly Release and RealignmentPrison VictimizationSummaryKey Terms and ConceptsDiscussion Questions and Learning ActivitiesWeb SourcesRecommended ReadingsReferencesCHAPTER 8: HUMAN TRAFFICKING AND VICTIMIZATIONLearning ObjectivesIntroductionScope of Human TraffickingVictims of Sex TraffickingThe Refugee Crisis and TraffickingSex Trafficking in the United StatesOther Consequences of Sex Trafficking VictimsLabor TraffickingBonded LaborDebt Bondage Among Migrant LaborersInvoluntary Domestic ServitudeForced Child LaborChild SoldiersLaws Prohibiting Human TraffickingResponding to Human TraffickingT Nonimmigrant Status (T Visa)U Nonimmigrant Status (U Visa)SummaryKey Terms and ConceptsDiscussion Questions and Learning ActivitiesWeb SourcesRecommended ReadingsReferencesCHAPTER 9: FIREARMS AND VICTIMIZATIONLearning ObjectivesIntroductionGun LawsThe StatesFederal LawsThe Bad of GunsSource of Illegal GunsSummaryNotesKey Terms and ConceptsDiscussion Questions and LearningActivitiesWeb SourcesRecommended ReadingsReferencesCHAPTER 10: RESPONDING TO CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATIONLearning ObjectivesIntroductionProactive ResponsesCommunity Violence Prevention StrategiesSecurity and Protection MeasuresEnvironmental CriminologyReactive Responses to VictimizationVictim Rights and Compensation ProgramsAdditional LegislationSexual Offender Notification LawsSexually Violent Predator ActAntigang LegislationGang InjunctionsCrime Control Legislation in 2000 and BeyondVictim Advocacy GroupsCivil Justice for VictimsSummaryKey Terms and ConceptsDiscussion Questions and Learning ActivitiesWeb SourcesRecommended ReadingsReferencesAppendicesA. Major Sources of Victimization Data and InformationB. Resource GuideC. Victimization Checklist