Laboratory Manual for Chemistry

Jill K. Robinson received her Ph.D. in analytical and atmospheric chemistry from the University of Colorado at Boulder. She is a senior lecturer at Indiana University and teaches general, analytical, and environmental chemistry courses. Her clear and relatable teaching style has been honored with several awards including the President’s Award for Distinguished Teaching at Indiana University and the J. Calvin Giddings Award for Excellence in Education from the American Chemical Society Division of Analytical Chemistry. She leads workshops to help faculty transition from lecture-based instruction to student-centered pedagogies.  John McMurry, educated at Harvard and Columbia, has taught more than 20,000 students in general and organic chemistry over a 40-year period. An emeritus professor of chemistry at Cornell University, Dr. McMurry previously spent 13 years on the faculty at the University of California at Santa Cruz. He has received numerous awards, including the Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship (1969—71), the National Institute of Health Career Development Award (1975—80), the Alexander von Humboldt Senior Scientist Award (1986—87), and the Max Planck Research Award (1991).  Robert C. Fay, professor emeritus at Cornell University, taught general and inorganic chemistry at Cornell for 45 years beginning in 1962. Known for his clear, well-organized lectures, Dr. Fay was the 1980 recipient of the Clark Distinguished Teaching Award. He has also taught as a visiting professor at Harvard University and the University of Bologna (Italy). A Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Oberlin College, Dr. Fay received his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois. He has been an NSF Science Faculty Fellow at the University of East Anglia and the University of Sussex (England) and a NATO/Heineman Senior Fellow at Oxford University.

• 1. A. Measurement and Expression of Experimental DataB. Graphing and Statistical AnalysisA math review, including practice with significant figures, rounding rules, graphing techniques, and statistical analysis.2. A Submarine Adventure: Density Saves the DayThe concept of density is explored by measuring the density of a solid and a liquid and by developing a mock submarine.3. Conservation of MatterA reaction of copper nitrate and zinc is observed to determine if mass is conserved.4. Plop, Plop, Fizz, Fizz: The Mass Percent of NaHCO3The reaction of Alka-Seltzer® tablets with acetic acid is used to determine the mass percent of sodium bicarbonate present in each tablet.5. Proof of AlcoholAn unknown alcohol solution is analyzed for the mass and volume percent of alcohol by separation methods.6. Empirical Formula of a CompoundAn unknown sample is analyzed for the empirical formula of a metal sample via a crucible and heating.7. Pancake Mix as a Limiting ReactantDetermining the limiting reactant of two reactants and identifying the percent by mass composition of the original mixture.8. Redox Reactions in Voltaic Cells: Construction of a Potential SeriesMicroscale unit cells of several metals are created and their potentials are measured to create a potential series.9. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions: Strong Acids and BasesThe pH and concentration relationships for the reaction of HCl and NaOH are investigated.10. The Copper CycleWatch copper metal react in various was to transform from a solid to a liquid back to a solid through a series of reactions.11. Atomic SpectraSeveral unknown light sources are identified by use of spectrometry.12. Colligative Properties of SolutionsExploring colligative properties by determining 1) the freezing point (Tf) of cyclohexane, 2) its molal freezing point constant (Kf) and 3) the freezing point depression (ΔTf).13. Building Molecular ModelsLewis structures are presented in model form and investigated.14. Calorimetry and Hess’s LawThe enthalpies of reaction are determined for both magnesium metal and magnesium oxide in water. These enthalpies are then used in conjunction with Hess’s Law to determine the enthalpy of reaction for magnesium burning in oxygen.15. Gas Laws and Air BagsIdeal gas law and stoichiometry are used to construct a working mock-up of an automobile airbag.16. Intermolecular Forces and the Triple Point of CO2Intermolecular forces are investigated by observing the temperature depression created when different solvents evaporate. The triple point of CO2 is observed and measured.17. The Purification of WaterFresh water samples are tested for phosphate before and after purification.18. Kinetics: The Iodine ClockThe iodine clock reaction is measured at room, high, and low temperatures and its rate constant is determined.19. Photometric Determination of an Equilibrium ConstantThe equilibrium constant for the reaction of iron(III) thiocyanate is determined by photometric methods.20. Analysis of Vitamin C in Fruit Juices by TitrationTitration will allow identify the concentrations of substances in solutions.21. Murder Solved by the Analysis of a KissIdentify which lipstick was present at the crime scene by comparing chromatograms.22. Entropy, Free Energy, and Chemical EquilibriumThe thermodynamics of the solubility of Ca(OH)2 are determined using titration.23. Electrochemistry: The Nernst EquationUnit cells are built from various metals and then tested at several temperatures. The free energy is determined using the Nernst equation.24. Qualitative Analysis: AnionsQualitative analysis is used to investigate the chemical properties of 11 anions, and those properties are used to identify the anions in an unknown sample.25. Qualitative Analysis: CationsA traditional qualitative analysis scheme is used to determine the group I—V cations in an unknown mixture.26. Qualitative Analysis: Cations, Anions, and Complex IonsA single-day, microscale qualitative analysis is used to determine the cations and anions in an unknown mixture.27. Whodunit? A Forensic InvestigationA murder is investigated by means of several chemical forensic methods.28. Chemical Structure and SmellSeveral organic chemicals are investigated by relating their functional groups and structural similarities to their odors.29. Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Fats: Analysis of a PeanutThe biochemical composition of a peanut is analyzed by use of acrolein, Fehling, and xanthoproteic chemical tests.Appendix A: Glossary of Terms Used in This ManualAppendix B: Excel TutorialAppendix C: Volumetric GlasswareAppendix D: Standard Reduction Potentials (in Volts), 25 °C