CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide, Volume 1

Wendell Odom, CCIE Enterprise No. 1624, was the first Cisco Press author for Cisco certification guides. He wrote all prior editions of this book, along with books on topics ranging from introductory networking to CCENT, CCNA R&S, CCNA DC, CCNP ROUTE, CCNP QoS, and CCIE R&S. In his four decades as a networker, he has worked as a network engineer, consultant, systems engineer, instructor, and course developer. He now spends his time focused on updating the CCNA books, his blog (www.certskills.com), building his new CCNA YouTube channel (www.youtube.com/@NetworkUpskill), and teaching online (www.certskills.com/courses). You can find him at www.LinkedIn.com/in/WendellOdom, Twitter (@WendellOdom), and at his blog, which provides a variety of free CCNA learning resources.

• Introduction xxxivYour Study Plan 2Part I Introduction to Networking 15Chapter 1 Introduction to TCP/IP Networking 16“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 17Foundation Topics 18Perspectives on Networking 18TCP/IP Networking Model 19History Leading to TCP/IP 20Overview of the TCP/IP Networking Model 21TCP/IP Application Layer 23HTTP Overview 23HTTP Protocol Mechanisms 23TCP/IP Transport Layer 24TCP Error Recovery Basics 25Same-Layer and Adjacent-Layer Interactions 25TCP/IP Network Layer 26Internet Protocol and the Postal Service 26Internet Protocol Addressing Basics 27IP Routing Basics 28TCP/IP Data-Link and Physical Layers 29Data Encapsulation Terminology 31Names of TCP/IP Messages 31OSI Networking Model and Terminology 32Comparing OSI and TCP/IP Layer Names and Numbers 33Chapter Review 34Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Ethernet LANs 36“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 36Foundation Topics 38An Overview of LANs 38Typical SOHO LANs 39Typical Enterprise LANs 40The Variety of Ethernet Physical Layer Standards 41Consistent Behavior over All Links Using the Ethernet Data-Link Layer 42Building Physical Ethernet LANs with UTP 43Transmitting Data Using Twisted Pairs 43Breaking Down a UTP Ethernet Link 44UTP Cabling Pinouts for 10BASE-T and 100BASE-T 46Straight-Through Cable Pinout 46Choosing the Right Cable Pinouts 48Automatic Rewiring with Auto-MDIX 49UTP Cabling Pinouts for 1000BASE-T 49Building Physical Ethernet LANs with Fiber 50Fiber Cabling Transmission Concepts 50Using Fiber with Ethernet 52Sending Data in Ethernet Networks 53Ethernet Data-Link Protocols 53Ethernet Addressing 54Identifying Network Layer Protocols with the Ethernet Type Field 56Error Detection with FCS 56Sending Ethernet Frames with Switches and Hubs 57Sending in Modern Ethernet LANs Using Full Duplex 57Using Half Duplex with LAN Hubs 58Chapter Review 60Chapter 3 Fundamentals of WANs and IP Routing 62“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 62Foundation Topics 64Wide-Area Networks 64Leased-Line WANs 64Physical Details of Leased Lines 65Data-Link Details of Leased Lines 66How Routers Use a WAN Data Link 67Ethernet as a WAN Technology 69Ethernet WANs That Create a Layer 2 Service 70How Routers Route IP Packets Using Ethernet WAN Links 70IP Routing 71Network Layer Routing (Forwarding) Logic 72Host Forwarding Logic: Send the Packet to the Default Router 73R1 and R2’s Logic: Routing Data Across the Network 73R3’s Logic: Delivering Data to the End Destination 73How Network Layer Routing Uses LANs and WANs 73How IP Addressing Helps IP Routing 76Rules for Groups of IP Addresses (Networks and Subnets) 76The IP Header 77How IP Routing Protocols Help IP Routing 77Other Network Layer Features 79Using Names and the Domain Name System 79The Address Resolution Protocol 80ICMP Echo and the ping Command 81Chapter Review 82Part I Review 84Part II Implementing Ethernet LANs 87Chapter 4 Using the Command-Line Interface 88“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 88Foundation Topics 90Accessing the Cisco Catalyst Switch CLI 90Cisco Catalyst Switches 90Accessing the Cisco IOS XE CLI 91The Operating System in Cisco Catalyst Switches 92Accessing the IOS XE CLI 92Cabling the Console Connection 93Configuring a Terminal Emulator 95Accessing the CLI with Telnet and SSH 96User and Enable (Privileged) Modes 96Password Security for CLI Access from the Console 98Accessing the CLI with the WebUI 99CLI Help Features 101The debug and show Commands 103Configuring Cisco IOS Software 103Configuration Submodes and Contexts 104Storing Switch Configuration Files 106Copying and Erasing Configuration Files 109Chapter Review 109Chapter 5 Analyzing Ethernet LAN Switching 112“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 112Foundation Topics 114LAN Switching Concepts 114Overview of Switching Logic 115Forwarding Known Unicast Frames 116Learning MAC Addresses 118Flooding Unknown Unicast and Broadcast Frames 119Avoiding Loops Using Spanning Tree Protocol 120LAN Switching Summary 121Verifying and Analyzing Ethernet Switching 121Demonstrating MAC Learning 122Switch Interfaces 123Finding Entries in the MAC Address Table 124Managing the MAC Address Table (Aging, Clearing) 126MAC Address Tables with Multiple Switches 127Chapter Review 128Chapter 6 Configuring Basic Switch Management 132“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 132Foundation Topics 134Securing the Switch CLI 134Securing User Mode and Privileged Mode with Simple Passwords 135Securing User Mode Access with Local Usernames and Passwords 139Securing User Mode Access with External Authentication Servers 141Securing Remote Access with Secure Shell 142Enabling and Securing the WebUI 145Enabling IPv4 for Remote Access 146Host and Switch IP Settings 147Configuring IPv4 on a Switch 149Configuring a Switch to Learn Its IP Address with DHCP 150Verifying IPv4 on a Switch 150Miscellaneous Settings Useful in the Lab 151History Buffer Commands 151The logging synchronous, exec-timeout, and no ip domain-lookup Commands 152Chapter Review 153Chapter 7 Configuring and Verifying Switch Interfaces 158“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 158Foundation Topics 161Configuring Switch Interface Speed and Duplex 161IEEE Autonegotiation Concepts 161Autonegotiation Under Working Conditions 161Autonegotiation Results When Only One Node UsesAutonegotiation 163Autonegotiation and LAN Hubs 165Configuring Autonegotiation, Speed, and Duplex 165Using Autonegotiation on Cisco Switches 165Setting Speed and Duplex Manually 169Using Auto-MDIX on Cisco Switches 170Managing Switch Interface Configuration 172The Description and Interface Range Commands 172Administratively Controlling Interface State with shutdown 173Removing Configuration with the no Command 174Analyzing Switch Interface Status and Statistics 176Interface Status Codes 176The Duplex Mismatch Issue 177Common Layer 1 Problems on Working Interfaces 178Chapter Review 180Part II Review 184Part III Implementing VLANs and STP 187Chapter 8 Implementing Ethernet Virtual LANs 188“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 189Foundation Topics 191Virtual LAN Concepts 191Creating Multiswitch VLANs Using Trunking 192VLAN Tagging Concepts 193The 802.1Q and ISL VLAN Trunking Protocols 194Forwarding Data Between VLANs 195The Need for Routing Between VLANs 195Routing Packets Between VLANs with a Router 196VLAN and VLAN Trunking Configuration and Verification 197Creating VLANs and Assigning Access VLANs to an Interface 197VLAN Configuration Example 1: Full VLAN Configuration 198VLAN Configuration Example 2: Shorter VLAN Configuration 201VLAN Trunking Protocol 201VLAN Trunking Configuration 203Implementing Interfaces Connected to Phones 207Data and Voice VLAN Concepts 208Data and Voice VLAN Configuration and Verification 209Summary: IP Telephony Ports on Switches 212Troubleshooting VLANs and VLAN Trunks 212Confirm the Correct Access VLAN Is Assigned 213Access VLANs Undefined or Disabled 213Mismatched Trunking Operational States 215The Supported VLAN List on Trunks 217Mismatched Native VLAN on a Trunk 218Chapter Review 218Chapter 9 Spanning Tree Protocol Concepts 222“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 223Foundation Topics 224STP and RSTP Basics 224The Need for Spanning Tree 225What Spanning Tree Does 227How Spanning Tree Works 228The STP Bridge ID and Hello BPDU 229Electing the Root Switch 230Choosing Each Switch’s Root Port 232Choosing the Designated Port on Each LAN Segment 234Configuring to Influence the STP Topology 235Details Specific to STP (and Not RSTP) 236STP Activity When the Network Remains Stable 236STP Timers That Manage STP Convergence 237Changing Interface States with STP 238Rapid STP Concepts 239Comparing STP and RSTP 240RSTP and the Alternate (Root) Port Role 241RSTP States and Processes 243RSTP and the Backup (Designated) Port Role 244RSTP Port Types 245Optional STP Features 246EtherChannel 246PortFast 247BPDU Guard 248BPDU Filter 248BPDU Filter to Prevent Loops on PortFast Ports 249BPDU Filter to Disable STP on a Port 249Root Guard 250Loop Guard 251Chapter Review 254Chapter 10 RSTP and EtherChannel Configuration 256“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 256Foundation Topics 259Understanding RSTP Through Configuration 259The Need for Multiple Spanning Trees 260STP Modes and Standards 260The Bridge ID and System ID Extension 261Identifying Switch Priority and the Root Switch 263Switch Priority and Identifying the Root Switch 263Switch Priority Using Root Primary and Secondary 265RSTP (One Tree) and RPVST+ (One Tree Per VLAN) 266Identifying Port Cost, Role, and State 266Identifying Optional STP Features 269PortFast and BPDU Guard 269PortFast and BPDU Guard on an Access Port with One Endpoint 269PortFast on VLAN Trunks and Voice Pseudo-Trunks 271Global Configuration of PortFast and BPDU Guard 273BPDU Filter 274Conditional BPDU Filtering with Global Configuration 275Disabling STP with BPDU Filter Interface Configuration 277Root Guard 278Loop Guard 279Configuring Layer 2 EtherChannel 281Configuring a Manual Layer 2 EtherChannel 281Configuring Dynamic EtherChannels 284Interface Configuration Consistency with EtherChannels 287EtherChannel Load Distribution 289Chapter Review 291Part III Review 296Part IV IPv4 Addressing 299Chapter 11 Perspectives on IPv4 Subnetting 300“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 300Foundation Topics 302Introduction to Subnetting 302Subnetting Defined Through a Simple Example 302Operational View Versus Design View of Subnetting 303Analyze Subnetting and Addressing Needs 304Rules About Which Hosts Are in Which Subnet 304Determining the Number of Subnets 305Determining the Number of Hosts per Subnet 307One Size Subnet Fits All—Or Not 307Defining the Size of a Subnet 308One Size Subnet Fits All 308Multiple Subnet Sizes (Variable-Length Subnet Masks) 309One Mask for All Subnets, or More Than One 310Make Design Choices 311Choose a Classful Network 311Public IP Networks 311Growth Exhausts the Public IP Address Space 312Private IP Networks 313Choosing an IP Network During the Design Phase 314Choose the Mask 314Classful IP Networks Before Subnetting 315Borrowing Host Bits to Create Subnet Bits 315Choosing Enough Subnet and Host Bits 316Example Design: 172.16.0.0, 200 Subnets, 200 Hosts 317Masks and Mask Formats 318Build a List of All Subnets 318Plan the Implementation 320Assigning Subnets to Different Locations 320Choose Static and Dynamic Ranges per Subnet 321Chapter Review 322Chapter 12 Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks 324“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 324Foundation Topics 325Classful Network Concepts 325Setting the Context of Public Networks and CIDR Blocks 326IPv4 Network Classes and Related Facts 328The Number and Size of the Class A, B, and C Networks 329Address Formats 330Default Masks 330Number of Hosts per Network 331Deriving the Network ID and Related Numbers 331Unusual Network IDs and Network Broadcast Addresses 333Practice with Classful Networks 334Practice Deriving Key Facts Based on an IP Address 334Practice Remembering the Details of Address Classes 335Chapter Review 335Chapter 13 Analyzing Subnet Masks 338“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 338Foundation Topics 340Subnet Mask Conversion 340Three Mask Formats 340Converting Between Binary and Prefix Masks 341Converting Between Binary and DDN Masks 342Converting Between Prefix and DDN Masks 344Practice Converting Subnet Masks 344Identifying Subnet Design Choices Using Masks 345Masks Divide the Subnet’s Addresses into Two Parts 346Masks and Class Divide Addresses into Three Parts 347Classless and Classful Addressing 348Calculations Based on the IPv4 Address Format 349Practice Analyzing Subnet Masks 350Masks and CIDR Blocks 351Chapter Review 352Chapter 14 Analyzing Existing Subnets 356“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 356Foundation Topics 358Defining a Subnet 358An Example with Network 172.16.0.0 and Four Subnets 358Subnet ID Concepts 360Subnet Broadcast Address 361Range of Usable Addresses 361Analyzing Existing Subnets: Binary 362Finding the Subnet ID: Binary 362Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Binary 363Binary Practice Problems 364Shortcut for the Binary Process 365A Brief Note About Boolean Math 367Finding the Range of Addresses 367Analyzing Existing Subnets: Decimal 367Analysis with Easy Masks 367Predictability in the Interesting Octet 368Finding the Subnet ID: Difficult Masks 369Resident Subnet Example 1 370Resident Subnet Example 2 371Resident Subnet Practice Problems 371Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Difficult Masks 372Subnet Broadcast Example 1 372Subnet Broadcast Example 2 372Subnet Broadcast Address Practice Problems 373Practice Analyzing Existing Subnets 373A Choice: Memorize or Calculate 373Chapter Review 374Chapter 15 Subnet Design 378“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 378Foundation Topics 380Choosing the Mask(s) to Meet Requirements 380Review: Choosing the Minimum Number of Subnet and Host Bits 380No Masks Meet Requirements 381One Mask Meets Requirements 382Multiple Masks Meet Requirements 383Finding All the Masks: Concepts 383Finding All the Masks: Math 384Choosing the Best Mask 385The Formal Process 385Practice Choosing Subnet Masks 386Practice Problems for Choosing a Subnet Mask 386Finding All Subnet IDs 386First Subnet ID: The Zero Subnet 387Finding the Pattern Using the Magic Number 388A Formal Process with Fewer Than 8 Subnet Bits 389Example 1: Network 172.16.0.0, Mask 255.255.240.0 390Example 2: Network 192.168.1.0, Mask 255.255.255.224 391Finding All Subnets with Exactly 8 Subnet Bits 393Finding All Subnets with More Than 8 Subnet Bits 393Process with 9–16 Subnet Bits 393Process with 17 or More Subnet Bits 395Practice Finding All Subnet IDs 396Practice Problems for Finding All Subnet IDs 396Chapter Review 396Part IV Review 402Part V IPv4 Routing 405Chapter 16 Operating Cisco Routers 406“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 406Foundation Topics 407Installing Cisco Routers 407Installing Enterprise Routers 408The Cisco Router Operating Systems 409Cisco Integrated Services Routers 410The Cisco Catalyst Edge Platform 411Physical Installation 412Installing SOHO Routers 412Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Router Interfaces 413Accessing the Router CLI 414Router Interfaces 415Interface Status Codes 417Router Interface IP Addresses 418Ethernet Interface Autonegotiation 420Bandwidth and Clock Rate on Serial Interfaces 423Router Auxiliary Port 423Chapter Review 423Chapter 17 Configuring IPv4 Addresses and Static Routes 426“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 427Foundation Topics 428IP Routing 428IPv4 Routing Process Reference 429An Example of IP Routing 431Host Forwards the IP Packet to the Default Router (Gateway) 432Routing Step 1: Decide Whether to Process the Incoming Frame 432Routing Step 2: De-encapsulation of the IP Packet 433Routing Step 3: Choosing Where to Forward the Packet 433Routing Step 4: Encapsulating the Packet in a New Frame 434Routing Step 5: Transmitting the Frame 435Configuring IP Addresses and Connected Routes 435Connected Routes and the ip address Command 436Common Mistakes with the ip address Subcommand 438The ARP Table on a Cisco Router 439Configuring Static Routes 440Static Network Routes 441Verifying Static Network Routes 442Ethernet Outgoing Interfaces and Proxy ARP 443Static Default Routes 443Static Host Routes 445Floating Static Routes 447Troubleshooting Static Routes 448Incorrect Static Routes That Appear in the IP Routing Table 448The Static Route Does Not Appear in the IP Routing Table 449The Correct Static Route Appears but Works Poorly 450Chapter Review 450Chapter 18 IP Routing in the LAN 454“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 455Foundation Topics 457VLAN Routing with Router 802.1Q Trunks 457Configuring ROAS 458Verifying ROAS 461Troubleshooting ROAS 463VLAN Routing with Layer 3 Switch SVIs 464Configuring Routing Using Switch SVIs 464Verifying Routing with SVIs 466Troubleshooting Routing with SVIs 467SVI Interface State with Autostate Enabled 467SVI Interface State with Autostate Disabled 469VLAN Routing with Layer 3 Switch Routed Ports 469Implementing Routed Interfaces on Switches 470Implementing Layer 3 EtherChannels 473Troubleshooting Layer 3 EtherChannels 476VLAN Routing on a Router’s LAN Switch Ports 477Configuring Routing for Embedded Switch Ports 478Verifying Routing for Embedded Switch Ports 480Identifying Switched Ports in Routers 481Chapter Review 482Chapter 19 IP Addressing on Hosts 486“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 486Foundation Topics 488Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 488DHCP Concepts 488APIPA IP Addresses (169.254.x.x) 490Supporting DHCP for Remote Subnets with DHCP Relay 490Information Stored at the DHCP Server 492Configuring DHCP Features on Routers and Switches 493Configuring DHCP Relay 494Configuring a Switch as DHCP Client 495Configuring a Router as DHCP Client 496Identifying Host IPv4 Settings 497Host Settings for IPv4 497Host IP Settings on Windows 499Host IP Settings on macOS 502Host IP Settings on Linux 504Troubleshooting Host IP Settings 506A Working Windows Host with Static IP Configuration 506A Failed Windows DHCP Client Due to IP Connectivity Issues 507A Working Windows DHCP Client with Incorrect Settings 508Chapter Review 510Chapter 20 Troubleshooting IPv4 Routing 512“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 512Foundation Topics 513Problem Isolation Using the ping Command 513Ping Command Basics 513Strategies and Results When Testing with the ping Command 514Testing Longer Routes from Near the Source of the Problem 514Using Extended Ping to Test the Reverse Route 517Testing LAN Neighbors with Standard Ping 519Testing LAN Neighbors with Extended Ping 520Testing WAN Neighbors with Standard Ping 521Using Ping with Names and with IP Addresses 522Problem Isolation Using the traceroute Command 524traceroute Basics 524How the traceroute Command Works 525Standard and Extended traceroute 526Telnet and SSH 527Common Reasons to Use the IOS Telnet and SSH Client 528IOS Telnet and SSH Examples 529Chapter Review 530Part V Review 534Part VI OSPF 537Chapter 21 Understanding OSPF Concepts 538“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 538Foundation Topics 540Comparing Dynamic Routing Protocol Features 540Routing Protocol Functions 541Interior and Exterior Routing Protocols 542Comparing IGPs 543IGP Routing Protocol Algorithms 543Metrics 544Other IGP Comparisons 545OSPF Concepts and Operation 546OSPF Overview 546Topology Information and LSAs 546Applying Dijkstra SPF Math to Find the Best Routes 547Becoming OSPF Neighbors 548The Basics of OSPF Neighbors 548Meeting Neighbors and Learning Their Router ID 548Exchanging the LSDB Between Neighbors 550Fully Exchanging LSAs with Neighbors 550Maintaining Neighbors and the LSDB 551Using Designated Routers on Ethernet Links 552Calculating the Best Routes with SPF 553OSPF Areas and LSAs 555OSPF Areas 555How Areas Reduce SPF Calculation Time 556(OSPFv2) Link-State Advertisements 557Router LSAs Build Most of the Intra-Area Topology 558Network LSAs Complete the Intra-Area Topology 559Chapter Review 560Chapter 22 Implementing Basic OSPF Features 562“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 562Foundation Topics 564Implementing OSPFv2 Using network Commands 564OSPF Single-Area Configuration 565Wildcard Matching with the network Command 566Verifying OSPF Operation 569Verifying OSPF Configuration 572Configuring the OSPF Router ID 574Implementing Multiarea OSPF 575Implementing OSPFv2 Using Interface Subcommands 576OSPF Interface Configuration Example 576Verifying OSPF Interface Configuration 578Chapter Review 580Chapter 23 Implementing Optional OSPF Features 584“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 584Foundation Topics 586OSPF Network Types 586The OSPF Broadcast Network Type 587Verifying Operations with Network Type Broadcast 588Using Priority and RID to Influence the DR/BDR Election 590The OSPF Point-to-Point Network Type 592Additional Optional OSPFv2 Features 594OSPF Passive Interfaces 594OSPF Default Routes 597OSPF Metrics (Cost) 599Setting the Cost Directly 599Setting the Cost Based on Interface and Reference Bandwidth 600OSPF Hello and Dead Intervals 602Chapter Review 604Chapter 24 OSPF Neighbors and Route Selection 608“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 608Foundation Topics 611OSPF Neighbor Relationships 611OSPF Neighbor Requirements 611Issues That Prevent Neighbor Adjacencies 612Finding Area Mismatches 613Finding Duplicate OSPF Router IDs 613Finding OSPF Hello and Dead Timer Mismatches 614Shutting Down the OSPF Process 615Shutting Down OSPF on an Interface 617Issues That Allow Neighbors but Prevent IP Routes 618Mismatched MTU Settings 618Mismatched OSPF Network Types 618Both Neighbors Using OSPF Priority 0 618Examples That Show OSPF Neighbors but No Routes 619Route Selection 621Equal-Cost Multipath OSPF Routes 621Multiple Routes Learned from Competing Sources 622IP Forwarding with the Longest Prefix Match 625Using Your Subnetting Math Skills to Predict the Choice of Best Route 626Using show ip route address to Find the Best Route 628Interpreting the IP Routing Table 628Chapter Review 630Part VI Review 634Part VII IP Version 6 637Chapter 25 Fundamentals of IP Version 6 638“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 638Foundation Topics 640Introduction to IPv6 640The Historical Reasons for IPv6 640The IPv6 Protocols 642IPv6 Routing 643IPv6 Routing Protocols 645IPv6 Addressing Formats and Conventions 646Representing Full (Unabbreviated) IPv6 Addresses 646Abbreviating and Expanding IPv6 Addresses 647Abbreviating IPv6 Addresses 647Expanding Abbreviated IPv6 Addresses 648Representing the Prefix Length of an Address 649Calculating the IPv6 Subnet Prefix (Subnet ID) 649Finding the IPv6 Subnet Prefix 649Working with More-Difficult IPv6 Prefix Lengths 651Chapter Review 652Chapter 26 IPv6 Addressing and Subnetting 654“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 654Foundation Topics 655Global Unicast Addressing Concepts 655Public and Private IPv6 Addresses 656The IPv6 Global Routing Prefix 657Address Ranges for Global Unicast Addresses 659IPv6 Subnetting Using Global Unicast Addresses 659Deciding Where IPv6 Subnets Are Needed 660The Mechanics of Subnetting IPv6 Global Unicast Addresses 660Listing the IPv6 Subnet Prefix (Subnet ID) 662List All IPv6 Subnets 663Assign Subnets to the Internetwork Topology 663Assigning Addresses to Hosts in a Subnet 664Unique Local Unicast Addresses 664Subnetting with Unique Local IPv6 Addresses 665The Need for Globally Unique Local Addresses 666Chapter Review 667Chapter 27 Implementing IPv6 Addressing on Routers 668“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 668Foundation Topics 670Implementing Unicast IPv6 Addresses on Routers 670Static Unicast Address Configuration 671Configuring the Full 128-Bit Address 671Enabling IPv6 Routing 672Verifying the IPv6 Address Configuration 673Generating a Unique Interface ID Using Modified EUI-64 674IPv6 Address Attributes 678Dynamic Unicast Address Configuration 679Special Addresses Used by Routers 680Link-Local Addresses 680Link-Local Address Concepts 680Creating Link-Local Addresses on Routers 681Routing IPv6 with Only Link-Local Addresses on an Interface 683IPv6 Multicast Addresses 684Well-Known Multicast Addresses 684Multicast Address Scopes 686Solicited-Node Multicast Addresses 687The Unspecified and Loopback Addresses 689Anycast Addresses 689IPv6 Addressing Configuration Summary 690Chapter Review 691Chapter 28 Implementing IPv6 Addressing on Hosts 696“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 696Foundation Topics 698The Neighbor Discovery Protocol 698Discovering Neighbor Link Addresses with NDP NS and NA 699Discovering Routers with NDP RS and RA 702Discovering Prefixes with NDP RS and RA 703Discovering Duplicate Addresses Using NDP NS and NA 705NDP Summary 705Dynamic Configuration of Host IPv6 Settings 706Using Stateful DHCP 706Differences Between Stateful DHCPv6 and DHCPv4 707DHCPv6 Relay Agents 708Using Stateless Address Autoconfiguration 710Building an IPv6 Address Using SLAAC 710Combining SLAAC with Stateless DHCP 711Combining SLAAC with RA-Based DNS Server Configuration 712Permanent and Temporary SLAAC Addresses 712Troubleshooting Host IPv6 Addressing 714Verifying IPv6 Connectivity from Hosts 714Host Commands to Find IPv6 Interface Addresses 714Testing IPv6 Connectivity with ping and traceroute 716Verifying Host Connectivity from Nearby Routers 718Chapter Review 719Chapter 29 Implementing IPv6 Routing 722“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 722Foundation Topics 724Connected and Local IPv6 Routes 724Rules for Connected and Local Routes 725Example of Connected IPv6 Routes 725Examples of Local IPv6 Routes 727Static IPv6 Network Routes 728Static Network Routes Using an Outgoing Interface 729Static Network Routes Using Next-Hop IPv6 Address 730Example Static Network Route with a Next-Hop GUA 731Example Static Network Route with a Next-Hop LLA 733Static Default, Host, and Floating Static IPv6 Routes 735Static IPv6 Default Routes 735Static IPv6 Host Routes 737Floating Static IPv6 Routes 739Troubleshooting Static IPv6 Routes 741Troubleshooting Incorrect Static Routes That Appear in the IPv6 Routing Table 741The Static Route Does Not Appear in the IPv6 Routing Table 743Chapter Review 744Part VII Review 746Part VIII Exam Updates 749Chapter 30 CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide, Volume 1, Second Edition Exam Updates 750The Purpose of This Chapter 750Additional Technical Content 751About Possible Exam Updates 751Impact on You and Your Study Plan 753News about the Next CCNA Exam Release 754Updated Technical Content 754Part IX Appendixes 757Appendix A Numeric Reference Tables 759Appendix B Exam Topics Cross-Reference 765Appendix C Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes779Glossary 809 Online AppendixesAppendix D Practice for Chapter 12: Analyzing Classful IPv4 NetworksAppendix E Practice for Chapter 13: Analyzing Subnet MasksAppendix F Practice for Chapter 14: Analyzing Existing SubnetsAppendix G Practice for Chapter 15: Subnet DesignAppendix H Practice for Chapter 25: Fundamentals of IP Version 6Appendix I Practice for Chapter 27: Implementing IPv6 Addressing on RoutersAppendix J Study PlannerAppendix K Topics from Previous EditionsAppendix L LAN TroubleshootingAppendix M Variable-Length Subnet Masks 9780138229634 TOC 4/22/2024