Rethinking the 1990s

G. John Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the School of Public and International Affairs. He is also a Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, Korea. In 2018-2019, Ikenberry was a Visiting Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford University. In 2013-2014, he was the 72nd Eastman Visiting Professor at Balliol College, Oxford. Ikenberry is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Ikenberry is the author of eight books, most recently, A World Safe for Democracy: Liberal Internationalism in the Making of Modern World Order, and Debating Worlds: Contested Narratives of Global Modernity and World Order.Peter Trubowitz is Professor of International Relations and Director of the Phelan United States Center at the London School of Economics and Political Science, and Associate Fellow at Chatham House, the Royal Institute of International Affairs. His research focuses on international security, domestic politics and foreign policy, and party politics. His published work includes Geopolitics and Democracy: The Western Liberal Order from Foundation to Fracture, with Brian Burgoon, Politics and Strategy: Partisan Ambition and American Statecraft, and Defining the National Interest: Conflict and Change in American Foreign Policy, which won the annual J. David Greenstone Prize for best book on politics and history.

As we strive to understand the profound upheaval in the international order, it makes sense to go back to the 1990s, a time when liberalism seemed triumphant and ask if its decline was inevitable. To tackle this question, Ikenberry and Trubowitz have assembled a dream team of political scientists and historians, who walk us through topics ranging from economic and financial hegemony to NATO's march eastward, to the emergence of a global human rights regime. In the end, the rich scholarship in this book provides us with no easy answer and instead urges us to unpack our long-standing assumptions about the source of the order's expansion and the origins of its current challenges. It is a critical read at this uncertain moment.

• List of Contributors Preface and Acknowledgments 1: G. John Ikenberry;Peter Trubowitz: Making Sense of the 1990s: Choices, Pathways, and Missed Opportunities Part I: BRAVE NEW WORLD: LIBERAL CONSOLIDATION OR TRANSFORMATION? 2: How Recursive Is Global Governance? Revisiting the Ordering Choices of the Nineties 3: Jonathan Kirshner: That Faustian Decade: The Financialization of the American Economy 4: Michael Mastanduno: When Hegemony Mostly Worked: U.S. Relations with Europe and Japan during the 1990s 5: Jennifer M. Welsh: Responsible Sovereignty and Individual Accountability: Liberal Internationalist Aspirations from the 1990s Part II: Taking Stock: Western Successes and Failures 6: Populism and the Durability of the Liberal Order in Eastern Europe: EU and NATO Enlargement Reconsidered 7: Michael Cox: Who Lost Russia? The 1990s Revisited 8: Miles Kahler: Reconsidering Engagement with China: Authoritarian Power and International Order 9: Harold James: The Return of/to Europe and the New Politics of Globalism Part III: False Dawn: Western Overreach or Underreach? 10: Ever Deeper and Wider? The Globalization of the Liberal International Order and the End of the Cold War 11: Charles A. Kupchan: The Liberal Order Reconsidered: Europe, the United States, and the Missteps of the 1990s 12: Ayse Zarakol: Mistakes Were Made: Revisiting the 1990s from the EU's Immediate Neighborhood 13: Amrita Narlikar: On Breakthroughs, Deadlocks, and Rose-Gardens Lost in Between: The Failed Promise of North-South Cooperation Index