Oxford Textbook of Critical Care

Dr Andrew Webb is Vice President, Quality and Medical Affairs, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste Marie, Canada Prior to this position, Dr. Webb was a Clinical Professor in the Department of Medicine at UBC and VP Medicine for the Fraser Health Authority where he provided executive leadership and strategic oversight to the quality and safety of clinical care, including Infection Control, Risk Management and Legal Services. He also provided physician leadership, and oversees the development of research and education. In addition to his appointment as Special Advisor to the Dean, Faculty of Medicine, UBC, he holds a similar appointment at Simon Fraser University. As a Consultant Physician in Critical Care Medicine he was instrumental in building academic critical care as a medical area. He is author of 75 papers and reviews, seven textbooks, 22 book chapters.Dr. Angus is Distinguished Professor and Chair of the Department of Critical Care Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Health System. He holds secondary appointments in Medicine, Health Policy and Management, and Clinical and Translational Science. He completed his medical school and residency training at the University of Glasgow and fellowship training at the University of Pittsburgh. Dr. Angus' research, funded principally by the NIH, focuses on clinical, epidemiologic and translational studies of sepsis, pneumonia, and multisystem organ failure and on health services research of the organization and delivery of critical care services. He has published several hundred papers, is section editor for "Caring for the Critically Ill" for JAMA, and the recipient of numerous awards.Dr Finfer is a practicing critical care physician with an appointment as a Senior Staff Specialist at Royal North Shore Hospital and Director of Intensive Care at the Sydney Adventist Hospital. He is an Adjunct Professor at the University of New South Wales Medical School, a past-Chair of the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Clinical Trials Group. He is a council member of the International Sepsis Forum, the Global Sepsis Alliance, and a member of the World Sepsis Day Steering Committee. Dr Finfer is a Professorial Fellow in the Critical Care and Trauma Division at The George Institute for global Health. He is active in forging major international research collaborations that have conducted large scale clinical trials. Simon is also an Editor of the Critical Care Section for The Oxford Textbook of Medicine (6th Ed.), and was a Critical Care guest editor for The New England Journal of Medicine from 2011 to 2014.Professor Luciano Gattiononi is Professor of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. His research is focused on the pathophisiology and treatment of acute respiratory failure, including prone positioning, sepsis and acid base disorders. He has published more than 200 research articles and reviews in peer reviewed journal. In the early 1980's he worked on the quantitative analysis of thoracic CT imaging, culminating in the "baby lung" (1980s) and lung recrutability (2000s) concepts. He was awarded with the Life Time Achievement Award by the American Society of Anesthesiology and is Honorary Member of the German Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, and Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians.Mervyn Singer is Professor of Intensive Care Medicine at University College London. His primary research interests are sepsis and multi-organ failure, infection, shock and haemodynamic monitoring. He developed an oesophageal Doppler haemodynamic monitor that is now in widespread use worldwide, the use of which has been shown in multiple studies to improve outcomes after major surgery and reduce length of stay. He has led on a number of important multi-centre trials in critical care. He has authored various papers and textbooks including the Oxford Handbook of Critical Care, now in its 3rd Edition, and is a Council member of the International Sepsis Forum. He was the first UK intensivist to be awarded Senior Investigator status by the National Institute for Health Research, and to be invited to give plenary lectures at the European and US Intensive Care Congress.

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• Section 1: ICU Organisation and Management: The Intensive Care UnitPart 1.1: The Intensive Care Unit1: Design of the ICU2: Staffing models in the ICU3: Rapid response teams for the critically ill4: In-hospital transfer of the critically ill5: Pre- and inter-hospital transfer of the critically ill and injured6: Regional critical care delivery systems7: Integration of information technology in the ICU8: Multiple casualties and disaster response in critical care9: Management of pandemic critical illnessPart 1.2: Communication10: Effective teamwork in the ICU11: Communication with patients and families in the ICU12: Telemedicine in critical carePart 1.3: Training13: Clinical skills in critical care14: Simulation training for critical care15: Leadership skills in the ICUPart 1.4: Safety and Quality16: Patient safety in the ICU17: Policies, bundles and protocols in critical care18: Managing biohazards and environmental safety19: Managing ICU staff welfare, morale and burnoutPart 1.5: Governance20: ICU admission and discharge criteria21: Resource management and budgeting in critical care22: Costs and cost-effectiveness in critical carePart 1.6: Research23: Evidence-based practice in critical care24: Research ethics in the ICUPart 1.7: Medico-legal and ethical issues25: Informed consent in the ICU26: Patient rights in the ICU27: Medico-legal liability in critical carePart 1.8: Critical Illness Risk Prediction28: The role and limitations of scoring systems29: Severity of illness scoring systems30: Organ failure scoring31: Genetic and molecular expression patterns in critical illnessSection 2: PharmacotherapeuticsPart 2.1: Respiratory drugs32: Oxygen in critical illness33: Bronchodilators in critical illness34: Vasopressors in critical illness35: Vasodilators in critical illness36: Inotropic agents in critical illness37: Anti-anginal agents in critical illness38: Anti-arrhythmics in critical illness39: Pulmonary vasodilators in critical illnessPart 2.3: Gastrointestinal drugs40: Gastrointestinal motility drugs in critical illness41: Stress ulcer prophylaxis and treatment drugs in critical illnessPart 2.4: Nervous system drugs42: Sedatives and anti-anxiety agents in critical illness43: Analgesics in critical illness44: Antidepressants in critical illness45: Antiseizure agents in critical illness46: Inhalational anaesthetic agents in critical illness47: Muscle relaxants in critical illness48: Neuroprotective agents in critical illnessPart 2.5: Hormonal drugs49: Hormone therapies in critical illness50: Insulin and oral anti-hyperglycaemic agents in critical illnessPart 2.6: Haematological drugs51: Anticoagulants and antithrombotics in critical illness52: Haemostatic agents in critical illnessPart 2.7: Antimicrobial and immunological drugs53: Antimicrobial drugs in critical illness54: Steroids in critical illness55: Immunotherapy in critical illnessPart 2.8: Fluids and diuretics56: Colloids in critical illness57: Crystalloids in critical illness58: Diuretics in critical illnessSection 3: ResuscitationPart 3.1: Respiratory management59: Airway management in cardiopulmonary resuscitation60: Artificial ventilation in cardiopulmonary resuscitationPart 3.2: Circulatory management61: Pathophysiology and causes of cardiac arrest62: Cardiac massage and blood flow management during cardiac arrest63: Defibrillation and pacing during cardiac arrest64: Therapeutic strategies in managing cardiac arrest65: Post-cardiac arrest arrhythmias66: Management after resuscitation from cardiac arrest67: Ethical and end-of-life issues after cardiac arrestPart 3.3: Fluid Management68: Physiology of body fluids69: Choice of resuscitation fluid70: Therapeutic goals of fluid resuscitationSection 4: The Respiratory SystemPart 4.1: Physiology71: Normal physiology of the respiratory systemPart 4.2: Respiratory monitoring72: Blood gas analysis in the critically ill73: Pulse oximetry and capnography in the ICU74: Respiratory system compliance and resistance in the critically ill75: Gas exchange principles in the critically ill76: Gas exchange assessment in the critically ill77: Respiratory muscle function in the critically ill78: Imaging the respiratory system in the critically illPart 4.3: Upper airway obstruction79: Upper airway obstruction in the critically illPart 4.4: Airway access80: Standard intubation in the ICU81: The difficult intubation in the ICU82: The surgical airway in the ICUPart 4.5: Acute respiratory failure83: Dyspnoea in the critically ill84: Pulmonary mechanical dysfunction in the critically ill85: Hypoxaemia in the critically ill86: Hypercapnia in the critically ill87: Cardiovascular interactions in respiratory failurePart 4.6: Ventilatory support88: Physiology of positive-pressure ventilation89: Respiratory support with continuous positive airways pressure90: Non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation91: Indications for mechanical ventilation92: Design and function of mechanical ventilators93: Setting rate, volume, and time in ventilatory support94: Respiratory support with positive end-expiratory pressure95: Volume-controlled mechanical ventilation96: Pressure-controlled mechanical ventilation97: Pressure support ventilation98: High-frequency ventilation and oscillation99: Prone positioning in the ICU100: Failure to ventilate in critical illness101: Ventilator trauma in the critically illPart 4.7: Weaning ventilatory support102: Assessment and technique of weaning103: Weaning failure in critical illnessPart 4.8: Extracorporeal support104: Extracorporeal respiratory and cardiac support techniques in the ICU105: Treating respiratory failure with extracorporeal support in the ICUPart 4.9: Aspiration and inhalation106: Aspiration of gastric contents in the critically ill107: Inhalation injury in the ICUPart 4.10: Acute respiratory distress syndrome108: Pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome109: Therapeutic strategy in acute respiratory distress syndromePart 4.11: Airflow limitation110: Pathophysiology and causes of airflow limitation111: Therapeutic approach to bronchospasm and asthma112: Therapeutic strategy in acute or chronic airflow limitationPart 4.12: Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis113: Pathophysiology and therapeutic strategy of respiratory acidosis114: Pathophysiology and therapeutic strategy of respiratory alkalosisPart 4.13: Pneumonia115: Pathophysiology of pneumonia116: Diagnosis and management of community-acquired pneumonia117: Diagnosis and management of nosocomial pneumonia118: Diagnosis and management of atypical pneumoniaPart 4.14: Atelectasis and sputum retention119: Pathophysiology and prevention of sputum retention120: Lung recruitment techniques in the ICU121: Chest physiotherapy and tracheobronchial suction in the ICU122: Toilet bronchoscopy in the ICUPart 4.15: Pleural cavity disorders123: Pathophysiology of pleural cavity disorders124: Management of pneumothorax and bronchial fistulae125: Management of pleural effusion and haemothoraxPart 4.16: Hemoptysis126: Pathophysiology and causes of haemoptysis127: Therapeutic approach in haemoptysisSection 5: The Cardiovascular SystemPart 5.1: Physiology128: Normal physiology of the cardiovascular systemPart 5.2: Cardiovascular monitoring129: ECG monitoring in the ICU130: Arterial and venous cannulation in the ICU131: Blood pressure monitoring in the ICU132: Central venous pressure monitoring in the ICU133: Pulmonary artery catheterization in the ICU134: Mixed and central venous oxygen saturation monitoring in the ICU135: Right ventricular function in the ICU136: Cardiac output assessment in the ICU137: Oxygen transport in the critically ill138: Tissue perfusion monitoring in the ICU139: Lactate monitoring in the ICU140: Measurement of extravascular lung water in the ICU141: Doppler echocardiography in the ICU142: Monitoring the microcirculation in the ICU143: Imaging the cardiovascular system in the ICUPart 5.3: Acute chest pain and coronary syndromes144: Causes and diagnosis of chest pain145: Pathophysiology of coronary syndromes146: Diagnosis and management of non-STEMI coronary syndromes147: Diagnosis and management of ST-elevation myocardial infarctionPart 5.4: Aortic dissection148: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of aortic dissectionPart 5.5: The hypotensive patient149: Pathophysiology of shock150: Diagnosis and management of shock in the ICUPart 5.6: Cardiac failure151: Pathophysiology and causes of cardiac failure152: Therapeutic strategy in cardiac failure153: Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in the ICU154: Ventricular assist devices in the ICUPart 5.7: Tachyarrhythmias155: Causes and diagnosis of tachyarrythmias156: Therapeutic strategy in tachyarrhythmiasPart 5.8: Bradyarrhythmias157: Causes, diagnosis and therapeutic strategy in bradyarrhythmiasPart 5.9: Valvular problems158: Causes and diagnosis of valvular problems159: Therapeutic strategy in valvular problemsPart 5.10: Endocarditis160: Pathophysiology and causes of endocarditis161: Prevention and treatment of endocarditisPart 5.11: Severe hypertension162: Pathophysiology and causes of severe hypertension163: Management of severe hypertension in the ICUPart 5.12: Severe capillary leak164: Pathophysiology of severe capillary leak165: Management of acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedemaPart 5.13: Pericardial tamponade166: Pathophysiology and causes of pericardial tamponade167: Management of pericardial tamponadePart 5.14: Pulmonary hypertension168: Pathophysiology and causes of pulmonary hypertension169: Diagnosis and management of pulmonary hypertensionPart 5.15: Pulmonary embolus170: Pathophysiology and causes of pulmonary embolus171: Diagnosis and management of pulmonary embolusSection 6: The Gastrointestinal SystemPart 6.1: Physiology172: Normal physiology of the gastrointestinal system173: Normal physiology of the hepatic systemPart 6.2: Gastrointestinal monitoring174: Imaging the abdomen in the critically ill175: Hepatic function in the critically illPart 6.3: Gastrointestinal haemorrhage176: Pathophysiology and causes of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage177: Diagnosis and management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in the critically ill178: Diagnosis and management of variceal bleeding in the critically ill179: Pathophysiology and causes of lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage180: Diagnosis and management of lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage in the critically illPart 6.4: Disordered gastric motility181: Vomiting and large nasogastric aspirates in the critically ill182: Ileus and obstruction in the critically ill183: Diarrhoea and constipation in the critically illPart 6.5: The acute abdomen in the ICU184: Pathophysiology and management of raised intra-abdominal pressure in the critically ill185: Perforated viscus in the critically ill186: Ischaemic bowel in the critically ill187: Intra-abdominal sepsis in the critically ill188: Acute acalculous cholecystitis in the critically ill189: Management of the open abdomen and abdominal fistulae in the critically illPart 6.6: Pancreatitis190: Pathophysiology, diagnosis and assessment of acute pancreatitis191: Management of acute pancreatitis in the critically illPart 6.7: Jaundice192: Pathophysiology and causes of jaundice in the critically ill193: Management of jaundice in the critically illPart 6.8: Acute hepatic failure194: Pathophysiology and causes of acute hepatic failure195: Diagnosis and assessment of acute hepatic failure in the critically ill196: Management of acute hepatic failure in the critically ill197: The effect of acute hepatic failure on drug handling in the critically ill198: Extracorporeal liver support devices in the ICUPart 6.9: Acute on chronic hepatic failure199: 199: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, assessment of acute or chronic hepatic failure200: Management of acute or chronic hepatic failure in the critically illSection 7: NutritionPart 7.1: Physiology201: Normal physiology of nutrition202: The metabolic and nutritional response to critical illnessPart 7.2: Nutritional failure203: Pathophysiology of nutritional failure in the critically ill204: Assessing nutritional status in the ICU205: Indirect calorimetry in the ICU206: Enteral nutrition in the ICU207: Parenteral nutrition in the ICUSection 8: The Renal SystemPart 8.1: Physiology208: Normal physiology of the renal systemPart 8.2: Renal monitoring and risk prediction209: Monitoring renal function in the critically ill210: Imaging the urinary tract in the critically illPart 8.3: Oliguria and acute kidney injury211: Pathophysiology of oliguria and acute kidney injury212: Diagnosis of oliguria and acute kidney injury213: Management of oliguria and acute kidney injury in the critically illPart 8.4: Renal replacement techniques214: Continuous haemofiltration techniques in the critically ill215: Haemodialysis in the critically ill216: Peritoneal dialysis in the critically illPart 8.5: Established renal failure217: The effect of renal failure on drug handling in critical illness218: The effect of chronic renal failure on critical illnessSection 9: The Neurological SystemPart 9.1: Anatomy and physiology219: Normal anatomy and physiology of the brain220: Normal anatomy and physiology of the spinal cord and peripheral nervesPart 9.2: Neurological monitoring221: Electroencephalogram monitoring in the critically ill222: Cerebral bloodflow and perfusion monitoring in the critically ill223: Intracranial pressure monitoring in the ICU224: Imaging the central nervous system in the critically illPart 9.3: Sleep disturbance225: Pathophysiology and therapeutic strategy for sleep disturbance in the ICUPart 9.4: Agitation, confusion and delirium226: Causes and epidemiology of agitation, confusion and delirium in the ICU227: Assessment and therapeutic strategy for agitation, confusion and delirium in the ICUPart 9.5: The unconscious patient228: Causes and diagnosis of unconsciousness229: Management of unconsciousness in the ICU230: Non-pharmacological neuroprotection in the ICUPart 9.6: Seizures231: Pathophysiology and causes of seizures232: Assessment and management of seizures in the critically illPart 9.7: Intracranial hypertension233: Causes and management of intracranial hypertensionPart 9.8: Stroke234: Epidemiology of stroke235: Diagnosis and assessment of stroke236: Management of ischaemic stroke237: Management of parenchymal haemorrhagePart 9.9: Non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage238: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and assessment on non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage239: Management of non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage in the critically illPart 9.10: Meningitis and encephalitis240: Epidemiology, diagnosis and assessment of meningitis and encephalitis241: Management of meningitis and encephalitis in the critically illPart 9.11: Non-traumatic spinal injury242: Pathophysiology, causes, and management of non-traumatic spinal injuryPart 9.12: Neuromuscular syndromes243: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and assessment of neuromuscular syndromes244: Diagnosis, assessment, and management of myasthenia gravis and paramyasthenic syndromes245: Diagnosis, assessment, and management of tetanus, rabies and botulism246: Diagnosis, assessment, and management of Guillain-Barré syndrome247: Diagnosis, assessment, and management of hyperthermic crises248: Diagnosis, assessment, and management of ICU acquired weaknessSection 10: The Metabolic and Endocrine SystemsPart 10.1: Physiology249: Normal physiology of the endocrine systemPart 10.2: Electrolyte disturbance250: Disorders of sodium in the critically ill251: Disorders of potassium in the critically ill252: Disorders of magnesium in the critically ill253: Disorders of calcium in the critically ill254: Disorders of phosphate in the critically illPart 10.3: Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis255: Pathophysiology and causes of metabolic acidosis in the critically ill256: Management of metabolic acidosis in the critically ill257: Pathophysiology, causes, and management of metabolic alkalosis in the critically illPart 10.4: Blood glucose control258: Pathophysiology of glucose control259: Glycaemic control in critical illness260: Management of diabetic emergencies in the critically illPart 10.5: Endocrine disorders261: Pathophysiology and management of adrenal disorders in the critically ill262: Pathophysiology and management of pituitary disorders in the critically ill263: Pathophysiology and management of thyroid disorders in the critically ill264: Pathophysiology and management of functional endocrine tumours in the critically illSection 11: The Haematological SystemPart 11.1: Laboratory monitoring265: The blood cells and blood count266: Coagulation monitoringPart 11.2: Haematological therapies267: Blood product therapy in the ICU268: Apheresis in the ICUPart 11.3: Disordered coagulation269: Pathophysiology of disordered coagulation270: Disseminated intravascular coagulation in the critically ill271: Prevention and management of thrombosis in the critically ill272: Thrombocytopenia in the critically illPart 11.4: Disorders of the blood cells273: Pathophysiology and management of anaemia in the critically ill274: Pathophysiology and management of neutropenia in the critically ill275: Sickle crisis in the critically illSection 12: The Skin and Connective TissuePart 12.1: Skin and connective tissue disorders276: Assessment and management of dermatological problems in the critically ill277: Vasculitis in the critically ill278: Rheumatoid arthritis in the critically illPart 12.2: Wound and pressure sore management279: Principles and prevention of pressure sores in the ICU280: Dressing techniques for wounds in the critically illSection 13: InfectionPart 13.1: Diagnosis and surveillance281: Microbiological surveillance in the critically ill282: Novel biomarkers of infection in the critically illPart 13.2: Nosocomial infection283: Definition, epidemiology and general management of nosocomial infection284: Healthcare worker screening for nosocomial pathogens285: Environmental decontamination and isolation strategies in the ICU286: Antimicrobial selection policies in the ICU287: Oral, nasopharyngeal and gut decontamination in the ICU288: Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of device-related infection in the ICU289: Antibiotic resistance in the ICUPart 13.3: Infection in the immunocompromised290: Drug-induced depression of immunity in the critically ill291: HIV in the critically illPart 13.4: Tropical diseases292: Diagnosis and management of malaria in the ICU293: Diagnosis and management of viral haemorrhagic fevers in the ICU294: Other tropical diseases in the ICUPart 13.5: Sepsis295: Assessment of sepsis in the critically ill296: Management of sepsis in the critically ill297: Pathophysiology of septic shock298: Management of septic shock in the critically illSection 14: InflammationPart 14.1: Physiology299: Innate immunity and the inflammatory cascadePart 14.2: Organ-specific biomarkers300: Brain injury biomarkers in the critically ill301: Cardiac injury biomarkers in the critically ill302: Renal injury biomarkers in the critically illPart 14.3: Host response303: The host response to infection in the critically ill304: The host response to trauma and burns in the critically ill305: The host response to hypoxia in the critically ill306: Host-pathogen interactions in the critically ill307: Coagulation and the endothelium in acute injury in the critically ill308: Ischemia-reperfusion injury in the critically ill309: Repair and recovery mechanisms following critical illness310: Neural and endocrine function in the immune response to critical illness311: Adaptive immunity in critical illness312: Immunomodulation strategies in the critically ill313: Immunoparesis in the critically illPart 14.4: Anaphylaxis314: Pathophysiology and management of anaphylaxis in the critically illSection 15: PoisoningPart 15.1: Principles of management315: Role of toxicology assessment in poisoning316: Decontamination and enhanced elimination of poisonsPart 15.2: Management of specific poisons317: Management of salicylate poisoning318: Management of acetaminophen (paracetamol) poisonin319: Management of opioid poisoning320: Management of benzodiazepine poisoning321: Management of tricyclic antidepressant poisoning322: Management of amphetamine or ecstasy323: Management of digoxin poisoning324: Management of cocaine poisoning325: Management of beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker poisoning326: Management of cyanide poisoning327: Management of alcohol poisoning328: Management of carbon monoxide poisoning329: Management of corrosive poisoning330: Management of pesticide and agricultural chemical poisoning331: Management of radiation poisoningSection 16: TraumaPart 16.1: Multiple trauma332: A systematic approach to the injured patient333: Pathophysiology and management of thoracic injury334: Pathophysiology and management of abdominal injury335: Management of vascular injuries336: Management of limb and pelvic injuries337: Assessment and management of fat embolism338: Assessment and management of combat traumaPart 16.2: Ballistic trauma339: Pathophysiology of ballistic trauma340: Assessment and management of ballistic traumaPart 16.3: Traumatic brain injury341: Epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury342: Assessment of traumatic brain injury343: Management of traumatic brain injuryPart 16.4 Spinal cord injury344: Assessment and immediate management of spinal cord injury345: Ongoing management of the tetraplegic patient in the ICUPart 16.5: Burns346: Pathophysiology and assessment of burns347: Management of burns in the ICUSection 17: Physical DisordersPart 17.1: Drowning348: Pathophysiology and management of drowningPart 17.2: Electrocoution349: Pathophysiology and management of electrocutionPart 17.3: Altitude- and depth-related disorders350: Pathophysiology and management of altitude related disorders351: Pathophysiology and management of depth related disorders352: Pathophysiology and management of fever353: Pathophysiology and management of hyperthermia354: Pathophysiology and management of hypothermiaPart 17.4: Rhabdomyolysis355: Pathophysiology and management of rhabdomyolysisSection 18: Pain and SedationPart 18.1: Pain356: Pathophysiology and assessment of pain357: Pain management in the critically illPart 18.2: Sedation358: Sedation assessment in the critically ill359: Management of sedation in the critically illSection 19: General Surgical and Obstetric Intensive CarePart 19.1: Optimisation strategies for the high-risk surgical patient360: Identification of the high-risk surgical patient361: Peri-operative optimisation of the high risk surgical patientPart 19.2: General post-operative intensive care362: Post-operative ventilatory dysfunction management in the ICU363: Post-operative fluid and circulatory management in the ICU364: Surgical enhanced recovery programmes in the ICUPart 19.3: Obstetric intensive care365: Obstetric physiology and special considerations in ICU366: Pathophysiology and management of pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome367: Pathophysiology and management of critical illness in pregnancySection 20: Specialized Intensive CarePart 20.1: Specialized surgical intensive care368: Intensive care management after cardiothoracic surgery369: Intensive care management after neurosurgery370: Intensive care management after vascular surgery371: Intensive care management in hepatic and other abdominal organ transplantation372: Intensive care management in cardiac transplantation373: Intensive care management in lung transplantationPart 20.2: Oncological intensive care374: ICU selection and outcome of patients with haematologic malignancy375: Management of the bone marrow transplant recipient in ICU376: Management of oncological complications in the ICUSection 21: Recovery From Critical IllnessPart 21.1: In hospital recovery from critical illness377: Chronic critical illness378: Promoting physical recovery in critical illness379: Promoting renal recovery in critical illness380: Recovering from critical illness in hospitalPart 21.2: Complications of critical illness381: Physical consequences of critical illness382: Neurocognitive impairment after critical illness383: Affective and mood disorders after critical illnessPart 21.3: Out-of-hospital support after critical illness384: Long-term weaning centres in critical care385: The ICU survivor clinic386: Rehabilitation from critical illness after hospital dischargeSection 22: End Of Life CarePart 22.1: Withdrawing and withholding treatment387: Ethical decision making in withdrawing and withholding treatment388: Management of the dying patientPart 22.2: Management of the potential organ donor389: Beating heart organ donation390: Non-beating heart organ donationPart 22.3: Post-mortem diagnosis391: Post-mortem examination in the ICU