Roberta D'Alessandro is Professor of Linguistics / Syntax and Language Variation at Utrecht University. She has recently concluded an ERC project on Microcontact, from which this volume has emerged. She has published on heritage language syntax and syntactic (micro-)variation, impersonal pronouns, and the syntax-phonology interface in journals including Glossa, Theoretical Linguistics, Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, and The Annual Review of Linguistics. She is currently Head of the Linguistics section at Utrecht University.Michael T. Putnam is Professor of German and Linguistics at The Pennsylvania State University. He has published widely in generative approaches to Germanic morphology and syntax and bilingualism, with his work appearing in journals such as Bilingualism: Language and Cognition and The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics. He has a special interest in heritage varieties of Germanic languages spoken throughout the world. He is currently the Director of the Linguistics Program and Associate Director of the Center for Language Science at Penn State.Silvia Terenghi is Assistant Professor of Multilingualism at Utrecht University. She carried out her PhD research within the ERC-funded Microcontact project, where she investigated the syntax of indexicality in heritage and attrited Italo-Romance varieties, with specific reference to demonstrative forms. Her main research interest lies in syntactic variation and change in both contact contexts and diachrony and the results of her research have been presented at a range of conferences and in journals including Glossa, Journal of Historical Syntax, and Languages.

• List of abbreviations List of Contributors Heritage languages and syntactic theory: An introduction Part I Linguistic theory and language variation 1: Roberta D'Alessandro;Luigi Andriani;Alberto Frasson;Manuela Pinto;Luana Sorgini;Silvia Terenghi: Microcontact and syntactic theory 2: Esther Rinke;Cristina Flores: Systematic and predictable variation in heritage grammars: The role of complexity, diachronic change, and linguistic ambiguity in the input Part II Sentence structure 3: Maria Polinsky: Heritage language gaps 4: Oksana Laleko: Word order and prosody in the expression of information structure Part III The Verb Phrase 5: Artemis Alexiadou;Vasiliki Rizou: Non-active Voice in heritage Greek 6: Michael T. Putnam: The shape and size of defective domains: Non-finite clauses in Pennsylvania Dutch Part IV The DP 7: Alberto Frasson: Parallel changes in pronominal clitic systems: A view from heritage Romance and Slavic 8: Terje Lohndal;Yvonne van Baal: The DP layer in heritage Norwegian: Vulnerability and nominal architecture References Index

Roberta D'Alessandro is Professor of Linguistics / Syntax and Language Variation at Utrecht University. She has recently concluded an ERC project on Microcontact, from which this volume has emerged. She has published on heritage language syntax and syntactic (micro-)variation, impersonal pronouns, and the syntax-phonology interface in journals including Glossa, Theoretical Linguistics, Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, and The Annual Review of Linguistics. She is currently Head of the Linguistics section at Utrecht University.Michael T. Putnam is Professor of German and Linguistics at The Pennsylvania State University. He has published widely in generative approaches to Germanic morphology and syntax and bilingualism, with his work appearing in journals such as Bilingualism: Language and Cognition and The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics. He has a special interest in heritage varieties of Germanic languages spoken throughout the world. He is currently the Director of the Linguistics Program and Associate Director of the Center for Language Science at Penn State.Silvia Terenghi is Assistant Professor of Multilingualism at Utrecht University. She carried out her PhD research within the ERC-funded Microcontact project, where she investigated the syntax of indexicality in heritage and attrited Italo-Romance varieties, with specific reference to demonstrative forms. Her main research interest lies in syntactic variation and change in both contact contexts and diachrony and the results of her research have been presented at a range of conferences and in journals including Glossa, Journal of Historical Syntax, and Languages.

• List of abbreviations List of Contributors Heritage languages and syntactic theory: An introduction Part I Linguistic theory and language variation 1: Roberta D'Alessandro;Luigi Andriani;Alberto Frasson;Manuela Pinto;Luana Sorgini;Silvia Terenghi: Microcontact and syntactic theory 2: Esther Rinke;Cristina Flores: Systematic and predictable variation in heritage grammars: The role of complexity, diachronic change, and linguistic ambiguity in the input Part II Sentence structure 3: Maria Polinsky: Heritage language gaps 4: Oksana Laleko: Word order and prosody in the expression of information structure Part III The Verb Phrase 5: Artemis Alexiadou;Vasiliki Rizou: Non-active Voice in heritage Greek 6: Michael T. Putnam: The shape and size of defective domains: Non-finite clauses in Pennsylvania Dutch Part IV The DP 7: Alberto Frasson: Parallel changes in pronominal clitic systems: A view from heritage Romance and Slavic 8: Terje Lohndal;Yvonne van Baal: The DP layer in heritage Norwegian: Vulnerability and nominal architecture References Index

Roberta D'Alessandro is Professor of Linguistics / Syntax and Language Variation at Utrecht University. She has recently concluded an ERC project on Microcontact, from which this volume has emerged. She has published on heritage language syntax and syntactic (micro-)variation, impersonal pronouns, and the syntax-phonology interface in journals including Glossa, Theoretical Linguistics, Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, and The Annual Review of Linguistics. She is currently Head of the Linguistics section at Utrecht University.Michael T. Putnam is Professor of German and Linguistics at The Pennsylvania State University. He has published widely in generative approaches to Germanic morphology and syntax and bilingualism, with his work appearing in journals such as Bilingualism: Language and Cognition and The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics. He has a special interest in heritage varieties of Germanic languages spoken throughout the world. He is currently the Director of the Linguistics Program and Associate Director of the Center for Language Science at Penn State.Silvia Terenghi is Assistant Professor of Multilingualism at Utrecht University. She carried out her PhD research within the ERC-funded Microcontact project, where she investigated the syntax of indexicality in heritage and attrited Italo-Romance varieties, with specific reference to demonstrative forms. Her main research interest lies in syntactic variation and change in both contact contexts and diachrony and the results of her research have been presented at a range of conferences and in journals including Glossa, Journal of Historical Syntax, and Languages.

• List of abbreviations List of Contributors Heritage languages and syntactic theory: An introduction Part I Linguistic theory and language variation 1: Roberta D'Alessandro;Luigi Andriani;Alberto Frasson;Manuela Pinto;Luana Sorgini;Silvia Terenghi: Microcontact and syntactic theory 2: Esther Rinke;Cristina Flores: Systematic and predictable variation in heritage grammars: The role of complexity, diachronic change, and linguistic ambiguity in the input Part II Sentence structure 3: Maria Polinsky: Heritage language gaps 4: Oksana Laleko: Word order and prosody in the expression of information structure Part III The Verb Phrase 5: Artemis Alexiadou;Vasiliki Rizou: Non-active Voice in heritage Greek 6: Michael T. Putnam: The shape and size of defective domains: Non-finite clauses in Pennsylvania Dutch Part IV The DP 7: Alberto Frasson: Parallel changes in pronominal clitic systems: A view from heritage Romance and Slavic 8: Terje Lohndal;Yvonne van Baal: The DP layer in heritage Norwegian: Vulnerability and nominal architecture References Index